Name # Class Date Scientific Inquiry Version 1

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1 Name # Class Date Scientific Inquiry 1. Which statement describes the best procedure to determine if a vaccine for a disease in a certain bird species is effective? A) Vaccinate 100 birds and expose all 100 to the disease. B) Vaccinate 100 birds and expose only 50 of them to the disease. C) Vaccinate 50 birds, do not vaccinate 50 other birds, and expose all 100 to the disease. D) Vaccinate 50 birds, do not vaccinate 50 other birds, and expose only the vaccinated birds to the disease. 2. In an investigation designed to determine the effect of the amount of water on plant growth, two groups of equal-sized bean plants of the same species were grown under identical conditions, except for the amount of water they were given. One group was watered with 200 milliliters of water once a day, while the other group was watered with 400 milliliters of water once a day. After several days, the heights of the plants were measured. It was determined that the plants watered with 400 milliliters of water once a day showed more growth. Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the investigation described below and on your knowledge of biology. Twelve bean plants were used to study the effect of nutrients on the rate of plant growth. All the plants used in this investigation were initially the same height. Starting on day 1, six of the bean plants (Group A) were given 30 milliliters of distilled water every day for seven consecutive days. Starting on the same day, the other six bean plants (Group B) were given 30 milliliters of distilled water containing 0.1 gram of fertilizer every day for seven consecutive days. The average daily change in height of the plants in each group is shown in the data table below. The variable in this investigation is the A) type of bean plants used in the experiment B) amount of water given the plants each day C) type of soil the bean plants were growing in D) group of bean plants watered with 200 ml of water 3. A scientist tested a hypothesis that white-tailed deer would prefer apples over corn as a primary food source. The findings of the test, in which the scientist claimed that the deer preferred apples, were published. Which research technique, if used by the scientist, might result in this claim being questioned? A) The scientist observed four deer in different locations at various times of the day. B) The scientist observed a total of 500 deer in 20 different locations at various times of the day. C) The scientist observed 200 deer in various natural settings, but none in captivity. D) The scientist observed 300 deer in various locations in captivity, but none in natural settings. 4. Based on experimental results, a biologist in a laboratory reports a new discovery. If the experimental results are valid, biologists in other laboratories should be able to perform A) an experiment with a different variable and obtain the same results B) the same experiment and obtain different results C) the same experiment and obtain the same results D) an experiment under different conditions and obtain the same results 5. A new concept that is tested in a scientific investigation is known as A) a theory B) the hypothesis C) an inference D) an observation 6. A variable in this investigation was the A) number of bean plants in each group B) amount of water given daily to each plants C) initial height of each bean plant D) amount of nutrient fed to each group of bean plants 7. Based on the data in the table, if all the bean plants were 70 millimeters tall on day 1, the average height of the bean plants in group B on day 7 would be A) 75 mm B) 81 mm C) 95 mm D) 100 mm 8. A piece of refrigerated, cooked meat will remain safe to eat for a longer period of time than a refrigerated piece of raw meat of similar size. Which statement is a valid inference based on this information? A) Cooking meat kills many bacteria and fungi. B) Cool temperatures stimulate the growth of microbes on raw meat. C) Raw meat cannot be preserved. D) Cooked meat contains antibodies that destroy decomposers.

2 9. In a scientific investigation, after the question is defined, the next step is most likely A) formulating a hypothesis B) identifying needed equipment C) designing the experiment D) collecting the data Base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. An experiment was designed to determine if chlorophyll is responsible for the growth of corn seedlings toward light. In the experiment, equal numbers of albino corn seedlings and green corn seedlings were grown at a temperature of 24ºC. All other environmental conditions were the same for both groups of seedlings. The results of the experiment showed that both the albino seedlings and the green seedlings bent toward light. 10. Which is a variable in this experiment? A) type of soil B) type of corn seedlings C) temperature D) light 11. Which sequence of steps was most likely taken in this experiment? A) develop a hypothesis select suitable laboratory materials test the hypothesis formulate a conclusion B) select suitable laboratory materials formulate a conclusion develop a hypothesis test the hypothesis C) develop a hypothesis test the hypothesis select suitable laboratory materials formulate a conclusion D) formulate a conclusion select suitable laboratory materials develop a hypothesis test the hypothesis 12. A scientist would like to test the effect of heat on the function of a certain enzyme. Which would not be an appropriate first step? A) doing research in a library B) having discussions with other scientists C) completing a data table of expected results D) using what is already known about the enzyme 13. Diagrams, tables, and graphs are used by scientists mainly to A) design a research plan for an experiment B) test a hypothesis C) organize data D) predict the independent variable 14. In an experiment, what should be the relationship between the control group and the experimental group? A) They should be different in size. B) They should resemble each other in at least two respects. C) They should not be similar in any respect. D) They should be identical in all respects except one. 15. Which procedure must be followed for the results of an experiment to be considered valid? A) The experiment must be repeated a number of times and yield similar results. B) After one trial, the results of the experiment must be published. C) The results must be expressed in the form of a table or graph. D) The data must include metric measurements. 16. A biologist plans to spend a year investigating the mating behavior of a certain species of frog. To make meaningful observations, the biologist should observe A) a small number of frogs in their natural habitat B) a large number of frogs in their natural habitat C) several groups of frogs maintained in different temperatures in the laboratory D) several groups of frogs maintained on different diets in the laboratory 17. An investigation was designed to determine the effect of ultraviolet light on mold spore growth. Two groups of mold spores were grown under identical conditions, except one group was exposed only to ultraviolet light, while the other group was grown in total darkness. In this investigation, the group of mold spores grown without receiving any ultraviolet light is known as the A) control B) hypothesis C) dependent variable D) limiting factor 18. How does the CONTROL GROUP setup in an experiment differ from the other setups in the same experiment? A) It tests a different hypothesis. B) It has more variables. C) It does not receive the experimental treatment (Independent Variable). D) It utilizes a different method of data collection. 19. Substance X has a unique characteristic in that it fluoresces (glows) when exposed to ultraviolet light. An investigator added substance X to a dish containing a culture of cells. The investigator exposed the cells to ultraviolet light and found that substance X was highly concentrated only within mitochondria (cell organelles). Which assumption could the investigator make regarding the results of this experiment? A) Substance X could be used to identify mitochondria in living cells. B) Substance X could be used to stain nuclei of living cells. C) All fluorescent substances will be absorbed by mitochondria. D) All mitochondria synthesize fluorescent substances.

3 20. A student is investigating the effect of different environmental factors on the growth of a certain species of bean plant over a period of 30 days. Which factor would not function as a variable in this investigation? A) species of bean plant B) soil moisture content C) amount of light D) atmospheric temperature 21. A student conducted an original, well-designed experiment, carefully following proper scientific procedure. In order for the conclusions to become generally accepted, the experiment must A) contain several experimental variables B) be repeated to verify the reliability of the data C) support the original hypothesis D) be conducted by a scientist 22. A student conducted an original, well-designed experiment, carefully following proper scientific procedure. In order for the conclusions to become generally accepted, the experiment must A) contain several experimental variables B) be repeated to verify the reliability of the data C) support the original hypothesis D) be conducted by a scientist 23. A study was conducted using two groups of 10 plants of the same species. During the study, the plants were placed in identical environmental conditions. The plants in one group were given a growth solution every 3 days. The heights of the plants in both groups were recorded at the beginning of the study and at the end of a 3-week period. The data showed that the plants given the growth solution grew faster than those not given the solution. 25. An investigation was set up to determine the effect of various surfaces on the amount of time it takes a snail to move between two points. A ramp was made, covered with a piece of glass, and placed on a table at a 25-degree angle. Two lines, 15 centimeters apart, were drawn on the glass. A snail was placed on the upper line, and a stopwatch was used to measure the amount of time it took the snail to move to the lower line. The results were recorded in a data table. The investigation was repeated using sandpaper and cardboard on the surface of the ramp. What must be done to show that the results of this investigation are valid? A) The angle of the ramp must be increased to 35 degrees. B) The times in the data table must be averaged. C) The investigation must be repeated several times. D) The ramp must be replaced with a log found in the habitat of the snail. 26. As part of an investigation, 10 bean seedlings in one setup were grown in the dark, while 10 seedlings in another setup were grown in sunlight. All other growth conditions were kept the same in both setups. The seedlings grown in the dark were white with long, slender stems. These seedlings eventually died. The seedlings grown in the sunlight were green and healthy. Which hypothesis was most likely being tested in this investigation? A) Plants grown in the dark cannot perform the process or respiration. B) Sunlight is necessary for the normal growth of bean plants. C) Light is necessary for the germination of bean seeds. D) Light is necessary for proper mineral absorption by plants. When other researchers conduct this study to test the accuracy of the results, they should A) give growth solution to both groups B) make sure the conditions are identical to those in the first study C) give an increased amount of light to both groups of plants D) double the amount of growth solution given to the first group 24. A biologist in a laboratory reports a new discovery based on experimental results. If the experimental results are valid, biologists in other laboratories should be able to A) repeat the same experiment with a different variable and obtain the same results B) perform the same experiment and obtain different results C) repeat the same experiment and obtain the same results D) perform the same experiment under different experimental conditions and obtain the same results

4 27. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph below illustrates the results of an investigation using newborn rats. The dashed line curve shows the normal growth rate of rats, based on previous investigations. The solid-line curve shows the growth rate of 50 rats that were fed a normal diet containing nutrients A and B until they reached an age of 80 days (point X). At point X, the amounts of nutrients A and B were increased. At point Y, nutrient A was returned to the normal amount. At point Z, nutrient B was returned to the normal amount. 29. Scientists in the United States, Europe, and Africa have now suggested that the hippopotamus is a relative of the whale. Earlier studies placed the hippo as a close relative of wild pigs, but recent studies have discovered stronger evidence for the connection to whales. This information suggests that A) genetic engineering was involved in the earlier theories B) structural evidence is the best evolutionary factor to consider C) natural selection does not occur in hippopotamuses D) scientific explanations can change with new evidence. 30. A student wanted to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of tryptophan on a bacterial culture. Several cultures of the same bacterial species were grown on media, each with a different amount of tryptophan. The cultures were then incubated at 37 C. At the end of 24 hours, the cultures were examined. As a control, the student should have used a culture that A) contained no bacteria B) was incubated at 25 C C) contained no tryptophan D) was not incubated If the investigation had continued as described except that at point Z nutrient B was not returned to the normal amount, the most reasonable conclusion that could be drawn from the data presented is that the rats would probably have A) lived for 30 to 60 additional days and then died B) remained at about twice the weight of normally developed rats C) continued to gain weight D) become mentally and sexually immature adults 28. A detailed laboratory procedure was performed and showed that plants given a growth solution grew faster than those not given the solution. When other researchers conduct this study to test the accuracy of the results, they should A) give growth solution to both groups B) make sure the conditions are identical to those in the first study C) give an increased amount of light to both groups of plants D) double the amount of growth solution given to the first group

5 31. An experiment was designed to see what effects ibuprofen would have on laboratory mice. Large numbers of male mice and an equal number of female mice were used in this investigation. The male mice were placed in an area with food and water. The female mice were placed in a separate area of the same size. The female mice were given additional food and water. The males were each given 100 milligrams of ibuprofen each day, mixed with their food, and the females were each given 50 milligrams of ibuprofen each day, mixed with their food. Identify two errors in the design of this investigation. Base your answers to questions 32 and 33 on information and diagram below. An investigation was carried out using the two setups shown below. Other than the difference shown in the diagram, all other conditions were identical. 32. Describe one change that could be made in the investigation to improve it. 33. a State one possible hypothesis that could be tested using these setups. b What data should be collected in order to test the hypothesis stated in question a?