Breeding better quality wheat and barley

Transcription

1 Breeding better quality wheat and barley Steve Jefferies CEO, AGT

2 Overview 1. Background to Australian wheat quality Who/what controls quality of wheat? 2. How do we breed better quality wheat? 3. Expected major wheat variety changes 4. Barley variety accreditation in Australia 5. Expected major barley variety changes

3 Wheat production in Australia 13.4 million ha 1.9 t/ha 25.2 million tn (last 5 year average including durum) Predominantly spring white wheat planted from April to June Harvest from October to January Variations in quality are a function of variety mix and environment

4 Wheat production in Australia High protein production areas

5 What/who is responsible for quality? Characteristic Primary influence Secondary influence Protein Content Environment Grower Tertiary influence Breeder Moisture Grower Environment Screenings Environment Grower Breeder Test weight Environment Grower Breeder Falling number Environment Grower Breeder Un-millable material Other contaminants Grower Grower

6 What/who is responsible for quality? Characteristic Primary influence Secondary influence Tertiary influence Grain Hardness Breeder - Environment Milling yield Breeder - Environment Flour colour Breeder - - Water Absorption Breeder Environment Grower Dough properties Breeder Environment Grower Starch Quality Breeder - Environment YAN quality Breeder Environment Grower Baking quality Breeder Environment Grower Class

7 What/who is responsible for quality? Characteristic Primary influence Secondary influence Protein Content Environment Grower Moisture Grower Environment Tertiary influence Breeder Screenings Environment Grower Breeder Test weight Environment Grower Breeder Falling number Environment Grower Breeder Un-millable material Other contaminants Grower Grower Grade

8 Hard-grained classes APH AH APW & ASW APWN From R.Williams, CBH

9 Difference between Class and Grade Wheat breeders focus on the quality targets defined by Australian wheat quality CLASSES not grades (receival standards) Max Class Most important varieties APH Gregory Suntop Spitfire Sunvale Baxter Wedgetail AH Mace Yitpi Livingston Kord Scout Derrimut APW Corack Trojan Wyalkatchem Magenta Justica Westonia

10 Area planted to varieties of different classes Class Qld NNSW SNSW Vic SA WA APH 95% 90% 65% * * - AH 5% 10% 25% 90% 90% 70% APW/ASW <1% <1% 5% 10% 10% 15% ANW % * Some area planted to varieties eligible for APH in Qld/NSW but not in Victoria, SA and WA eg Chara, Wallup, Wedgetail

11 Hard Grade/Class Cascading Class Grade >13.0% Protein APH >11.5% Protein AH AH1 AH2 >13.0% Protein >11.5% Protein >10.0% Protein APW APW1 >10.5% Protein APW2 >10.0% Protein ASW

12 Quality Traits Breeders Need to Manipulate in hard wheat Grain, Milling and Dough Quality Screenings Test weight Hardness Milling yield Bran content Flour brightness Flour yellowness Water absorption Dough Development time Dough Mixing stability Dough Strength Dough Extensibility Peak Viscosity Baking Quality - 3 different baking methods Loaf volume Crumb colour Appearance Texture YAN/Ramen Quality Noodle sheet brightness Noodle sheet yellowness Change of brightness Change of yellowness Yield Texture, bite and mouth feel

13 Selection for Quality at AGT Two fully equipped in-house laboratories Junior milling and Buhler milling Dough rheology mixograph farinograph extensograph SDS RVA HMW and LMW glutenins Whole grain NIR DNA technology End product testing 2,000 potential new varieties assessed each year

14 Most important breeding targets for bread and YAN/Ramen noodle Milling extraction Flour colour (Minolta b*) Water absorption Dough properties - Strength & extensibility Balanced dough properties Baking Straight dough, sponge and dough, and rapid dough YAN/Ramen noodle Primary focus on colour (brightness stability)

15 The AGT Breeding Funnel Year 1 Year 2-4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 1,000 parent combinations 200,000 20,000 2,

16 The AGT Breeding Funnel Year 1 Year 2-4 Year parent combinations 200,000 20,000 Grain Size and Confirmation + DNA, SDS, Glutenin, Jn Mill/Mixo Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 2, Buhler Mill, Dough Rheology + End Products + End Products Final Classification and Variety Release

17

18 Wheat breeding industry in Australia Breeder Owners Estimated market share* AGT Intergrain GRDC, Limagrain, SARDI, University of Adelaide GRDC, Department of Agric. and Food WA, Monsanto 46% 9% Longreach Pacific Seeds, Syngenta 9% Dow Dow 1% Bayer Bayer 0% Other Various <1%

19 Expected major changes to wheat varieties in Australia Suntop LPB Flanker Suntime

20 Expected major changes to wheat varieties in Australia Suntop Beckom Condo LPB Flanker

21 Expected major changes to wheat varieties in Australia Scepter LPB Trojan Cutlass

22 Expected major changes to wheat varieties in Australia Scepter Cutlass Zen (Noodle) Supreme (Noodle) LPB Trojan

23 Baking wheats Australia can produce North American style baking wheat varieties DNS CWRS AGT elite varieties

24 Barley production in Australia 7.5 million tn Mostly in southern cropping areas where cooler temperatures and lighter soils low protein

25 Australian Barley Breeding Breeder AGT Intergrain University of Adelaide Shareholders or partners GRDC, Limagrain, SARDI, Uniof Adelaide GRDC, DAFWA, Monsanto University of Adelaide Major varieties La Trobe, Flinders, Spartacus CL, Baudin, Gairdner, Bass Schooner, Sloop, Flagship, Fleet, Commander, Fathom, Compass Seedforce RAGT RGT Planet Comments Commenced barley breeding 2014 Collaboration with Syngenta Collaborations with Secobra, Saparo, Heineken and Carlsberg Edstar genetics Grainsearch Elders Granger, Henley Former arrangement with Nickersons UK Farmer owned company Westminster Far

26 Barley variety accreditation Managed by Malting Barley Industry Barley Technical Committee (MBIBTC) and technical committee reporting to Barley Australia Lab data provided by breeders At least 2 years of commercial scale malting This year Rattler, Litmus, Compass and Spartacus CL

27 New malt barley varieties Compass New yield benchmark in Australia Similar quality to Commander Flinders Excellent Malt extract and good modification High DP Very high fermentability Low wort viscosity

28 New malt barley varieties La Trobe Excellent Malt extract High DP Very high fermentability Low wort beta glucan and viscosity