AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center:

Transcription

1 AVRDC-: Role of Horticulture in Poverty Alleviation Mubarik Ali Agricultural Economist

2 AVRDC-

3 Mission: Alleviate poverty and malnutrition in the developing world through increased production, marketing and consumption of safe vegetables

4 Poverty-A A Global Challenge About 1.1 billion people live on less than US$1 per day Another 1.6 billion lives between 1-2US$ per day

5 Poverty-A A Global Challenge Population (billion) Population living on under $1 a day Rest of the world East Asia Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia Year

6 Poverty-A Global Challenge Figure 2. Poverty map for less than one dollar a day Percentage of people

7 Poverty-A Global Challenge Poverty map for less than two dollars a day Percentage of people

8 Micronutrient deficiency- Another Global Challenge 2 billion affected by micronutrient deficiency 1.5 billion by iron deficiency million preschool children severely affected by vitamin A deficiency million deaths annually

9 Why Vegetables-Healthy Diets AVRDC Recommendation = minimum required level is 100 g per day or 73 kg per annum

10 Why Vegetables? Little hope from traditional agricultural production because of declining prices and reduced farm holding

11 Why Vegetables? Per capita vegetable availability Taiwan Japan Vietnam India Thailand Sri Lanka Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Indonesia Bangladesh Minimum required level Kg/capita/annum

12 Why Vegetables? Vegetable supply/cap/yr (Kg) 160 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Chad Uganda Mali Tanzania Togo Côte d'ivoire Senegal Nigeria Source: FAOSTAT data, 2005.

13 Why Vegetables An engine for economic growth Vegetables: Create jobs Generate higher incomes Alleviate malnutrition Improve learning capacities Improve role of women

14 Why Vegetables-Alleviate poverty A. Providing farm employment Crop Days/ha Vegetable Cereal Bangladesh Cambodia Laos North Vietnam South Vietnam Source: Ali and Abedullah, 2002

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16 INPUT USE ON VEGETABLES Input use on vegetables versus cereals Input/Crop South Vietnam Laos Cambodia Bangladesh Pesticide (No. of spray) Vegetables Cereals Irrigation (No.) Vegetables Cereals Fertilizer (kg/ha) Vegetables Cereals Cash cost (US$/ha) Vegetables Cereals

17 ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE DIVERSIFICATION Resource use efficiency Crop/input S. Vietnam Laos Cambodia Bangladesh Land (US$/ha) Vegetables Cereals Labor (US$/labor day) Vegetables Cereals Water (% return on water cost) Vegetables Cereals Benefit-cost ratio (%) Vegetables Cereals

18 ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE DIVERSIFICATION Yield Technical efficiency Vegetable farmer Y 1 Y 2 Non-vegetable farmers Y 1 >Y 2 by 20% X Inputs

19 A. Efficient Nutrient Source Philippines Bangladesh Rice Beef Chicken Fish Carrots Pakchoi Pepper Soybeans English Spinach Horse Radish 4.87 * Jute Leaves Amaranth * 8.61 Efficiency = Nutritive value (US$/100g) / Average price (US$/100g) * Implies that the commodity was not consumed in the survey area

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21 RESEARCH UNITS

22 Genetic Resource Unit Collect Germplasm Exchange Germplasm Characterization of germplasm Standardized collections Indigenous knowledge

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24 Breeding Program Paul Gniffke (pepper) Peter Hanson (tomato)

25 Tomato leaf curl virus Bacterial wilt Breeding Priorities Tomato Antioxidants Heat tolerance

26 Anthracnose Breeding Priorities Pepper Viruses Phytophthora blight Heat tolerance

27 Diseases/Insects Breeding Priorities Cucurbits Landraces Export markets Nutraceuticals

28 Onion storage Indigenous leafy vegetables Anti-oxidants Summer broccoli Breeding Priorities Misc.

29 Integrated Pest-Management 1. Biological control 2. In-host plant resistance 3. Cop Management strategies 4. Optimizing the chemical use

30 Economics and Nutrition 1. Dynamism in the horticulture sector 2. Ex-ante and ex-post Impact of vegetable and vegetable technologies (income, employment, nutrition, etc.) 3. Role of vegetables in the farming system (peri( periurban, rice-based, upland). 4. Prioritization of horticulture research. 5. Methods to enhance bioavailability from vegetables

31 CROP MANAGEMENT AVRDC Develop sustainable vegetable technologies which can enhance small farmers income without damaging environment (Organic Agriculture)

32 Training Activities AVRDC

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34 MULTILATERAL NETWORKING SAVERNET REDCOHR AVERNET

35 Private Sector Another link connecting AVRDC with farmers 72% of vegetable seed companies in Asia use improved lines from AVRDC APSA, Bayer, CropLife fund research

36 ACHIVEMENTS AVRDC

37 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Germplasm Accession collected = No. of species = 343 Package distributed = 20,000/year No. of countries = Over 80 Varieties released No. of varieties released = 322 No. of countries = 55

38 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Multiple Disease Resistant, high yielding, and mildly pungent Chili Varieties

39 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Heat Tolerant Tomato

40 Cherry Tomato AVRDC ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH

41 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Processing Tomato

42 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH High-Beta Carotene Tomato

43 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Heat Tolerant Cabbage

44 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH High Yielding Vegetable Soybean

45 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH High yielding, YMV Resistant, Short Duration, and synchronized Mungbean Varieties

46 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH AVRDC s grafting method 570,000 grafted tomato seedling during 2000 valued at 2.3 million NT$

47 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Grafted cherry tomato with eggplant rootstock in net house

48 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Non-circulating Hydroponics for Small farmers

49 ACHIEVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Diamondback moth Parasite of DBM 12 85

50 ACHEIVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Training the national partners Training at ARC/AVRDC On the job training

51 ACHEIVEMENTS OF AVRDC RESEARCH Number of trainees trained Headquarter/ Regional Center Headquarter ARC, Thailand RCA, Arusha 608 0

52 Tsunami Relief Project AVRDC

53 IMPACT AVRDC

54 Log of Production Log of area (000ha) Production Pre-innovation period = t 1 Area Innovation period = t t 2 Innovation period = t t 2 Pre-innovation period= t 1 AVRDC Impact of AVRDC in Bangladesh Trend in vegetable production Year

55 IMPACT OF VEGETABLE RESEARCH Improvement in seasonal vegetable supply in Taiwan Price index Month

56 IMPACT OF AVRDC 25,000 vegetable gardening kits to Sri Lanka and Indonesia APSA donated 5,500 kg of seeds Distribution by NARES

57 IMPACT OF AVRDC RESEARCH Economic surplus IARC Economic surplus in billion US$ Producers Consumers Total AVRDC IRRI ICRISAT Source: Asian Development Bank (2000)

58 Learning More AVRDC

59 AVRDC

60 Thank you

61 Illustrated Issues AVRDC

62 Indigenous Vegetables AVRDC

63 GMOs AVRDC

64 Seed Production and Quality

65 Seed Sources AVRDC

66 OP vs Hybrid AVRDC

67 Pesticides Misuse AVRDC

68 Diseases AVRDC

69 Insects AVRDC

70 Year-round round and Protected Production

71 Transportation AVRDC

72 Post Harvest & Marketing Chain

73 Cold Chain AVRDC

74 Supermarkets AVRDC

75 Traditional Markets

76 New Initiatives Organic vegetable production Cucurbit & onion breeding Private Sector Partners Global Horticultural Needs Assessment Hort CRSP Global Horticulture Initiative

77 Learning More AVRDC

78 AVRDC

79 Thank you

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81 A Growing Center New Scientists and Management Jackie Hughes DDG - Research Chang Yin-fu DDG A&S Leonidas Fereol CIRAD Allium Embryologist Hidekazu Sasaki JIRCAS Functional Properties of IV R. Srinivasan Post-Doc Entomology Manuel Palada Head Crop Management M. Takahashi JIRCAS Legume Breeding Virginie Levasseur Mali Coordinator AVRDC-WARDA R. Mavlyanova Central Asia Coordinator Peter Juroszek Organic Veg Production Ehsanullah Ehsan Afghanistan Coordinator IPM Outreach Coordinator