Ilse Köhler-Rollefson LPP/LIFE

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1 D u e D ilig e n c e t o L iv e lih o o d s a n d B io d iv e r s it y in t h e G A A Ilse Köhler-Rollefson LPP/LIFE

2 For example, the introduction of advanced genetics, feeding systems, and animal health protection have enabled industrialized countries, over the past four decades, to reduce their overall land requirements for livestock by 20%, while at the same time doubling total meat production

3 But at what cost? Social loss of rural income opportunities, increased unemployment rates. Biodiversity loss both domestic animal diversity and floral diversity Routine application of antibiotics and other additives Animal welfare

4 In Germany

5 Looking just at GHG as indicator of sustainability is not enough and misses out equally or more important criteria!

6 1 litre milk GH G 1 litre milk GH G Biodiversity q Risk reduction q Soil and water quality q Adaptability to change q Employment q High input large-scale systems Low input systems

7 reducing overall land requirements for livestock by Is this a proper indicator? 20%? Consider this: Livestock does not require land of ist own it can be integrated. The role of livestock is to use land that can not be used for crop-production Land that is not grazed, loses productivity and biodiversity (e.g. Inner Mongolia)

8 Mobile sheep production in India s drylands

9 Mobile pig keeping in high rainfall India

10 Buffalo and camel keeping in coastal India

11 Use of alpine pastures in India

12 Livestock keepers becoming extinct? In India, the most rapid growth in livestock population has been among large landholders, and concerned especially industrial poultry units. On the other hand, the number of stock owned by the landless, including small ruminants, pigs, and poultry, is decreasing dramatically (Chacko in FAO,2010). In Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) the number

13 Consolidation and debt in Europe Dairy farmers in Denmark ,8 0 0 d a i r y produc ers 3,7 8 0 d a i r y p r o d u c e r s Debts average 2.25 million/per farm 19,000/per cow

14 Livelihoods and biodiversity are closely interlinked The Interlaken Process that led to the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources (GPA) firmly established that small-scale livestock keepers are essential for

15 Origin of Livestock Keepers Rights The term Livestock Keepers Rights was first coined by Civil Society in 2002 to flag the role of livestock keepers in animal genetic resource management. It took ist cue from Farmers Rights as known from the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. More closely defined in series of consultations by and with about 500 representatives of livestock keeping communities from Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe that took place in Kenya, India, Italy and Ethiopia In the process, 7 cornerstones of Livestock Keepers Rights were identified that would enable livestock keepers to continue managing AnGR LPP/LIFE-Network

16 Livestock Keepers Rights In the process, three principles and four rights of supporting livestock keepers, livelihoods and biodiversity were iddentified.

17 Principle1 Recognition of livestock keepers as creators of breeds and custodians of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture

18 Principle 2 Recognition of the dependency of the sustainable use of traditional breeds on the conservation of their respective eco-systems.

19 Example Chilka buffalo breeders in Orissa, India LPP/LIFE-Network

20 Principle 3 Recognition of traditional breeds as collective property, products of indigenous knowledge and cultural expression.

21 L PP/L I FE-N e t w o r k

22 Right 1 The right of the livestock keepers to make breeding decisions and use their genetic material, without fear of misappropriation and interference through Intellectual Property Rights

23 Right 2 Right of livestock keepers to participate in policy making processes on animal genetic resource issues

24 Right 3 Support for training and capacity-building of livestock keepers and provision of services along the food chain.

25 Right 4 Right to be involved in the identification of research needs (on their breeds) LPP/LIFE-Network

26 The Seven Rights # 1: Recognition of livestock keepers as creators of breeds and custodians of AnGRFA/ backbone of food security # 2: Recognition of the dependency of the sustainable use of traditional breeds on the conservation of their respective eco-systems/ linkage between food security and land (access)rights #3: Recognition of traditional breeds as collective property, products of indigenous knowledge and cultural expression/ recognition of pastoralism for its potential to produce food. #4:The right of the livestock keepers to make breeding decisions #5: Right of livestock keepers to participate in policy

27 LKR already have formal/informal support: Most of the principles and rights are reflected in existing international agreements, including the Right to Food, Interlaken Declaration, the GPA, the UN CBD and the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Experiences. Livestock Keepers Rights were identified as an issue that needs to be addressed at a meeting held in Wageningen in

28 Explicit backing of Livestock Keepers Rights by the Sustainable Livestock Agenda would be an important step in paying due diligence to social issues, livelihoods, and biodiversity conservation.

29 For more information about Livestock Keepers Rights: 3t13.pdf Please also check out our policy brief Capitalizing on pastoralism to feed people and achieve livestock sector sustainability

30 Thanks to For participation of pastoralists in GAA: