New Developments in Nutrition Research for Canola

Transcription

1 New Developments in Nutrition Research for Canola C. A. Grant, B. Beres, S. S. Mahli, D. Pageau and J. Lafond, Jeff Schoenau, Fran Walley John Heard, Don Flaten, Brian Hellegards, Tarlok Singh Sahota

2 Canola has a large demand for N, P and S Demand increases with increasing yield potential Producers apply an average of 79.5 lbs of N, 25.8 lbs of P, 4.9 lbs of K and 13.6 lbs of S (Canola Council 2009 Survey) P is most efficient if seed-placed S may be seed-placed as well Application rate often limited by crop safety

3 Study Objectives 1. What are safe rates of P and S blends that can be seed-placed across a range of environments? 2. Do traditional and enhanced efficiency P and S fertilizers differ in their effect on seedling damage, nutrient use efficiency, crop yield, and canola quality when applied alone and in blends across a range of environments? 3. How does preceding crop (flax, wheat or canola) influence canola yield, crop quality and rate of N and S fertilizers needed for optimum crop yield and quality and soil quality parameters (aggregation, microbial activity, penetration resistance)? 4. How do various novel S fertilizer sources influence canola yield and quality for biodiesel production?

4 Study Team AAFC B. Beres (Lethbridge), S. S. Mahli (Melfort). C. A. Grant (Brandon), D. Pageau and J. Lafond (Normandin) Outside AAFC Jeff Schoenau and Fran Walley (U. of S.), John Heard (MAFRI), Don Flaten (U. of Man.), Brian Hellegards (Kellburn Farm), and Tarlok Singh Sahota (Thunder Bay Research Centre)

5 Study 1: Field assessment of seed-placed P and S combinations P sources were ammonium polyphosphate (APP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), Coated MAP and MicroEssentials S15 at 0, 20 and 40 kg phosphate/ha S sources were ammonium sulphate, ammonium thisulphate (ATS), MicroEssentials S15 and rapid release sulphur (RRS) at 0, 9 and 18 kg S/ha Studies were established at Lethbridge, Brandon, Carman, Thunder Bay, and Normandin (will add Kellburn farm in 2011) Carman site had to be reseeded late in the season and the Lethbridge site was compromised due to wet conditions.

6 High moisture reduced toxicity at most sites At Brandon P alone did not lead to stand damage 18 S as AS or ATS reduced stand with greater damage when applied with 40 P Control MAP/AS APP/ATS CP/AS S15 MAP/RRS Stand Density (plants/sq. m) P-0S 0P-18S 40P-0S 40P-18S

7 Effect varied with location At Carman damage occurred with MAP but not with other P sources or with S alone Damage was greater with MAP + AS Control MAP/AS APP/ATS CP/AS S15 M AP/RRS 70 Stand Density (plants/sq. m)

8 Damage occurred at Normandin with both P and S At Normandin, stand density also decreased with increasing rates of ammonium sulphate and MAP Most damage occurred with highest rates of MAP and AS Stand Density (plants/sq. m) Control MAP/AS CP/AS S15 M AP/RRS 0 0P-0S 0P-9S 0P- 20P- 20P- 20P- 40P- 40P- 40P- 18 S 0S 9S 18 S 0S 9S 18 S

9 Brandon Site was Highly S-Responsive

10 Brandon Site also Responded to P

11 Seed yield at Brandon increased with S and P Yield increased to 40 kg MAP or coated P Yield was optimum with 9 kg of S Yield was higher with MAP/AS than with APP/ATS Highest yield with balanced P and S 3.5 Cont rol MAP/AS APP/ATS CP/ AS S15 MAP/RRS Seed yield (t/ha) P-18S 20P-9S 40P-0S 40P-9S 40P-18S

12 Effect varied with location At Normandin, seed yield also increased with S Highest yield was with moderate or high P + S Coated P may be beneficial in combination with higher S rates MicroEssentials S15 performed well 3.5 Control MAP/AS CP/AS S15 M AP/RRS Seed Yield (t/ha) P-0S 0P-9S 0P- 20P- 20P- 20P- 40P- 40P- 40P- 18 S 0S 9S 18 S 0S 9S 18 S

13 S and P toxicity under controlled conditions 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg S as ammonium sulphate alone or in combination with 15 or 40 kg P 2 O 5 as MAP Fertilizer placed in seed-row with seed-bed utilization of about 10% Open pollinated Argentine, Hybrid Argentine, Polish, and Mustard Canola (B. juncea), along with Camelina and Carinata Emergence, biomass yield and nutrient uptake measured 2 weeks after emergence

14 Canola Emergence Testing Under Laboratory Conditions Jeff Schoenau and Ron Urton

15 Emergence declined with S rates above 20 kg/ha % Emergence as (% of unfertilized control) -Sensitivity varied with cultivar and species -Adding kg MAP increased damage further Victory Sulphur Rate (kg/ha)

16 Preceding crop effects on canola response to N and S Flax, wheat and canola as preceding crops in year 1 (2010) Canola will be seeded in year 2 (2011) 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha -1 as ESN + urea 0, 15 and 30 kg S ha -1 as ammonium sulphate Sequence will be repeated in Lethbridge, Brandon, Carman, Kellburn, Thunder Bay, Normandin Lethbridge site lost due to wetness in 2010 will reestablish in 2011 Effect of crop type on soil quality factors such as penetration resistance, aggregation, and microbial dynamics are being assessed by Fran Walley

17 Feasibility of rapid release micronized elemental S (RRMES-G) in preventing S deficiency in hybrid canola for diesel (Malhi) 1. Control 2. RRMES-G Broadcast Fall 3. RRMES-G Broadcast Spring Pre-Till 4. RRMES-G Broadcast Spring Pre-Emergence 5. RRMES-G Seed-Placed Spring Sideband 6. RRMES-G Seed-Placed Spring Seedrow- Placed Study was established at Melfort in fall of no results yet

18 Conclusions Toxicity can occur with seed-placed S or N, although wet conditions limit damage Combinations increase toxicity Coated or slow-release products are less damaging than MAP or AS Cultivars and species differ in their sensitivity Toxicity at higher application rates can restrict seed yield

19 Next Steps Continue second year of seed-placed fertilizer studies in laboratory and field Conduct canola phase of preceding crop N and S management study and prepare preceding crops for study Evaluate impact of preceding crops on soil physical properties Conduct first year of Rapid Release S biodiesel project Complete seed chemical and quality analysis

20 Thank You for Your Attention