Livelihood Presentation. Tim Frankenberger TANGO International May 2008

Transcription

1 Livelihood Presentation Tim Frankenberger TANGO International May 2008

2 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework KEY N = Natural F = Financial Ph = Physical H = Human S = Social P = Political VULNERABILITY CONTEXT Policy Social Economic Political Environmental Infrastructure Demographic Historical P S ASSETS N H F Ph Influence and Access TRANSFORMING STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES STRUCTURES s of Government Private Sector Civil society Laws Policies Culture Institutions PROCESSES STRATEGIES Production and Income Household resource investment strategies* Processing, Exchange and Marketing Coping Strategies I n o r d e r t o a c h i e v e OUTCOMES Nutritional Food Income Education Health Habitat Social Network Personal Safety Environmental Life Skills Capacity * Decisions regarding use of tangible and intangible household assets (consumption needs, health needs, education, shelter) Adapted from DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (1999) and CARE Household Livelihood Framework (2002)

3 HOUSEHOLD SECURITY: A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS CONTEXTS, CONDITIONS AND TRENDS RESOURCES INSTITUTIONAL PROCESSES & ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES STRATEGIES SUTAINABLE OUTCOMES Policy Nutritional Social Economic Political Environmental Infrastructure Demography Historical Natural Financial Physical Human Social Political State Formal Civil Society Informal Civil Society Private Sector Production and Income Processing, Exchange and Marketing Risk Management Strategies Food Income Education Health Habitat Social Network Safety Environmental Life Skills Capacity Contextual analysis of conditions and trends and assessment of policy setting livelihood resources; tradeoffs, combinations, sequences, trends institutional/organizational influences on access to livelihood resources and composition of livelihood strategy portfolio livelihood strategy portfolios and pathways outcomes and trade-offs

4 Risk and Vulnerability Analytical Framework Information Needs I Analysis II Analysis Program Design Targeting Monitoring/ Evaluation Contextual/ External Community Household Intra-household Hazard/ Risk Inventory Risk Management (ex ante) Risk Coping (ex post) Outcomes Vulnerability Current vulnerability (snapshot) Opportunities / Resilience Human Capability Protected and Enhanced Livelihood Capacities Protected and Enhanced Community Resiliency Protected and Enhanced Target Criteria (vulnerabilit ies) Outcomes Indicators of Risk and Vulnerability Integrated Humanitarian Information Systems

5 Examples of the Association between Risks, Shocks and s Hazards/ Risks Drought, flooding, pests, land degradation. Animal disease Disease epidemics (malaria, cholera, dysentery), AIDS Policy changes, discrimination, unequal access to resources Macro- economic policies, market and trade War, violence, discrimination Sectors Environmental Health Social Economic Conflict Livelihood s Shocks Physical Climatic activity destroys physical capital Asset divestiture, loss of capacity to provide public services Asset divestiture Conflict leads to destruction of physical infrastructure, stolen or destroyed Natural Destruction of land & resources, Price shocks, rapid inflation, food shortages Appropriation and loss of common property resources, increased theft Price shocks, rapid inflation, food shortages Conflict leads to loss of land, assets and theft

6 Hazards/ Risks Drought, flooding, pests, land degradation. Animal disease Disease epidemics (malaria, cholera, dysentery), AIDS Policy changes, discrimination, unequal access to resources Macroeconomic policies, market and trade War, violence, discrimination Sectors Environmental Health Social Economic Conflict Social Recurring environmental shocks breakdown ability to reciprocate Morbidity and mortality affect networks Breakdown of labor reciprocity, breakdown of sharing mechanisms Shift to institutional forms of trust, stricter loan collateral requirements Communities displaced by war, theft leads to breakdown in trust Economic Seasonal climatic fluctuations reduce employment, crop loss Employment policies, declining subsidies Unemploymen t, falling real wages, price shocks Marketing channels disrupted by war Human Declining public health expenditures, declining education expenditures Breakdown in community support of social services, unequal access to services Privatization of social services, reduction in labor opportunities Conflict destroys social infrastructure, mobility restrictions