FF-IP. Operating ph range : 0 to 14

Transcription

1 FF-IP Description INDION FFIP is a Type 1 strong base, unifunctiona anion exchange resin in bead form, containing trimethy benzy ammonium groups. It is based on cross-inked poystyrene and has an isoporous structure. INDION FFIP has a very high basicity. It is effective in removing weak acids such as siica and carbon dioxide and recommended in two stage/mutipe stage or mixed bed de-ionising, where high quaity de-ionized water and owest siica residuas are desired. In addition INDION FFIP demonstrates stabiity to high temperature regeneration required for minimum siica eakage. It has a high reversibe capacity for the natura organic matter present in some surface waters, with exceent resistance to fouing by this organic matter. Characteristics Appearance : Transucent red brown beads Matrix : Styrene -EDMA copoymer Functiona Group : Benzy trimethy amine Ionic form as suppied : Choride Tota exchange capacity : 1. meq/m, minimum Moisture hoding capacity : 47-% Shipping weight * : 68 kg/m, approximatey Partice size range :. to 1. mm > 1. mm :.%, maximum <. mm : 1.%, maximum Uniformity co-efficient : 1.7, maximum Effective size :.4 to. mm Maximum operating temperature : 6 C in OH form Operating ph range : to 14 9 C in C and other forms Voume change : C to OH,1-1 % Resistance to reducing agents : Good Resistance to oxidizing agents : Generay good, chorine shoud be absent * Weight of resin, as suppied, occupying 1 m in a unit after backwashing and draining

2 Appications De-ionising Two stage de-ionising INDION FFIP is used as the anion exchanger in the second stage of a de-ionising pair with INDION cation exchange resin in the first stage. When used in a two stage de-ionising pant, upstream of a mixed bed unit, INDION FFIP wi protect the strong base anion exchanger in the atter unit against organic fouing. At the same time it wi assist in the production of fina treated water with a ow residua of organic matter and siica. Mutipe stage de-ionising INDION FFIP is recommended as the anion exchanger in a mutipe stage de-ionising train with strong acid cation exchange resin and weak base anion exchange resin in the preceding stages to keep operating costs ow. and siica remova efficiency are enhanced if a warm regenerant soution is used. Where pant operating conditions aow, INDION FFIP can be regenerated in this manner. Mixed bed de-ionising If treated water with the owest possibe eve of siica residua is required, two stage/mutipe stage treatment shoud be foowed by mixed bed de-ionsing using INDION FFIP. Typica operating data Two stage/mutipe stage de-ionising Co-fow regeneration Countercurrent regeneration Minimum Bed depth.7 m, minimum 1. m, minimum Treatment fowrate 6 m /h m, maximum 6 m /h m, maximum Pressure oss.. Refer Figure 19 Refer Figure19 Bed expansion Refer Figure Refer Figure Backwash m /h m for minutes or m /h m ti effuent is cear * ti effuent is cear Regenerant Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide (-4% w/v) (-4% w/v) Regenerant fowrate m /h m m /h m Regenerant injection time. minutes minimum minutes minimum Sow rinse... to bv at regenerant to bv at regenerant fowrate fowrate Fina rinse 7. bv at service fowrate bv at service fowrate * After a set number of regenerations 1 bv (bed voume) = 1 m fuid/m resin.

3 Operating Exchange capacity Co-fow regeneration Two stage de-ionising The operating exchange capacity of INDION FFIP when used as the anion exchanger in a two stage de-ionising system is dependent upon: The regeneration eve empoyed The composition of water to be treated, specificay the concentration of minera acid anions (SO /EMA) 4 Siica content (SiO /TA) Exhaustion rate Figure 1 shows typica capacities obtained with a deionising system using INDION strong acid cation exchange resin in the first stage foowed by degasser and INDION FFIP anion exchange resin in the second stage and empoying co-fow regeneration. Effect of suphate and EMA The operating exchange capacities (Figure 1) are shown as a function of regeneration eve for various percentages of SO 4 /EMA and at EMA vaues around 1- ppm CaCO. Effect of siica Capacity deduction data (Figure ) is shown as a function of SO 4/EMA ratio for various percentages of SiO upto %. Effect of exhaustion rate The capacity data is reated to exhaustion times greater than nine hours. Figure shows the variation in c a p a c i t y w i t h e x h a u s t i o n t i m e. In seecting operating conditions of INDION FFIP consideration shoud be given to the expected treated water quaity. Figures 9-1 show average treated water quaity that can be expected from this resin. These are reated to the regeneration eve, the temperature of the regenerant and the ratio of siica to tota anions in the feed. Mutipe stage de-ionising In a mutipe stage de-ionising system, where a strong acid cation exchanger such as INDION is used in the first stage, foowed by a weak base anion exchanger such as INDION 8, preceded or foowed by a degasser and a strong base anion exchanger such as INDION FFIP in series, INDION FFIP treats an infuent water containing predominanty weak acids ike siica and carbon dioxide. Figure 4 gives operating exchange capacity of INDION FFIP, when used in cofow regeneration mode. Countercurrent regeneration (CCR) Two stage de-ionising The operating exchange capacity of INDION FFIP when used as the anion exchanger in a two stage De-ionising system is dependent upon: The regeneration eve empoyed Siica content (SiO /TA) Exhaustion rate Figure shows typica capacities obtained with a deionising system using INDION strong acid cation exchange resin in the first stage foowed by a degasser and INDION FFIP anion exchange resin in the second stage and empoying countercurrent regeneration. The operating exchange capacities (Figure ) are shown as a function of regeneration eve and refer to an end point siica of 1 ppb over the average siica residua obtained during the run. The capacities are determined with a feed containing zero sodium sip and ratio of siica to tota anion of %. Figure 6 gives the correction factor for operating exchange capacity as a function of end-point siica. The capacity data appy to exhaustion times greater than 9 hours. Refer Figure for the variation of capacity with exhaustion time. In seecting operating conditions of INDION FFIP, consideration shoud be given to the expected treated water quaity. Figure 14 shows average treated water quaity that can be expected from the resin. These are reated to the regeneration eve and the ratio of siica to tota anions in the feed with the temperature of regenerant at C.

4 Mutipe stage de-ionising In a mutipe stage de-ionising system, where a strong acid cation exchanger such as INDION is used in the first stage, foowed by a weak base anion exchanger such as INDION 8, preceded or foowed by a degasser and a strong base anion exchanger such as INDION FFIP in series, INDION FFIP treats an infuent water containing predominanty weak acids ike siica and carbon dioxide. Figure 7 gives operating exchange capacity of INDION FFIP, when used in countercurrent mode at various regeneration eves with akai injected at C. The capacities refer to end point siica of. ppm SiO. Figure 8 gives the operating exchange capacity of INDION FFIP, when used in countercurrent regeneration mode at various regeneration eves with akai injected at C. The capacities refer to an endpoint siica of.1 ppm SiO Mixed bed de-ionising When used as the anion exchanger in mixed bed deionising systems the capacity of INDION FFIP is independent of the feed water composition and therefore corresponds to the zero curve in Figure 1. No correction for siica content of the feed water need be made, athough the amount oaded on the resin and hence the voume of water treated between regenerations may need to be adjusted in order to obtain satisfactory siica residua in the treated water (Figures 1-18). Cofow and counter current regeneration The use of sodium hydroxide soution at the recommended fowrate and concentration, resuts in contact time that is favorabe for achieving optimum capacity and eakage characteristics. Thoroughfare regeneration If the strong base anion exchanger is operating with weak base anion resin in the preceding stage, the regeneration process can be conducted in series in the direction of strong base towards weak base anion exchanger to improve the overa regeneration efficiency. The usefu capacity wi be high and siica eakage wi be ow as the strong base resin receives a the sodium hydroxide required for both coumns. The injection is foowed by a sow rinse with water to transfer the residua caustic present in the strong base anion exchanger to the weak base anion exchanger. This method is commony referred to as thoroughfare regeneration. Treated Water Quaity Two stage/mutipe stage de-ionising The quaity of the treated water from a two stage deionising pant using INDION FFIP as the anion exchanger is determined by: The regeneration eve empoyed The temperature of the regenerant used for the anion exchanger The eve of sodium ion eakage from the cation (hydrogen) exchanger The siica to tota anions ratio of the water fed to anion exchanger Sodium ions eaking from the cation exchanger are converted to NaOH, as the water passes through the anion exchange stage. Each mg/1 of sodium eakage, expressed as CaCO, increases the eectrica conductivity of the water eaving the anion exchange stage by approximatey o microsiemens/cm at C. The vaues for siica residua in the treated water at various regeneration eves and temperatures can be obtained from Figures 9-1 for cofow mode of regeneration. The vaues for siica residua in the treated water at various regeneration eves can be obtained from Figure 14, for countercurrent regeneration at a o temperature of C. These vaues assume zero sodium sip and for every mg/i of sodium eakage as CaCO, the residua siica wi increase by 1%.

5 FF-IP Operating Exchange Capacity Co-fow 4 4 TWO STAGE DE-IONISING Figure 1 SO 4 EMA % 1 7 Capacity Adjustment 1..9 CAPACITY ADJUSTMENT FOR EXHAUSTION TIME Figure Leve kg NaOH/m EMA = Equivaent Minera Acidity Exhaustion Time in Hours CAPACITY ADJUSTMENT FOR SiO TA* %.. 1. Figure SiO TA* % 4 4 MULTIPLE STAGE DE-IONISING Figure Leve kg NaOH/m SiO /TA >8% So / EMA % 4 TA* = Tota Anions

6 FF-IP Operating Exchange Capacity - CCR TWO STAGE DE-IONISING Figure MULTIPLE STAGE DE-IONISING Figure Leve kg NaOH/m Leve kg NaOH/m End-point Siica. mg/i SiO /TA* > 8% CORRECTION FACTOR Figure 6 MULTIPLE STAGE DE-IONISING Figure Correction Factor Siica End-point (above average eakage) ppb SiO Leve kg NaOH/m End-point Siica.1 mg/i SiO /TA* > 8%

7 FF-IP Treated Water Quaity TREATED WATER QUALITY - CO-FLOW Residua Siica - Temperature C Figure SiO / TA % 1 TREATED WATER QUALITY - CO-FLOW Residua Siica - Temperature 4 C Figure SiO / TA % TREATED WATER QUALITY - CO-FLOW Residua Siica - Temperature 1 C Figure TREATED WATER QUALITY - CO-FLOW Residua Siica - Temperature 6 C Figure SiO / TA % SiO / TA % TREATED WATER QUALITY - CO-FLOW Residua Siica - Temperature C Figure SiO / TA % TREATED WATER QUALITY - CCR Figure 14 SiO /TA % Leve kg NaOH/m 8

8 Mixed Bed De-ionising A correcty designed and operated mixed bed unit using INDION FFIP with INDION strong acid cation exchange resin wi produce treated water with a conductivity of. microsiemens/cm or ess. When the mixed bed units preceded by two-stage de-ionising, conductivity of.1 mircosiemens/cm is easiy achieved. The siica content of the treated water from a mixed bed unit depends upon the eve and temperature of the regenerant used for INDION FFIP and the siica oading during the treatment run. This oading can be cacuated from the siica content of the feed water and the voume of water treated per run. To maintain any desired siica residua eve in the treated water, reference shoud be made to Figures These graphs give the maximum siica oading that INDION FFIP wi toerate at various regeneration eves and temperatures to maintain the required siica residuas. Typica operating data Mixed bed de-ionising Tota Bed depth Rising space Treatment fowrate Pressure oss. Bed separation. Bed settement. Regenerant Acid injection rate.. Down fow Acid rinse. Down fow. Akai Injection rate.. Upfow.... Akai rinse..... Upfow.... Unit drain down m using INDION FFIP and INDION resin 7% of bed depth 6 m /h m,maximum 1. kg/cm,maximum 9 m /h m for 1 minutes Aow minutes after separation before commencing injection of regenerants Sodium hydroxide for INDION FFIP Hydrochoric acid/suphuric acid for INDION m /h m for 6-1 minutes with -% w/v acid 1. m /h m bv 1. m /h m m /h m for 1-1 minutes with -% w/v akai 4. m /h m 4 bv in 1-1 minutes 4. m /h m Before re-mixing the resin, the water eve shoud be owered to approximatey.4 m above the bed. Bed remix. m /minute m oi free air at.4 kg/cm pressure for 1 minutes Sette bed, refi unit, fina rinse These operations shoud be carried out in such a way to avoid separation of the two resins. Fina rinse to satisfactory water quaity shoud be effected at the treatment fowrate, or at 4 m /h m, whichever is greater. Tota time required is normay about -1 minutes depending upon end point conductivity required.

9 MIXED BED DE-IONISING Residua Siica - Temperature 1 C Figure Residua Siica ppm SiO 9 MIXED BED DE-IONISING Residua Siica - Temperature 6 C Figure Residua Siica ppm SiO MIXED BED DE-IONISING Residua Siica - Temperature C Figure PRESSURE LOSS Figure Pressure Loss bar/m Bed Depth Temperature C Residua Siica ppm SiO Fow Rate m/h MIXED BED DE-IONISING Residua Siica - Temperature 4 C Figure Bed Expansion % BED EXPANSION - Bed Expansion (C form) Figure Temperature C Residua Siica ppm SiO Backwash Rate m/h

10 Buetin R1R Use of good quaity regenerants A ion exchange resins are subject to fouing and bockage of active groups by precipitated iron. Hence the iron content in the feed water shoud be ow and the regenerant sodium hydroxide must be essentiay free from iron and heavy metas. A resins, especiay the anion exchangers are prone to oxidative attack resuting in probems such as oss of capacity, resin cumping, etc. Therefore sodium hydroxide shoud have as ow a chorate content as possibe. Good quaity regenerant of technica or chemicay pure grade shoud be used to obtain best resuts. Packing HDPE ined bags / ts LDPE bags 1cft/ ts Super sack 1 ts Super sack cft MS drums Fiber drums with iner bags 18 ts with iner bags 7 cft Storage Ion exchange resins require proper care at a times. The resin must never be aowed to become dry. Reguary open the pastic bags and check the condition of the resin when in storage. If not moist, add enough cean demineraised water and keep it in competey moist condition. Aways keep the resin drum in the shade. Recommended storage temperature is between o o C and 4 C. Safety Acid and akai soutions are corrosive and shoud be handed in a manner that wi prevent eye and skin contact. If any oxidising agents are used, necessary safety precautions shoud be observed to avoid accidents and damage to the resin. INDION range of Ion Exchange resins are produced in a state-of-the-art ISO 91 and ISO 141 certified manufacturing faciities at Ankeshwar, in the state of Gujarat in India. To the best of our knowedge the information contained in this pubication is accurate. Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. maintains a poicy of continuous deveopment and reserves the right to amend the information given herein without notice. is the registered trademark of Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. CORPORATE OFFICE Ion House, Dr. E. Moses Road, Mahaaxmi, Mumbai 4 11 Te: Fax: E-mai: iei@ionexchange.co.in INTERNATIONAL DIVISION R-14, T.T.C MIDC, Thane-Beapur Road, Rabae, Navi Mumbai 4 71 Te: /47 4 Fax: E-mai: rabcroint@ionexchange.co.in; export.saes@ionexchange.co.in REGIONAL OFFICES Chennai - Te: /91 9 Fax: E-mai: checro@ionexchange.co.in Dehi - Te: /4 E-mai: decro@ionexchange.co.in Kokata - Te: /4 4 E-mai: cacro@ionexchange.co.in Fax: Fax: Vashi - Te: /91 Fax: E-mai: mumcro@ionexchange.co.in BRANCH OFFICES Bengauru - Te: E-mai: bngcro@ionexchange.co.in Bhubaneswar - Te: E-mai: bbsr@ionexchange.co.in Chandigarh - Te: Fax: E-mai: decro@ionexchange.co.in Hyderabad - Te: // Fax: E-mai: hydcro@ionexchange.co.in Lucknow - Te: -1 41/ Fax: E-mai: uk.genera@ionexchange.co.in Vadodara - Te: /9 Fax: E-mai: brdcro@ionexchange.co.in Visakhapatnam - Te: E-mai: saes.vizag@ionexchange.co.in : 41