Evaluation of the Green Sustainable Development Ability of Chengdu Agriculture Based on Entropy Method Yuejie Xiao a and Hong Tang b,*

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1 2018 3rd International Conference on Society Science and Economics Development (ICSSED 2018) ISBN: Evaluation of the Green Sustainable Development Ability of Chengdu Agriculture Based on Entropy Method Yuejie Xiao a and Hong Tang b,* (College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu ) a wptaq11231@126.com, b @qq.com Keywords: Sustainable Development of Green Agriculture; Index System; Entropy Method; Chengdu City Abstract: Agricultural green sustainable development is a necessary condition to ensure long-term economic and social development in China. Based on the data of agricultural economy and society, resources and environment, this paper uses the entropy method to evaluate the sustainable development of green agriculture in Chengdu from 2011 to The results show that the overall capability of agricultural green sustainable development in Chengdu shows an upward trend year by year, and the index of development has risen from in 2011 to in The trend of each subsystem varies from each other. The sustained development of the economic system has the fastest growth rate, with an annual growth rate of 61.81%, followed by the improvement of the environment, whereas there is a greater pressure on the of resources. Although the impact of resources on sustainable agricultural development is on an upward trend, the resource index for 2016 is , which is still at a low level. In order to comprehensively enhance the level of agricultural green sustainable development in urban areas, the paper puts forward some countermeasures such as establishing a system of agricultural productivity distribution, establishing a standard system of green agriculture, and improving management and control of agricultural resources and environment. 1. Introduction Agriculture is the basic industry of our country's economic development [1]. The agriculture sustainable development is a necessary condition for ensuring the long-term development of our national economy. After reform and development for about 30 years, China's agriculture has made great strides in structural optimization and efficiency improvement [2]. However, challenges and contradictions are also constantly gathering: the long-term overdraft and over-exploitation of agricultural resources, the aggravating agricultural non-point pollution and the ecological environment carrying capacity is closely to the limit. Agricultural green sustainable development is the inevitable requirement and the main direction of the structural reform of agricultural supply side. Therefore, China has issued a series of documents on promoting the sustainable development of agriculture including "National Plan for Sustainable Agricultural Development ( )" and "Opinions on Innovative Institutional Mechanisms to Promote Agricultural Green Development", stressing that it is necessary to fully establish a green eco-environment oriented system and basically form an agricultural development pattern that is compatible with the carrying capacity of resources and environment and coordinate with the production and living ecology [3]. Foreign countries pay more attention to the construction of agricultural sustainable evaluation index system and the development of models, mainly including PSR model, DSR model, and Hengsdktich agricultural system quantitative evaluation system [4-5] ; The United States put forward "low external input" and "high efficiency" mode of agricultural sustainable development [6] ; France adopts the development mode of "environment-friendly and sustainable agriculture" [7]. Chinese scholars also carried out a more extensive study, and some scholars tried to establish a national index system of agricultural sustainable development evaluation [8-9], evaluated and compared the sustainable development of agriculture in different regions of China, and provided corresponding environmental policy [10-11]. In the field of ability assessment of agricultural sustainable development, 153

2 many domestic scholars carried out research based on the perspective of the whole country and the province. However, no scholars have used entropy method to study the problem of agricultural green sustainable development in Chengdu, and the research time about the agriculture sustainable development in Sichuan province basically is before the "12th Five-Year Plan" [12-13]. In addition, Chengdu, as a center city in the western region, undertakes the important task of leading and promoting economic and social development and transformation. The research on the ability of sustainable development of agriculture in Chengdu can provide references for the sustainable development of agricultural agriculture in many western cities. 2. Research area overview Chengdu is the provincial capital of Sichuan province, the first batch of modern agricultural demonstration zones determined by the State Council, the science and technology center, commercial and trade center, financial center and transportation and communication hub in Southwest. Pingba, hills, mountainous landform types are distributed in Chengdu city area. Pingba reaches square kilometers, accounting for 35.3% of the total land area of the city, accounting for much higher than the national 12% and Sichuan province 2.54%. Chengdu is rich in soil resources, mainly is paddy, Chao, purple and yellow soil, which is located in Dujiangyan gravity irrigation core area and rich in water resources, with an average annual water resources of billion cubic metre [14]. Chengdu is subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of about 16. In 2016, the permanent resident population in Chengdu was million, with a GDP of trillion yuan, an economic growth rate of 7.7%, higher than the national average of 1.0%. From 2011 to 2016, the urbanization rate increased from 61% to 70.6%, and average annual growth is of 1.92%, far higher than the national average of 0.81% growth. With the rapid economic development in Chengdu, the constraints on resources and environment in the region are increasingly aggravated. The per capita arable land area has decreased from 0.04 to 0.03 hm 2 / person [15]. At the same time, Large-scale livestock, intensive farming exacerbated the separation of planting and breeding, which increased risk of environmental pollution. Researching on the capability of agricultural green sustainable development in Chengdu helps to comprehensively promote the sustainable development of agriculture in urban areas. 3. Data sources and research methods 3.1 Data source The data of this paper are mainly from "Chengdu Statistical Yearbook (General)" ( ), "Chengdu Statistical Yearbook (district and county)" ( ), Sichuan Rural Statistical Yearbook ( ), "Sichuan Provincial National Economy and Social Development Statistics Bulletin ( )" and Chengdu Agriculture Commission related report information. 3.2 The evaluation method of agricultural sustainable development Index System Construction Following the principle of scientificness, systematization, operability, comparability and hierarchy, with reference to the existing evaluation indicators, combining with the actual situation of agricultural industry in four aspects of economy, society, resources and environment, under the premise of being easy to quantify, we select the following evaluation indicators (Table 1). The evaluation index system includes 16 indicators that can represent the capacity of sustainable development of agriculture. Among them, the economic sustainable subsystems include 4 indicators: per capita net income of farmers, agricultural land productivity, agricultural labor productivity and agricultural mechanization. Social subsystems include urbanization rate, agricultural scale operation level, the number of agricultural technicians owed by people, the percentage of agricultural research funding accounting for GDP; subsistence resources system includes per capita arable land, effective irrigation index, water and energy consumption per output value; environmental subsystems include the utilization intensify of fertilizer, pesticide, forest coverage and straw. 154

3 Table 1. Agricultural sustainable development capacity index system in Chengdu. criterion layer index layer unit direction implication economic social resources environmental per capita net income of farmers agricultural land productivity agricultural labor productivity [yuan] + [yuan/hm 2 ] + [yuan/person ] agricultural mechanization [kw/hm 2] + urbanization rate [%] + agricultural scale operation level the number of agricultural technicians the percentage of agricultural research funding accounting for GDP + [hm 2 /person] + [person/ten thousand] + [%] + reflects the average income of rural residents Gross Agricultural Output / Total Cultivated Land the first industrial output value / primary industry employed population agricultural machinery total power / arable land non-agricultural population / total population cultivated area / total agricultural labor force agricultural technicians / total population agricultural Research Funding / Gross Regional Product per capita arable land [hm 2 /person] + total arable land / total population effective irrigation index [%] + water consumption energy consumption the utilization intensify of fertilizer the utilization intensify of pesticide [m 3 /ten thousand] [Kwh/ten thousand] [kg/hm 2 ] - [kg/hm 2 ] effective irrigated area / total arable land area agricultural water consumption / gross agricultural output agricultural electricity consumption / gross agricultural output fertilizer application / Total cultivated area pesticide application / Total cultivated area forest coverage [%] + the degree of greening the comprehensive utilization of straw [%] + comprehensive utilization of straw quantity / total amount of rural straw Data analysis methods The entropy method is an objective weighting method that determines the weight of each index based on the information provided by the index observations. Based on the original information from the objective environment, entropy weighting method determines the weight of the index by analyzing the information provided by each index, to a certain extent, to avoid the bias caused by the subjective factors and to obtain a more scientific and reasonable evaluation result. The calculation steps are as follows: (1) Firstly, the original data are dimensionless treated by using the range method, equation (1) and equation (2) respectively are the normalized and negative index standardization formulas, where X is the original data of the jth indicator in year i; X max and X min are the maximum and minimum values of the i-th year indicator respectively. XMin(X ) R (1) Max(X ) Min(X ) Max(X ) X R (2) Max(X ) Min(X ) (2) Calculate the information entropy E j, Formula (3) and (4) show that P is the proportion of the jth indicator value in year i, and R is the normalized value. 155

4 E P ln(n) 1/ Pln( P) j i1 m R i1 R m (3) Calculate the weight of each indicator W j. 1 E j j m (1 E ) j1 j (4) Calculation of agricultural sustainable development: 4 f(a) jr f f f j1 8 (b) jr j5 12 (c) jr j9 16 (d) jr j13 a f b f c f d (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) f f (10) ƒ shows the comprehensive capacity for sustainable development, the larger value of ƒ is in this region, the capacity for sustainable agricultural development is stronger. 4. Results and analysis 4.1 The subsystem of sustainable development ability analysis (1) The sustainable development of agricultural economy From 2011 to 2016, the level of sustainable development of agricultural economy in Chengdu continued to rise, and the sustained growth of the economic system witnessed the fastest growth rate with an annual growth rate of 61.81%. This shows that Chengdu has made great progress in improving agricultural efficiency, increasing farmers' incomes and promoting agricultural production. The statistics also show that the output value of the primary industry in Chengdu increased to billion yuan in 2016, up by 3.35% over the same period of last year, and the per capita net income of rural residents was 20,397 yuan, up by 15.30% over the same period of the previous year. Through analyzing the original data, it is found that there are obvious differences in the growth rate of each index of the economic subsystem. The fastest growing average net income of farmers is 16.46%, followed by agricultural land productivity and agricultural labor productivity, which are respectively 5.18% and 4.91%, the slowest annual growth rate is the degree of agricultural mechanization, which is 4.77%. This shows that the economic growth in Chengdu relies mainly on the input of factors, and there are problems such as the lack of agricultural technology and the inefficient allocation of land resources. (2) The sustainable development level of agricultural society From 2011 to 2016, the sustainable development level of agricultural society ranked the third among all subsystems. Its level dropped sharply in 2012, down from the previous year, and then continued to increase. The average annual growth rate of development level was 26.69%. From the indicators of the sustainable development subsystem of agricultural society, the urbanization level and the number of agricultural technicians owned by 10,000 people increased rapidly. The scale of agricultural scale operation dropped to 1.49 hm 2 / person in 2012 and then remained 156

5 basically stable. This shows that with the deepening reform in rural areas, science and technology in rural areas of Chengdu are gradual being improved and peasants living standards increased year by year, which laid a good foundation for rural social development. However, the proportion of agricultural research funding accounting for GDP did not significantly improve, basically maintained 1.52% in all years, the importance of agricultural research to social development should be fully recognized. (3) The level of sustainable development of agricultural resources Agriculture is highly dependent on natural resources and resource protection is the guarantee of sustainable agricultural development. Table 2 shows that the average annual growth rate of the sustainable development of agricultural resources in Chengdu is 60.95%, and the impact of resources on the sustainable development of agriculture is on an increasing trend as a whole. The per capita arable land area in Chengdu dropped from 0.04 hm 2 / person in 2011 to 0.03 hm 2 / person in 2016, indicating that Chengdu should attach great importance to the impact of population growth on land resource pressure. The proportion of effective irrigation area reached 97.08% in 2016, the water consumption of 10,000 yuan output value was basically stable, and the energy consumption of 10,000 yuan output value dropped significantly, which have a positive and favorable impact on the sustainable development of agriculture in Chengdu. (4) The sustainable development of agricultural environment In , the level of environmental in Chengdu shows an upward trend (Figure 1). In 2012, there was a sharp rise, rising to , and then shows a steady rise. Since the beginning of 2008, the central government started to set up transfer payment funds for key ecological function zones of the country. Governments at all levels in Chengdu also continuously strengthened the protection and supervision of rural ecological environment and gradually increased funding support for environmental protection, which was main reason for rap improvement in agricultural environment. The amount of fertilizer and pesticide per hectare of cultivated land in Chengdu dropped from kg and 13.36kg in 2011 to kg and 11.13kg respectively in 2016, with an average annual decline rate of 2.62% and 2.61%. Forest coverage did not change significantly, with an average annual growth rate of only 1.17%, while the comprehensive utilization of straw increased by an average annual rate of 19.04%. It shows that the uses of pesticides and fertilizers are being rationalized, the recycling rate of resources is enhanced, and the pollution of agro-ecological environment in Chengdu will be further improved. year Table 2. The value of agricultural sustainable development of subsystem in Chengdu economic social resources environmental comprehensive ability of sustainable development Comprehensive capability analysis of agricultural sustainable development In recent years, the level of sustainable economic and environmental has shown a positive trend, with relatively low levels of resource and relatively high levels of social, with comparatively greater volatility. The comparative analysis shows that the overall capability of agricultural sustainable development and economy sustainable show a closely related relationship, which are affected by the fluctuations of economic benefits, mainly due to the higher weights of indicators such as per capita net income of farmers, agricultural labor productivity and agricultural land productivity. The comprehensive ability of agricultural sustainable development shows a significant upward 157

6 trend year by year, from in 2011 to in It can be seen that since the "12th Five-year Plan", all levels of government have attached great importance to the sustainable development of agriculture. With the input of capital and environmental protection, the agricultural economy has maintained rapid growth and the environmental pressure has been improved. 5. Conclusions and Recommendations In this paper, through the establishment of evaluation index system, using the entropy method, the dynamic change trend of agricultural green sustainable capacity in Chengdu was obtained. Specific conclusions are as follows: (1) The overall capability of agricultural green sustainable development in Chengdu shows an upward trend year by year. The index of development in Chengdu has risen from in 2011 to in The results show that the mode transformation of agricultural economic development and the implementation of environmental protection policies and energy conservation and emission reduction measures have improved the ecological pressure. (2) From the sub-system evaluation index point of view, the trend of different subsystems vary from each other. From 2011 to 2016, the level of sustainable agricultural economic development in Chengdu continued to rise, and the of the economic system witnessed the fastest growth with an annual growth rate of 61.81%, followed by environmental improvement. The level of environmental increased sharply in 2012, rising to , and then rose steadily; the pressure of resource is greater, although the impact of resources on sustainable development of agriculture is on the rise, by 2016, the resource index was , still at a relatively low level. In order to comprehensively enhance the level of agricultural green sustainable development in urban areas, Firstly, the system of agricultural productivity distribution should be established. Secondly, a green agricultural standard system may be established. Thirdly, agricultural resources and environmental control system should be improved. Acknowledgement This article is the Sichuan Education Department Humanities and Social Science Project (project number: 16SA0007); Sichuan Philosophy and Social Science Research of the 12th five-year Plan Base Project (project number: SC13E097); Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education Project (project number: 17YJC630136) granted. References: [1] Xin and Hu, Evaluation of Agriculture Sustainable Development Level in China, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015, 17(04): [2] Sun, Wang, Huang, Xiao and Jiang. Evaluation of Sustainable Development from the Perspective of Agriculture Supply-side, Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2017, 38(08):1-7. [3] Sun, Wang, Huang and etc., Study on Evaluation of Agricultural Sustainable Development from the Perspective of Supply-side Structural Reform, Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2017, 38(08):1-7. [4] FAO. Sustainable food and agriculture. [5] Hardi P, Barg S. Measuring sustainable development:review of current practice, Toronto: International Insitute for Sustainable Development, [6] Liwei Liu. Sustainable Development Model of Agriculture in Developed Countries, Ecology Economy, 2006, (10):

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