Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) as a Tools & Techniques and Situation Analysis

Transcription

1 Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) as a Tools & Techniques and Situation Analysis Dr. Sandeep Kumar Raut Town & Country Planning Organisation Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs Mobile: , dr.sandeepraut@gmail.com

2 What is PRA? Participatory method to gather/ collect information by involvement of Rural/ local communities for decision making and implementation of the Project. for the Rural community, by the Rural community and with the Rural Community. An approach and methods for learning about rural life and conditions from, with and by rural people. (Chambers 1994)

3 WHY PRA? Success of the Project is very high due to sense of ownership and belongingness. Empowerment of people through participation Respect for human dignity. Community develop their own skills for decision making. Creating the opportunity for individuals to exercise their right.

4 VILLAGE PLANNING PERSPECTIVE? How does Villages make itself as Sustainable Community Space IMPACTS Economic Viable Village Self Sustained Infrastructure COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN Planned Development Growth Impetus Adequate Infrastructure Quality of Life Control Regulation Answer is People Participation through PRA techniques.

5 Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) and community participation at all stages of the project: Before the project: at collection of data stage For Evaluation and monitoring of the project PRA COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION During the implementation stage of the project After the complication of projects for administration

6 Before Going to Village POINTS TO REMEMBER.Principles of PRA

7 Before Going to Village POINTS TO REMEMBER.Principles of PRA Reversal of learning To learn from the local people Learning rapidly and progressively Exploration, flexible methods, adaptable Offsetting bias To be receptive rather than preconceived ideas Optimizing tradeoffs Understanding the usefulness of information Triangulating Sharing Crosschecking and approximation To discuss and argue about ideas in open forum with all stakeholders.

8 ON THE FIELD/ VILLAGE..STEPS OF PRA Transect Walk (Systematic walks and observation); Participatory Mapping (Sketch maps drawn on site); Diagramming (Seasonal Calendars, Venn diagrams, bar charts, chapati diagrams, Calendars) Innovation assessment (Matrices, scoring and ranking different actions)

9 TRANSECT WALK EXAMPLE

10 TRANSECT WALK

11 TRANSECT WALK..EXAMPLE

12 TRANSECT WALK.EXAMPLE

13 COMMUNITY MAPPING THROUGH JOINING TRANSECT WALK

14 PARTICIPATING MAPPING N W S E

15 PARTICIPATING MAPPING.EXAMPLES

16 RESOURCE MAPPING.EXAMPLES

17 VENN DIAGRAM

18 VENN DIAGRAM

19 CALENDARS.EXAMPLES

20 CALENDARS.EXAMPLES Historical Profile

21 CALENDARS.EXAMPLES

22 CALENDARS.EXAMPLES

23 MATRICES.EXAMPLES

24 MATRICES.EXAMPLES

25 TYPES OF PRA MAPPING SPACE MAPPING Social and Resource Mapping Mobility map Services and Opportunities mapping Transect Mapping PRA MAPPING TIME MAPPING Timeline / Calendars Trend Analysis Historical Profile Seasonal Diagram RELATION ANALYSIS Social Effects, Impact, network Diagram, Process Map, Well Being, Ranking, Venn Diagram, Ranking, Matrix, Pie, Livelihood analysis, Spider Diagram, Administrative System.

26 Gainthikhata Panchayat Gainthikhata Panchayat is located 25 Kms. away from Haridwar towards Najimabad on the NH-74. The Panchayat consists of five villages, viz Gainthikhata, Gujjarbasti, Lal Dhang, Chidiyapur and Norangbad with a population of approximately Gainthikhata Village In three days visit to the Gaindikhata Panchayat the survey team visited two villages i.e. Gainthikhata and Gujjarbasti. The team met the villagers, Sarpanch, Teachers and Patwari of the Panchayat and done primary survey which include RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal) based on UBA questionnaire and performed PRA (Participatory rural appraisal) exercise in these two villages.

27 Gainthikhata Village Participatory Mapping Inviting a meeting. Brainstorming the issues PM begin with sun rise direction (for north) Choose the respondent from the community Asking the respondent to draw important landmarks of village (for example his own property) With reference to objective of the project PRA team ask about the issues and problems. Various colours of pen should be use for different land uses or infrastructure (for example, red for problems, green for forest, yellow for houses black for roads etc.

28 Gainthikhata Village Participatory Mapping There are many ways that this technique can be adapted to get at specific types of information that may be of interest to a particular project. The territorial map would explore the villages resources and potentials A regional map give information of neighboring villages for common resources or other resources in large areas like hospital, college etc. Historical map, Family resource map, Cultural map, disaster management map, Flood map, soil fertility map, connective map etc.

29 Gainthikhata Village Participatory mapping CIVIL FOREST JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT FLOODING AREAS AND ISSUES RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION HOUSES ROAD RELATED ISSUES SOIL FERTILITY ISSUES COMMUNITY FOREST CIVIL FOREST NORTH

30 Transect Walk Observation. FODDER STORAGE REFLECTS THE WEALTH RANKING NON FUNCTIONAL BIO GASS PLANT

31 Gainthikhata Village : Outcome Total population is around with apporimatley1500 household Located k.m from NH-74 (few household do live near the NH-74) with a pakka road constructed in the year of still in a good condition. No conveyance (any public or private ) available to travel from village to NH-74 except own vehicle and some villagers go by walk to NH-74. Six primary Government school and six private primary schools are running successfully Six Anganwadi centers are also running successfully. No government hospital, no veterinary hospital and no any training centre is located in the village of Gainthikhata. Solar street lights are installed by the new sarpanch of the village. The internal road is constructed in 2010 but the present situation of the same is not good. The width of the road is approximately 10ft.

32 Issues and solution desired by Gainthikhata Villagers Issues Problem of drinking and irrigation water Slope and flood Seed depot Cold storage LOSSING SOIL FERTILITY Potential Good production of Jamun, Interventions Condition of Interior Road Check dam on Nala /jhor Irrigation work Drinking water Cold storage Approach Road River join Ganges cause Heavy floods

33 Gujjarbasti Village The village Gujjarbasti is located on the other side of the NH-74, opposite to the Gainthikhata Village. Gujjarbasti consists of 821 households with a present population of people. The entire village follows a grid iron fashion with a 8 k.m link road which starts from starting of the village to the end of the village. This is a rehabilitated village. In 2002, when Rajaji National Park was in its initial stage of forming, a community named Gujjar community who used to live in the forest, asked to leave the forest peacefully. These jungle nomads were rehabilitated in this village after providing a fixed area of land to the each household for agriculture and for a house to live and they were provided an amount of Rs 2000/HH for travel and basic expenses. Each household were provided an 8200 m2 area of land for agriculture/ fodder and household purpose by the forest department in this village. But there are yet to get the patta of the land. As a result that they can t sell their crops directly into Mandi. Most of the house in the village a hut type shape made by villager themselves and a few of them constructed pukka house. Primary hospital and veterinary hospital are present in the village, but doctors are still not appointed in the both the hospitals, Three primary schools, one junior school and one Aanganwadi are present in the village but no any training centre neither any secondary school established in the village. For secondary education student have to visit Gainthikhata.

34 Gujjarbasti Village Participatory Mapping RESERVED FOREST Housing & Fodder land Houses Fodder HOUSES FLOODING AREAS AN ISSUES Layout design RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE RESERVED FOREST

35 Skill Identification House made by villagers themselves including roof, with local material and low cost.

36 Main Occupation Main occupation of the village is animal husbandry and sale of milk to the surrounding villages and Haridwar City.

37 Social Infrastructure and Religious Institution As Gujjarbasti Village is rehabilitated villages nearly every new village settled here have their own religious center but only one madrasa. Madrasa Masjid

38 Local Rivulet creating major floods Nala entering form the reserved forest and during raining seasons cause heavy floods Inside the village Nala tanning work is undertaken Nala tanning work is not undertaken at the entrance of the village is the main cause of floods in the village

39 Issues and solution desired by Gujjarbasti Villagers Issues Flooding in link Road and Approach Road Land ownership Fodder land to be converted in Agri land and they want to be part of APMC High school/ veterinary hospital / Doctor Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan: water pollution Health Issue due polluted Drinking water Link Road flooding Link Road flooding Potential Specialization in Animal Husbandry and milk products Rope making and house making by using local material Being forest dwellers, good knowledge of medicinal plants Interventions They want a self help group micro finance High potential for setting up a milk chilling plant Bund construction along the Nahar Nala tanning work along the link road Condition of social infrastructure

40 A planning process has six basic stages: GOLES AND OBJECTIVES BASIC RESEARCH/ ANALYSIS PLAN FORMULATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING AND EVALUATION MID TERM REVIEW RRA: Basic interaction with the local community PRA Mapping and Information collection Community participation with stakeholder and experts Discussing Proposal with the Community Making Management Group from the representative of different village community

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