Agriculture to Climate Variability. Commissioner Agriculture, Punjab

Transcription

1 Strategy to adapt Punjab Agriculture to Climate Variability Dr B S Sidhu Dr. B.S. Sidhu Commissioner Agriculture, Punjab

2 Punjab Agriculture: Basic Characteristics Intensively cultivated area with dominance of rice-wheat crop pattern, double cropped, irrigated and high use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides Cropping intensity: 189% (India: 138%) Production of rice and wheat (lakh tonnes) Rice Wheat Irrigated area: 98% (India: 45%) -Through surface water: 27% -Through groundwater:73% N+P+K use: 243 kg/ crop ha (India: 135 kg/crop ha) Area under rice-wheat rotation: 80.5% of cropped area Productivity/annum of paddy+ wheat: 11.2 t/ha ( ) Source: Official Statistics, Govt. of Punjab and GOI Year 2

3 Climate Variability Weather means the condition of atmosphere are over short period of time Climate means the behaviour of atmosphere over relatively eat eylonger period of time. Climate variability is the change in long term average of daily weather. Variability in weather parameters particularly in rainfall Variability in weather parameters particularly in rainfall and temperature has a major impact on agriculture productivity both in short term and long term.

4 Punjab: Variation in Monsoon Rainfall (June to September) Period: Years (Periodicity) ormal (%) Varia ation from n

5 Punjab: Excess and Deficient Rainfall Years

6 Punjab: Withdrawal of Monsoon September ber of Days from 15 th S Numb Both the normal on-set and withdrawal of Monsoon are changing

7 Punjab: Linear trends temperature ( ) Mean max 0.17deg c Mean min 0.27deg c Years (1901 to 2013) Years (1901 to 2013)

8 Growing water scarcity for agriculture Irrigation Water Demand : 4.93 m ha-m Irrigation Water Availability: 3.48m ha-m Irrigation water deficit : 1.45m ha-m 2 Average annual rainfall declining i Increase in number of tubewells (for better control of water supplies and higher profit lac in 1970 to lac in 2011) Decline in water table (area with depth to water table >20 mgbl increased from 29 sq.km. in 2000 to sq.km in 2011) Use of more power for pumping (5100 MU in to MU in ) Increased private investment (replacement of centrifugal pumps with submersible) Increasing subsidy bill of the government (>Rs.5000 crore annually) Water scarcity is growing in the face of increasing demand-supply gap and decreasing rainfall.

9 Policy initiatives for adaptation Groundwater legislation (enacted Punjab Preservation of Sub-soil Water Act, 2009 to ensure timely planting of paddy) Crop diversification (shift about 1 million ha from paddy to alternate crops viz. maize, cotton, basmati rice and agro-forestry) Laser Land Leveling Crop Residue Management Resource conservation technologies minimum tillage, direct seeding rice, on-farm storage and use of solar power Efficient use of available supplies Micro Irrigation (Drip and Sprinklers), Underground Pipeline System, FIRB, Tensiometer, Capacity Building of Stake holders

10 Consequently the rate of depletion of GW has declined Period Average decline Average Rainfall (cm) (cm/year) Less Rainfall Area under rice( + 3 lakh ha) New tube wells ( 2.5 lakh) More rainfall New tube wells ( 1.5 lakh) Preservation of Sub-soil Water Act-2009 But is it enough.? Source: PAU

11 Thanks

12 Time trend of 20 years mean weekly water deficit at Ludhiana ALTERATION IN CROP CALENDER Recommended Date of Paddy Transplantation EVEL (CM) IN WATER LE DEPLETION I Dpy Transplant Paddy after 15 th June, then net recharge and net draft balance each other in case rainfall is normal (648 mm) Back

13 Laser assisted land leveling Area lac ha No. of Machines Uniform water application 9370 Larger plot size and better water use efficiency Better crop stand and lesser weeds Reduction in GHG emission Better nutrient use efficiency Back Numb ber of Laser Lev vellers Years

14 Crop Residue Management to check burning Distribution of Balers, Choppers, Rotavator, Happy Seeders on subsidy Establishment of Agro Service Centers (1509 established) Reduction in GHG emissions Back