Utilizing Genetic and Genomic Authentication Protocols for Meat and Fish Products in Oman

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1 Utilizing Genetic and Genomic Authentication Protocols for Meat and Fish Products in Oman Badar Ali Alqamashoui (Ph.D in Animal Genetics) Visiting & ODC

2 Food Fraud Categories

3 Food Fraud Incidents

4 Meat And Fish Products represent the greatest share of food consumption high content of protein, vitamins, minerals and micronutrients. high demand wide range of products introduction of several new species/strains globalization of the supply and industry difficulty in authenticate physically 252 religious, MT ethnic, legal and medical 140 aspects MT (FAO, 2014)

5 Potential meat authenticity problems

6 Meat Species Substitution

7 The Food Authenticity Analytical Toolbox

8 DNA Techniques for Meat Species Authentication

9 Potential meat authenticity problems

10 Meat Production in Oman Animal Resources : Goats. 1,619,990. Sheep. 380,000. Cattle. 313,580. Camels. 124,520.

11 Meat Production in Oman Animal Resources in Oman: Goats. 1,619,990. Sheep. 380,000. Cattle. 313,580. Camels. 124,520. Local Breeds Northern camel breed Southern camel breed Northern cattle breed Southern cattle breed

12 Meat Production Oman Animal Resources in Oman: Goats. 1,619,990. Sheep. 380,000. Cattle. 313,580. Camels. 124,520.

13 Many sources of meat in the Omani market (Pakistan, Kenya, Egypt, USA, Newzeland, India etc) No DNA analytical technique has been developed to authenticate local (traditional) meat in Oman.

14 Advanced analytical techniques is needed for authentication of different types of meat.

15 Genetic Characterization Approach can be used to differentiate between meat breeds

16 Principles of DNA Structure of DNA

17 Principles of DNA DNA Markers cytochrome b (cyt b) 12S and 16S RNA D-loop Cox1 Cob (apocytochrome b) Cox2 and Cox3 nad1

18 Sequencing DNA Analytical Methods DNA Markers Identification DNA extraction PCR Data Analyses Sequence alignment

19 Coord. 2: 53.66% Attempts to Genetically Characterize Livestock in Oman ON OS ET PK CH FR Coord. 1: 34.23%

20 Attempts to Genetically Characterize Livestock in Oman

21 Attempts to Genetically Characterize Livestock in Oman

22 Recommendations More attempts must be done for cattle and other animal species. Full genome re-sequencing can be used to differentiate genetically between the different close breeds. A genome may contain billions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are completely unique and specific to an organism, breeds and populations. SNPs have been used in the identification of animal breeds, and to prevent fraudulent commercial activities.

23 Full genome re-sequencing and SNPs Approach of the major economic animal species in GCC countries Cattle breeds Camel breeds Goat and Sheep breeds Fish species (Tuna, King fish) Adulteration of hamour fish (grouper) with Pasa in restaurants Investigators P.I: Dr. Hussain Bahbahani of Kuwait University- Kuwait Co. I: Dr. Faisal Almadhan, King Faisal University- KSA Co. I: Dr. - Oman

24 Full genome re-sequencing and SNPs Approach of the major economic animal species in GCC countries The Goals 1- establish genetic barcode/genomic SNPs protocols to help in identifying the meat and fish species in Oman. 2- Use the best and efficient approach to identify fraud in different products across the major shopping centers, restaurants and fish markets in Oman. 3- establish a barcode database for the major local and imported species, breeds and varieties used to produce food in the market.

25 Thank You