A self- created drawing, collage, or computer generated picture of your creature.

Transcription

1 Protein Synthesis Project 40 pts Part I Due Date Part II Due Date Objectives: I can demonstrate how the genes in DNA are transcribed through RNA polymerase into mrna and translated by ribosomes, mrna, rrna, trna and amino acids into a protein that represents a particular trait in an organism. I know how mutations in DNA can affect the expression of a protein as a trait. Introduction: Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, such as hair color and blood type. Genes are lengths of DNA molecules that determine the structure of polypeptides (the building blocks of proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in polypeptides, and thus the structure of proteins. In a process called transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell, messenger RNA (mrna) reads and copies the DNA s nucleotide sequences in the form of a complementary RNA molecule. Then the mrna carries this information in the form of a code to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place. The code, in DNA or mrna, specifies the order in which the amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide. The code words in mrna, however, are not directly recognized by the corresponding amino acids. Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (trna) is needed to bring the mrna and amino acids together. As the code carried by mrna is read on a ribosome, the proper trnas arrive in turn and give up the amino acids they carry to the growing polypeptide chain. The process by which the information from DNA is transferred into the language of proteins is known as translation. Project Requirements: l Your project will result in an artistic model of a creature from a series of genes that must first undergo transcription and translation to yield a set of traits. l Part I: Completed worksheet of creature traits You and your partner must first check with your instructor that the genes of the creature have been properly decoded. Part I must be completed and approved by your instructor before you can proceed to Part II. l Part II: A poster of your creature A self- created drawing, collage, or computer generated picture of your creature. Procedures: 1. To determine the traits for each gene of your creature, fill in the following information for each box, beginning with Chromosome 1 in the Data Table. 2. On the next set of lines below, write the sequence of nucleotides of mrna that are complementary to DNA sequence (TRANSCRIPTION). 3. Then in the next boxes, write the sequence of nucleotides of trna that are complementary to mrna sequence (TRANSLATION) you just decoded. 4. Match each codon with the specific amino acid by using a decoding chart such as one on page 244 Figure 8.13 in your book. Record this information in the appropriate place in the Data Table. 5. Using Figure 1, find the trait that matches the amino acid sequence. Record information in the Data Table. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 6 for the remaining chromosomes. 7. Your creature will also experience one of several mutations that can be found in Figure To determine your mutation the instructor will roll a die. 9. Add the mutation to your creature s DNA in red pen/pencil and you may or may not choose to display it on your poster.

2 Data Table: Chromosome 1 DNA mrna Chromosome 2 DNA mrna Chromosome 3

3 Chromosome 4 DNA mrna Chromosome 5 Figure 2 Mutations Type 1: Chromosome 2, - Deletion: No Eyes Valine- Threonine- Stop Type 2: Chromosome 2, - Substitution: No Color/Pigment Leucine- Stop Type 3: Chromosome 3, - Inversion: Missing Limb Proline- Serine- Tryptophan Type 4: Chromosome 2, - Insertion: One Light and Dark Colored Eye Valine- Glycine- Cysteine Type 5: Chromosome 1, - Duplication: Gigantic Size Tyrosine- Tyrosine Type 6: No Mutation Chromosome 1 s Figure 1 - Body Shape Amino Acid Sequence - Body Covering Amino Acid Sequence Slim/Low Activity Serine- Glycine- None Tyrosine- Proline- Valine Muscled/High Activity Serine- Glycine- Cysteine Hair/Fur Tyrosine- Serine- Valine Plump/Sedentary Serine- Glutamine- Leucine Scales Glutamic Acid- Serine- Valine Feather Glutamic Acid- Proline- Valine - Body Size Amino Acid Sequence - Skin Type Amino Acid Sequence Small Isoleucine Smooth Glycine- Glycine- Glycine Medium Proline Wrinkled Glycine- Proline- Proline Chromosome 5 s Large Tyrosine Bumpy Proline- Proline- Proline - Special Amino Acid Sequence - Special Amino Acid Sequence Tail - Arginine- Threonine Horn(s) Threonine- - Histidine Antenna Isoleucine- Alanine- Tyrosine Color changing skin Serine- Isoleucine- Proline More than two eyes Glutamine- Proline- Tryptophan Two heads Whiskers Glycine- Alanine- Valine Compound eyes (fly s eye) - Arginine- Glutamic Acid- Glutamic Acid- Proline

4 Chromosome 2 s Figure 1 (Continued) - Skin Pigment Amino Acid Sequence - Coloration Amino Acid Sequence Light Phenylalanine- Phenylalanine Two- Tone Leucine- Histidine- Histidine Medium Phenylalanine- Arginine Bright (Warning) Leucine- Histidine- Isoleucine Dark Arginine- Arginine Subdued (Camouflage) Leucine- Threonine- Serine - Pattern Amino Acid Sequence - Eye Color/Size Amino Acid Sequence None Striped Spotted Splotchy/Calico Chromosome 3 s Tyrosine- - Glutamine- Valine - Glutamine- Dark (Brown/Black) Medium (Light Brown/Green) Light (Blue/Hazel) Large Medium Small Valine- Threonine- Glycine Valine- Threonine- Leucine Valine- Threonine- Cysteine Alanine - Defensive Amino Acid Sequence - Offensive Amino Acid Sequence Shell/Armor Spines Poisonous Glycine- Arginine- Threonine- Lysine Valine- - - Tyrosine Tyrosine- Phenylalanine- Leucine- Histidine Teeth/Fangs Claws Stinger/Barb Glutamine- - Arginine Alanine- - Arginine Valine- - - Appendages Amino Acid Sequence - Appendage Type Amino Acid Sequence 2 Limbs Proline- Tryptophan- Serine Paws/Feet Isoleucine- Lysine- Tyrosine 4 Limbs Proline- Tyrosine- Tyrosine Fins/Flippers Isoleucine- Cysteine- Glycine 6 Limbs Proline- Tyrosine- Wings and Feet 8 Limbs Chromosome 4 s Proline- - Pincers/Claws Isoleucine- - Tyrosine Isoleucine- Alanine- Threonine - Facial Features Amino Acid Sequence - Mouth Size Amino Acid Sequence Big Nose Phenylalanine- Serine Narrow Histidine- Valine Medium Nose Serine- Phenylalanine Wide Histidine- Serine Small Nose Valine- Phenylalanine Short Arginine- Phenylalanine No Ears Long Arginine- Arginine Short Ears Alanine - Mouth Type Amino Acid Sequence Long Ears Lysine Beak Jaws Sucker Cysteine- Phenylalanine- - Alanine Cysteine- Phenylalanine- Isoleucine- Serine Cysteine- Arginine- Lysine- Histidine

5 Protein Synthesis Project Rubric Section Points Possible Points Earned PART I: Protein Synthesis Creature Worksheet The worksheet has been correctly completed by the due date by both project partners (or on your own) PART II: Creature Poster / 10 pts Includes all the required traits illustrated on your creature / 5 pts Colorful and neat, not on lined/binder paper / 5 pts Your name(s), period and due date are on the back of the poster Extra Credit Includes your mutation on your poster and a one sentence description of what +4 Total Points 40