PHILIPPINES. Sectoral Activities Department. Agriculture & Fishing. Fig. 1: Employment by Major Economic Activity ('000s),

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1 PHILIPPINES 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 Fig. 1: Employment by Major Economic Activity ('000s), Agriculture, Hunting and Fishing Mining and Quarrying Electricity, Gas and Water Supply Wholesale and Retail Trade Hotels and Restaurants Transport, Storage, Communications Business Services Public Administration, Defence Education Agriculture & Fishing The agriculture and fisheries sector continues to be the largest source of employment for workers in the Philippines, with more than 12 million people employed in the sector in 2008 (see Figs. 1 & 3). Employment levels in the agriculture sector have grown at an average annual rate of 1.4 per cent since 2001, adding more than 880,000 jobs over this time. The sector alone provides jobs for more than one-third of employed persons in the Philippines. Within the industry, half of those employed are self-employed. The agriculture sector has contributed around 18 per cent of gross value added to the national economy since 2000 (see Fig.2). The amount of agricultural land area in the Philippines in 2007 was 9.7 million hectares, with 4.9 million hectares of arable land. Crop agriculture delivers slightly less than half of agriculture s share in value added GDP, with the main crops being palay (un-husked rice) and corn, primarily for domestic consumption, and coconuts, pineapples, sugarcane and bananas, oriented toward the export market. There is a substantial plantation system organized in the country, with cultivation oriented toward the production of export crops. Livestock cultivation, including cattle, hogs, goats, and poultry contribute more than 25 per cent of value added to the industry, and the fishing subsector comprises the remainder of value added to the industry. While some commodities are directly channeled into the export market, such as bananas, the link between agricultural production and the food and beverage processing industry is a strong one in the Philippines. The top agricultural exports of processed food products include staples such as coconut oil and canned pineapples. 5,000 Health and Social Work Social and Personal Services 0 Other Services Source: ILO Laborsta; Persons aged 15 years and over. Excl. regular military living in barracks. 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , , , ,000 0 Fig. 2: Sectoral Value Added (Million Pesos, Constant Prices) Source: National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), Government Services Private Services Owners Dwelling & Real Estate Finance Trade Trans., Comm. & Stor. Electricity, Gas & Water Mining & Quarrying Agr., Fishing & Forestry In 2007, palay and corn production reached16.2 and 6.7 million metric tons, respectively, representing an increase in production from the previous year of 6 per cent for palay and 10.8 per cent for corn. Production of bananas, pineapples, mangos and onions also increased. Sugarcane and coconut production however, declined from the previous year by 8.7 per cent and 1 per cent, respectively. Livestock production also increased in 2007, particularly in the production of carabao (5%), hogs (2.7%), goats (2.3%) and chickens (0.5%). Within the fishing subsector total production reached 4.7 million metric tons in 2007, an increase from 4.1 million metric tons in The largest gains in production were realized in commercial fishing (10.3 per cent) and aquaculture (5.9 per cent). Working conditions in the Philippines show that agricultural workers earn less wages and work fewer hours than the average for all workers across the total economy. The average wage in agriculture, including fishing, was a low PHP per day, compared to the national average of PHP in Average working hours were reported to be 36.6 per week, below the national average of 44.8 hours for all industries. The gender balance of employment within the sector was more than 70 per cent male and 30 per cent female in Within the fishing subsector, men comprised more than 92 per cent of all employees. 12,200 12,000 11,800 11,600 11,400 11,200 11,000 10,800 10,600 10,400 10,200 Fig. 3: Employment in Agr. & Fishing ('000s), Source: ILO Laborsta; Persons aged 15 years and over. Excl. regular military living in barracks. Sectoral Activities Department

2 PHILIPPINES 6,600 6,400 6,200 6,000 5,800 5,600 5,400 5,200 5,000 Wholesale & Retail Trade Fig. 4: Employment in Wholesale & Retail Trade ('000s), Source: ILO Laborsta; Persons aged 15 years and over. Excl. regular military living in barracks. Employment in the wholesale and retail trade sector (also referred to as commerce) in the Philippines has been growing steadily since In 2008, the sector employed 6,446,000 people, an increase of 1.2 million from 2001 (see Figs. 1 & 4). Wholesale and retail trade is the second largest employment sector in the Philippines and contributed more than 16 per cent of value added to GDP in 2008 (see Fig.2). Gross revenue for the sector reached PhP billion in 2006, and the largest share (25.4%) came from non-specialized retail trade in stores, followed by the wholesale trade of non-agricultural intermediate products, waste and scrap (15.6%). In the Philippines, the retail trade subsector predominates with nearly 75 per cent of all trade related establishments operating in the retail subsector. The majority of retail outlets, including specialized and non-specialized stores are small enterprises employing less than 20 people. Within the wholesale trade subsector, larger enterprises predominate. The smallest sub-sector encompasses the sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles and the retail sale of automotive fuel. In terms of international merchandise trade (much of it carried out by wholesale merchants), exports reached 49 billion USD in 2008 and imports reached 60.4 billion USD. Manufactures represented more than 82 per cent of exports, while agricultural products and fuel products each represented nearly 8 per cent. Primary export products in 2008 included valves, diodes and transistors (16.6 billion USD), computer equipment (7.4 billion USD), office equipment and accessories (2.1 billion USD) and motor vehicle parts (1.9 billion USD). The Philippines s major export partners include the European Union, the United States, Japan, China and Hong Kong, China. Workers in wholesale and retail trade in the Philippines work much longer hours per week, on average and for lower wages than workers across the total economy. Average working time was 48.6 hours per week in 2008, compared to 44.8 hours per week for all workers. The daily average compensation rate however, was PHP 249.9, below the national average of PHP The workforce within the wholesale and retail trade industry is primarily female, with women comprising more than 60 per cent of the labour force in Key Labour Market Indicators (2008) Economically Active Population: Total: 36,804,250 Men: 22,673,000 Women: 14,131,750 Labour Force Participation Rate: Total: 63.6% Unemployment Rate: Total: 7.4% Men: 7.6% Women: 7.1% The manufacturing industry in the Philippines employed 2,926,000 people in 2008, and was, overall, the third largest employment industry in the country (see Figs 1 & 5). This level was slightly higher than the number employed in 2001, although employment levels have been volatile in the industry over the past eight years. There was a slight decline in manufacturing sector employment in 2002, followed by a sharp rise in 2003 and 2004, and a decline from 2007 to 2008 (see Fig 5). Within the industry the food and beverage products subsector recorded the highest employment count with 558,000 paid employees, followed by electronic components manufacturing, and wood, wood products and furniture manufacturing. The manufacturing industry overall has contributed more than 22 per cent of annual value added to GDP since 2000 (see Fig.2). The value of output for manufacturing establishments was estimated at PHP 3.11 trillion in 2006, which jumped by 76.7 per cent from the reported PHP 1.76 trillion value of output in About 50.5 per cent of the total value added was accounted for by the electronic products industry, the motor vehicles industry, the refined petroleum and other fuel products industry, the computers and computer accessories industry, the food processing industry (particularly milk, cream, cheese and butter) and the tobacco industry. Establishment size within the industry varies according to the particular manufacturing subsector. Within food and beverage products manufacturing, small scale enterprises employing less than 20 workers are most prevalent. In contrast the apparel and electronics manufacturing subsectors are dominated by larger enterprises, including foreign owned companies. Foreign direct investment in manufacturing industries reached million USD in 2008, up from million USD in The majority of FDI came from the United States, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, China and Singapore. Total salaries and wages paid in 2006 by manufacturing establishments with more than 20 workers amounted to PHP billion across the industry. However, the average hourly wage was reported at PHP 289.6, above the national average of PHP workers tended to work longer hours, averaging 47.4 hours per week in 2008, compared to the national average of 44.8 hours per week for all industries. The industry s workforce overall was comprised of nearly 55 per cent males and 45 per cent females in ,100 3,050 3,000 2,950 2,900 2,850 2,800 2,750 Fig. 5: Employment in ('000s), Source: ILO Laborsta; Persons aged 15 years and over. Excl. regular military living in barracks. Sectoral Activities Department Other Sources: National Statistics Office, Republic of the Philippines, Philippine Statistical Coordination Board; Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics, Philippines; UNCTAD.

3 Philippines Table 1: Gross National Product by Industrial Origin (Million Pesos, Constant Prices) & % Share in Total Value Added Total Value Added 1,085, ,154, ,157, ,276, ,366, ,419, ,429, % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Agriculture, Fishery & Forestry 215, , , , , , , % 19.6% 20.0% 18.8% 18.4% 18.3% 18.1% Mining & Quarrying 17, , , , , , , % 1.6% 1.7% 1.5% 1.7% 1.7% 2.1% 263, , , , , , , % 24.1% 20.7% 24.0% 23.1% 23.2% 22.0% 47, , , , , , , % 4.2% 4.0% 3.9% 4.5% 4.6% 5.0% Electricity, Gas & Water 35, , , , , , , % 3.2% 3.3% 3.1% 3.1% 3.2% 3.1% Trans., Comm. & Stor. 87, , , , , , , % 8.5% 9.1% 8.7% 8.8% 8.9% 8.9% Trade 180, , , , , , , % 16.7% 17.6% 16.9% 17.1% 16.8% 16.6% Finance 51, , , , , , , % 4.9% 5.6% 5.6% 5.9% 5.9% 6.2% Owners Dwelling & Real Estate 50, , , , , , , % 4.6% 4.9% 4.7% 4.6% 4.7% 4.7% Private Services 84, , , , , , , % 8.1% 8.7% 8.4% 8.5% 8.6% 9.1% Government Services 50, , , , , , ,926.0 Source: National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), Philippines. 4.7% 4.4% 4.6% 4.3% 4.1% 4.1% 4.3% Private Services 7.8% Owners Dwelling & Real Estate 4.7% Finance 4.8% Share in Sectoral Value Added, 2003 Government Services 4.7% Agriculture, Fishery & Forestry 19.8% Mining & Quarrying 1.6% Private Services 8.6% Owners Dwelling & Real Estate 4.7% Finance 5.9% Share in Sectoral Value Added, 2008 Government Services 4.1% Agriculture, Fishery & Forestry 18.3% Mining & Quarrying 1.7% Trade 16.6% 24.3% Trade 16.8% 23.2% Trans., Comm. & Stor. 8.1% Source: NSCB, Philippines. Electricity, Gas & Water 3.2% 4.3% Trans., Comm. & Stor. 8.9% Electricity, Gas & Water 3.2% Source: NSCB, Philippines. 4.6% 1

4 Table 2: World Merchandise Exports (Thousand USD, Current Prices) Total All Products 38,078, ,150, ,208, ,231, ,680, ,254, ,410, ,465, ,077, ,435,801.9 All Food Items 1,814, ,791, ,829, ,172, ,322, ,504, ,589, ,981, ,650, ,943,357.3 Food 1,763, ,738, ,767, ,056, ,158, ,314, ,405, ,790, ,414, ,687,961.8 Beverages & Tobacco 50, , , , , , , , , ,395.5 Agricultural Raw Materials 211, , , , , , , , , ,634.8 Ores, Metals, Precious Stones & Non-Monetary Gold 779, , , , ,028, ,003, ,423, ,977, ,966, ,737,062.0 Ores & Metals 616, , , , , , ,105, ,737, ,546, ,503,753.3 Fuels 505, , , , , , ,092, ,415, ,608, ,637.3 Coal, Coke, & Briquettes , , ,056.9 Petroleum, Petroleum Products & Related Materials 437, , , , , , ,047, ,243, ,400, ,626.6 Gas, Natural & Manufactured 67, , , , , , , , , ,953.8 Electric Current : : : : : : : : : : Manufactured Goods 34,758, ,228, ,175, ,514, ,585, ,734, ,826, ,835, ,540, ,790,951.6 Chemicals 339, , , , , , , ,019, ,123, ,295.2 Machinery & Transport Equipment 28,990, ,871, ,806, ,103, ,160, ,691, ,947, ,224, ,030, ,623,725.7 Iron & Steel 25, , , , , , , , , ,724.9 Textile Fibres, Yarn, Fabrics & Clothing 2,859, ,654, ,664, ,539, ,444, ,588, ,898, ,535, ,214, ,703,646.6 Other Manufactured Goods 5,428, ,020, ,996, ,003, ,963, ,489, ,113, ,592, ,386, ,203,930.6 Source: UNCTADStat. Data presented according to SITC Rev.3 and standard UNCTAD product groupings. 2

5 Table 3: World Merchandise Imports (Thousand USD, Current Prices) Total All Products 37,007, ,943, ,091, ,575, ,102, ,487, ,077, ,995, ,419, ,877,737.3 All Food Items 2,598, ,672, ,896, ,753, ,108, ,431, ,648, ,238, ,514, ,287,506.5 Food 2,405, ,463, ,649, ,477, ,852, ,169, ,391, ,992, ,234, ,036,969.7 Beverages & Tobacco 192, , , , , , , , , ,536.8 Agricultural Raw Materials 505, , , , , , , , , ,694.7 Ores, Metals, Precious Stones & Non-Monetary Gold 966, , , ,022, ,207, ,280, ,515, ,696, ,624, ,820,469.7 Ores & Metals 914, , , , ,093, ,162, ,294, ,471, ,328, ,606,472.0 Fuels 4,095, ,585, ,417, ,990, ,985, ,536, ,299, ,883, ,803, ,654,221.6 Coal, Coke, & Briquettes 141, , , , , , , , , ,769.2 Petroleum, Petroleum Products & Related Materials 3,675, ,236, ,090, ,593, ,499, ,967, ,606, ,834, ,582, ,635,506.5 Gas, Natural & Manufactured 277, , , , , , , , , ,946.0 Electric Current : : : : : : : : : : Manufactured Goods 28,832, ,326, ,464, ,404, ,376, ,809, ,188, ,743, ,044, ,801,815.6 Chemicals 2,976, ,806, ,893, ,213, ,498, ,610, ,974, ,229, ,166, ,482,659.5 Machinery & Transport Equipment 20,921, ,942, ,969, ,017, ,482, ,608, ,364, ,706, ,896, ,540,831.3 Iron & Steel 986, , ,080, ,159, ,317, ,485, ,284, ,299, ,730, ,237.9 Textile Fibres, Yarn, Fabrics & Clothing 1,497, ,366, ,370, ,283, ,276, ,332, ,464, ,405, ,081, ,823.8 Other Manufactured Goods 4,934, ,577, ,602, ,173, ,395, ,589, ,848, ,808, ,980, ,778,324.8 Source: UNCTADStat. Data presented according to SITC Rev.3 and standard UNCTAD product groupings. 3

6 Employment by Major Economic Activity (thousands) Total Employment 29, , , , , , , , % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry 9, , , , , , , , % 33.1% 32.5% 31.7% 31.7% 31.4% 30.8% 31.1% Fishing 1, , , , , , , , % 3.9% 4.1% 4.3% 4.3% 4.4% 4.3% 4.2% Mining and Quarrying % 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 2, , , , , , , , % 9.5% 9.6% 9.7% 9.5% 9.4% 9.1% 8.6% Electricity, Gas and Water Supply % 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 1, , , , , , , , % 5.3% 5.5% 5.4% 5.3% 5.1% 5.3% 5.4% Wholesale and Retail Trade 5, , , , , , , , % 18.7% 18.3% 18.6% 19.0% 19.0% 18.9% 18.9% Hotels and Restaurants % 2.3% 2.4% 2.5% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.8% Transport, Storage, Communications 2, , , , , , , , % 7.2% 7.5% 7.7% 7.6% 7.6% 7.7% 7.6% Financial Intermediation % 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% Real Estate, Rental, Business Services % 1.8% 2.1% 2.2% 2.3% 2.4% 2.6% 2.8% Public Administration, Defence 1, , , , , , , , % 4.8% 4.6% 4.7% 4.6% 4.6% 4.6% 4.9% Education , , % 3.1% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% Health and Social Work % 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% Social and Personal Services % 2.9% 2.8% 2.6% 2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.4% Private Households Employment 1, , , , , , , , % 4.4% 4.6% 4.7% 4.7% 4.9% 5.2% 5.1% Extra-Territorial Organizations % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Note: Persons aged 15 years and over. Excl. regular military living in barracks. Sectors are classified according to ISIC Rev.3, as reported in ILO Laborsta. Sum of individual sectors may not equal total due to rounding. Total employment is comprised of all persons above a specific age who during a specified brief period were either in paid employment at work, with a job but not at work, or self-employed. This category covers not only employees (wage earners and salaried employees), but also employers, own-account workers, members of producers cooperatives, contributing family workers and workers not classifiable by status. Data are nonseasonally adjusted. Source: ILO Laborsta. Health & Social Work 1.1% Education 3.2% Public Admin. & Defence 4.7% Real Estate & Bus. Serv. 1.8% Fin. Int. 1.0% Trans., Storage, Com. 7.3% Hotels & Rest. 2.3% Share in Employment, by Sector, 2001 Social & Pers. Serv. 3.1% Wholesale & Retail Trade 18.0% Source: ILO Laborsta. 5.4% Priv. Households 4.2% Extra-Ter. Orgs. 0.0% Agr., Hunt.,& For, 33.3% Fishing 3.9% 10.0% Elec., Gas & Water 0.4% Mining & Quarrying 0.4% Health & Social Work 1.1% 3.1% Public Admin. & Defence 4.9% Real Estate & Bus. Serv. 2.8% Fin. Int. 1.1% Trans., Storage, Com. 7.6% Hotels & Rest. 2.8% Wholesale & Retail Trade 18.9% Source: ILO Laborsta. Share in Employment by Sector, 2008 Education Priv. Households Social & Pers. 5.1% Extra-Ter. Orgs. Serv. 2.4% 0.0% 5.4% Agr., Hunt.,& For, 31.1% Fishing 4.2% Mining & Quarrying 0.5% 8.6% Elec., Gas & Water 0.4% 4

7 Table 5: Paid Employment in (thousands) Recycling Furniture; NEC Other Transport Equipment Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers Precision Instruments, Watches and Clocks Communication Equipment and Apparatus Electrical Machinery, Apparatus NEC Office, Accounting, Computing Machinery Machinery and Equipment NEC Fabricated Metal Products NEC Basic Metals Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products Rubber and Plastics Products Chemicals and Chemical Products Petroleum Refining and Related Products Printing and Publishing Paper and Paper Products Wood and Wood Products Leather Products and Footwear Clothing Textiles Tobacco Products Food Products and Beverages Note: Persons aged 15 years and over. Excl. regular military living in barracks. Sectors are classified according to ISIC Rev.3, as reported in ILO Laborsta. Sum of individual sectors may not equal total due to rounding. Paid employment refers to workers in jobs where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration which is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work, typically wages and salaries. Data are non-seasonally adjusted. Source: ILO Laborsta. Table 6: Average Actual Weekly Working Hours by Economic Activity 2000 Total Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry Fishing Mining & Quarrying Electricity, Gas & Water Supply Wholesale & Retail Trade Hotels and Restaurants Transport, Storage & Communications Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities : Public Administration & Defense : Education : Health & Social Work : Other Community, Social & Personal Service Activities : Households with Employed Persons : Extra-Territorial Organizations & Bodies : Source: ILO Laborsta. Sectors are classified according to ISIC Rev.3, as reported in ILO Laborsta. Sum of individual sectors may not equal total due to rounding. 5

8 Table 7: Average Daily Wage by Economic Activity (Pesos) Total Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry Fishing Mining & Quarrying Electricity, Gas & Water Supply Wholesale & Retail Trade Hotels & Restaurants Transport, Storage & Communications Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities Public Administration & Defense Education Health & Social Work Other Community, Social & Personal Service Activities Households with Employed Persons Extra-Territorial Organizations & Bodies , Source: ILO Laborsta. Sectors are classified according to ISIC Rev.3, as reported in ILO Laborsta. Sum of individual sectors may not equal total due to rounding. 6