Keynote&Address&Abstracts&

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1 Keynote&Address&Abstracts& Keynote&Address&1:& &Entrepreneurship&in&Biomaterials & Speaker:JamieGrooms,ChairmanandDirectorofAxoGenInc. Abstract Thetermsentrepreneurshipandengineerseamlesslyfittogether.However,asengineers, wehavearesponsibilitytocreateanddesignproductsthatwillhelpprogressoursociety.thistalk willfocusonthechallengesengineersfacewhentakinganideaandsuccessfullyimplementingit intousableproduct.specifically,thistalkwillfocusontheintegrityneededtobesuccessfulasan engineerandabusinessperson. Keynote&Address&2:& Biomaterial&and&Medical&Device&Innovation& Challenges&in&the&New&Economy & Speaker:JohnW.Sheets,PhD,SeniorVicePresidentofResearchatBostonScientific Abstract Thechallengesoftranslationalmedicineandmedicaldeviceproductdevelopmentcontinue to increase with higher demands for evidence generation for safety, clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness.thepriorityof timetomarket hasbeensupplantedby timetoreimbursement. Thekeytosuccessbeginsduringtheresearchphaseofproductdevelopmentandahighly collaborativeandsynergisticinnovationenvironment.thepresentationwilldiscusssomeofthe keyrolesforrigorousscience,disciplinedprocessandtheinspiredinnovation.themandatefor innovationinnotonlyproductsandtechnology,butalsobusinessmodelswillbediscussed. Keynote&Address&3:& The&Beginnings&of&Biomaterials:&The&Good,&The&Bad,& and&the&funny & Speakers:LarryHench,PhD,InventorofBioglass,ProfessorofMaterialsScienceandEngineering, UniversityofFlorida,andDavidGreenspan,PhD,PresidentofSpinodeConsulting Abstract TheMSEDepartmentwasoneofthefewsitesintheworldthatpioneeredbiomaterialsas anacademic,professionalandcommercialfield.anecdotesfromtheseearlydayswillbesharedfor the first time publically. Stories will include the construction of the Surge Building and well witchery; finding a furnace in the basement of the Seagel building; a bus trip that led to the discovery of Bioglass; the fire alarm that shocked the biomaterials class and woke up a draped cadaver ontheconferencetable;themini6poof6offbio6mechanicstestsofbioglassmouseincus prosthesesonnewyearseveatshands;theescapedmonkeyandflagrantindelectibaboonsthat shocked the Board of Regents; Gordon Research Conference blunders and Bioglass licensing disasterswithgrandtheftandstockfraudendings.foraseriousending,wepresentfromalifetime perspectiveanoverviewofthetransitionofbiomaterialsfromanobservationalfieldoftrialand errordominatedby Just&put&it&into&a&few&animals&and&see&if&it&works &intoatrulyscientificdiscipline withworld6wideimpactonhealthcareformillionsofpeople. 4

2 Keynote&Address&4:& Translation&of&UniversityCIndustry&Research&into& New&Biomedical&Technologies & Speaker:EugeneGoldberg,PhD,ProfessorofMaterialsScienceandEngineering Abstract HowdowedevelopimportantnewdirectionsinBiomedicalResearch?Somearedeveloped in Industry, some in Academia, and some by Individuals in clinical practice. One significant approachistodefineaclinicalproblemofmajorimportanceandworkyourwaybacktoresearch strategiesthatareaimedatsolvingtheproblem.theevolutionofthisapproachisseenhistorically insuchdevelopmentsas(1)ballooncathetersi.e.endotrachealtubesforprovidingopenairways duringsurgeryandfoleycathetersfordrainingthebladder,(2)angioplastycathetersforopening and stenting (with wire mesh tubes) clogged coronary arteries, (3) use of aqueous polymer solutionstocoatandprotectfragiletissuesduringsurgeryandbiodegradablepolymerpatchesto cover injured internal tissues during healing; solutions and patches usually made of a natural compoundfoundinthebody,i.e.hyaluronicacid,(4)biopolymer6nervecellcompositionsforspinal cordandcnsrepair,and(5)flexibleacryliccopolymersforfoldableintraocularlensestobeused forsmallincisioncataracteyesurgerytorepairvisualacuity.considerationofindustry6university interactionsinthecontextoftranslatingresearchintoclinicallyusefultechnologyisthesubjectof thislecture. & & & 5

3 Session&Speaker&Abstracts& Session&1:&Successful&Implementation&of&Commercial&Biomaterials& Speakers:JamesF.Schumacher,PhD,JamesTalton,PhD,AntonioWebb,PhD James&F.&Schumacher,&PhD& ProjectLeader MedicalDevices GlobalResearchandEngineering Kimberly6ClarkHealthCare,Roswell,GA PresentationTitle:Material&Selection&in&Medical&Device&Product&Development Abstract: Proper and timely material selection in medical device product development is vitally important for the performance, usability, and safety of new medical devices. This success is primarilydrivenbytheengagementandinvolvementofabiomaterialsengineer(scientist)during the product development process. Traditionally, the materials scientist is not engaged until the final device designs are chosen and material selection is required for each component. Earlier participation by a materials specialist in the product development process, such as concept development or early physician interviews, has resulted in significant improvements in product innovation, functionality, and physician endorsement. Case studies will be presented that demonstrate the impact and role the biomaterials engineer or materials scientist plays in the medicaldevicefield. James&Talton,&PhD& ChiefExecutiveOfficerandPresident Nanotherapeutics,Alachua,FL PresentationTitle:NanoFUSE &DBM&as&a&viable&bone&graft&substitute& Abstract:Nanotherapeutics,Inc.isaspecialtybiopharmaceuticalcompanywithoneFDA6approved implant product (NanoFUSE DBM) and in6house cgmp manufacturing. NanoFUSE DBM is a combination of allogeneic human bone and bioactive glass bone void filler. NanoFUSE DBM is showntobebiocompatibleinanumberofdifferentassaysandhasbeenapprovedbythefdafor useinbonefillingindications.nanofuse DBMshowstheabilityofthematerialtosupportcell attachmentandproliferationonthematerialtherebydemonstratingtheosteoconductivenatureof the material. NanoFUSE DBM was also shown to be osteoinductive in the mouse thigh muscle model.nanofuse DBMmanufacturing,regulatorysubmission,andperformanceasaneffective bonegraftsubstitutewillbediscussed. Antonio&Webb,&PhD& AssistantProfessorofBiologicalandAgriculturalEngineering UniversityofGeorgia,Athens,GA PresentationTitle:A&novel&drug&eluting&perivascular&wrap&for&the&prevention&of&neointimal& hyperplasia& Abstract: In the United States, it is estimated that 8 million people suffer from peripheral artery disease(pad).padischaracterizedbyagradualreductioninbloodflowtothemusculararteries of the lower extremities caused by atherosclerosis. For those with severe PAD, lower extremity bypassgraftingremainsthepredominantoptionforlimbsalvage.althoughnativevesselsremain thegoldstandardconduitforbypassgrafting,theyarenotavailableinapproximatelyone6thirdof 6

4 patients due to intrinsic venous disease or prior vein harvesting. In these cases, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (eptfe) grafts are the most commonly used alternative despite dismal patencyratesduetotheformationofneointimalhyperplasiaatthedistalanastomosis.toaddress thisproblem,vesseltekbiomedicalhasdevelopedanoveldrugelutingperivascularwrapforthe prevention of neointimal hyperplasia. The perivascular wrap utilizes a biodegradable citric6acid based polymer, poly(1,86octanediol6co6citrate) (POC). This presentation will detail the developmentandcharacterizationofpocperivascularwraps.furthermore,datashowingefficacy inbothratandpiganimalmodelswillbepresented. & Session&2:&Pioneering&Advancements&in&Biomaterials&Research& Speakers:AnthonyBrennan,PhD,ThomasAngelini,PhD,ChristopherBatich,PhD Anthony&Brennan,&PhD& MargaretA.RossProfessorofMaterialsScienceandEngineering ProfessorofJ.CraytonPruittFamilyDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL PresentationTitle:Cell&response&to&bioinspired&microtopographies Abstract: This study examines hierarchical combinations polymers that have used to produce engineered surfaces, which elicit micro6topographical and chemical cues in biological systems. Nature provides complex chemical forms of polymers that are manipulated through both conformationalandconfigurationalformstoyieldspecificfunctions.ourrecentstudieshavebeen focusedonthedesignofpolymericsurfacesthatcanbeusedasmodelsinthestudyofbiological adhesionmechanisms.therecentexpansionofbioengineeredtissuehasincreasedourneedfor bettermodelsforcellularadhesion,migrationandchemicalmanipulationofsurfaces. Aprocesscommonlyreferredtoascontactguidancehasbeenknowntomodulatecellshape andfunctioninavarietyofcelltypesbyphysicalattributesofasurface.celladhesionandmotility are both highly dependent upon patterned surfaces as well as their chemical functionality. Our grouphasfocusedondevelopingarationalmodelforcellattachmentthatusesthephysicaland chemical structure of surfaces in a thermodynamic function to predict and modulate cell attachment to surfaces. More recently, we have demonstrated the ability to induce specific cell differentiation using our topographically modified surfaces. This presentation will focus on the influenceofthethermodynamicstateofpatternedsurfacesoncellattachmentdensityandfunction. Thomas&E.&Angelini,&PhD& AssistantProfessorofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL PresentationTitle:The&biomaterial&solution&commensurate&with&the&biological&problem Abstract: Engineers have a great diversity of tools at their disposal, but the right tool is hard to chooseincaseswheretheproblemispoorlyunderstood.inbiomaterialsdesign,thecomplexityof living systems generates major challenges; our understanding of the physical and chemical dynamicswithintissuesandmicrobialsystemsislimited,butexpanding.inthistalkiwilldescribe severalexamplesofbiologicalsystemsthathavetotallyunexpectedphysicalproperties.iwillshow that surface tension gradients, osmotic pressure gradients, glassy6dynamics, and even mere symmetry can govern the motion of bacterial biofilms and tissue cell monolayers. I will discuss howabasicunderstandingofthesemulti6cellularsystemscanguidethedesign. 7

5 Christopher&Batich,&Ph.D.& GrodskyProfessorofMaterialsScienceandEngineering UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL PresentationTitle:Pioneering&&Advancements&in&Biomaterials&Research:&& Bioguard :&a&novel& Intrinsically&Biocidal&Utility&Substrate&(NIMBUS) Abstract:AverydifferenttypeofwounddressingwasinventedbyagroupatUF,withhelpfrom others, and was developed into a commercial product by creation of a start6up company in Gainesvillecalled QuickMed.Asimpleideatookagreatdealoftechnicalimprovementefforts, teamwork,moneyandlucktoreachthemarket,andtheseaspectswillbedescribed.theufotl office was very helpful in moving it forward, and offered advice that would have made the path easier to follow. However, having a broad6based research base with good collaborative support allowedthiscompany,withufhelp,theeventuallymovethroughfdaclearanceviathearduous denovo process(forverynoveldeviceswithnopredicateonthemarketalready). Gainesville, and the UF environment, offer great opportunities for inventing and moving technologyintothehealthcarearea.therecentchangesatthenih(formationofncats,andthe newdirector),andtheawardingofactsatoufgreatlyincreasethelikelihoodofsuccessforsmall businessventuresinvolvingstudentsandfacultymembers.therearehugeneedsinthehealthcare field, since the US system is the least cost effective among all developed countries, and that is drivingamarketforbetter,cheaperandfastertechnology. Session&3:&Pioneering&Advancements&in&Biomedical&Engineering& Speakers:BenjaminKeselowsky,PhD,JonDobson,PhD,PeterMcFetridge,PhD & Benjamin&Keselowsky,&PhD.& AssociateProfessorofJ.CraytonPruittFamilyDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL PresentationTitle:Nanoparticles&for&the&study&and&enhancement&immune&response& Abstract:Biomaterialsofsyntheticorbiologicaloriginundergocomplexinteractionswithcellsof theimmunesystemuponimplantation.theseinteractionsareincompletelyunderstoodandpoorly controlled.thiscomplicatestheabilitytoachievedesirableoutcomesinclinicalapplications.our efforts focus on both a basic understanding of interactions of immune cells with biomaterials as wellastheengineeringofbiomaterialscapableofdirectingimmunologicalprocesses.thesehave wide6ranging implications in diverse fields such as implanted devices, tissue engineering, combinationproducts,andtherapeuticvaccines.inparticular,weareinterestedinthephagocytic antigenpresentcelltypesofmacrophagesanddendriticcells.ourmacrophageinterestsfocuson identifying receptors involved in the phagocytosis and inflammatory responses to ultra6high molecular weight polyethylene particles such as those generated as wear debris from total joint replacement implants. Furthermore, we engineer multi6functional microparticle formulations targeting dendritic cells (a key director of immune responses) as a vaccine delivery device to provideantigen6specificimmunosuppressionastherapyfortype1diabetes.additionally,wehave developedhigh6throughputstrategiestobothformulateparticle6basedvaccinesaswellasscreen themforspecificdendriticcellresponses. 8

6 Jon&Dobson,&PhD.& ProfessorofJ.CraytonPruittFamilyDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering ProfessorofMaterialsScienceandEngineering UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL PresentationTitle:Magnetic&nanoparticles&for&research&and&therapeutic&applications& Abstract: The use of magnetic micro6 and nanoparticles for biomedical applications was first proposedinthe1920sasawaytomeasuretherehologicalpropertiesofthecytoplasm.sincethat time,particlesynthesistechniquesandfunctionalityhaveadvancedsignificantly.magneticmicro6 and nanoparticles are now used in a variety of biomedical techniques such as targeted drug delivery,mricontrastenhancement,genetransfection,immnoassayandcellsorting.morerecently, magneticmicro6andnanoparticleshavebeenusedtoinvestigateandmanipulatecellularprocesses bothinvitroandinvivo. This talk will focus on some of the research our group is doing on (i) magnetic nanoparticle6 mediated activation of cellular processes for tissue engineering, stem cell research and drug screening applications and (ii) novel methods of magnetic nanoparticle6based gene transfection andhyperthermia. Peter&S.&McFetridge,&PhD.& AssistantProfessorofJ.CraytonPruittFamilyDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL PresentationTitle:Optimizing&cell&culture&techniques&for&whole&organ&tissue&engineering& Abstract:Ourresearchencompassesthethreemainphasesofthetissueengineeringapproach:1) biomaterial/scaffold development and characterization, 2) cells and their phenotype, and 3) Bioreactordesignandimplementationtoculturere6seededscaffoldsunderreplicatedphysiological conditions. Using a variety of biomaterials designed for specific organ replacement therapies our approachistouseexvivo6derivedbiomaterialstofurtherourunderstandingofthebodiesnatural healingprocesses.ouraimistoproducetissueconstructsthatarenotonlycelldense,butalsofully functional.usingthisapproachourlaboratoriesinvestigateavarietyscaffoldsfordifferentclinical applications. Inthispresentationourlaboratoriesprogressinanumberofdifferentresearchareaswill be discussed, including design parameters for engineering vascular grafts, where mass transport conditionsaremodulatedtospeedcellmigrationandfluidshearstresstocontrolendothelialcell phenotype. Recent investigations assessing the effect of different culture conditions and scaffold mechanics will be discussed, with details of scaffold structural properties, biomechanics, cellular functionandgeneexpression.detailsofanovineimplantationmodelwillbepresentedtoprovide an overview of these materials capacity to regenerate within an in vivo environment. 9

7 Student'Poster'Presentation'Abstracts' ' Name:AdwoaBaah)Dwomoh Title:"EngineeredMicrotopographiesRegulateVascularSmoothMuscleCellPhenotype" Advisor:AnthonyBrennan Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Coronaryheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofthedeathintheUnitedStates,kills approximately500,000individualseachyear[1].commonmethodsofattemptingtocorrectthe affectsofatherosclerosisincludeangioplasty,stenting,andgrafting.however,theriskofin)stent restenosis,therenarrowingofthebloodvessel,ishighlyprobablywhenusingthisprocedure, especiallyforasmalldiametervesselsuchasthecoronaryartery[2].inaddictiontoin)stent restenosis,intimalhyperplasia,theexcessiveproliferationofsmoothmusclecells,providesanother failuremechanismofsmalldiametervasculargraft Severalcues,bothphysicalandchemicalcueshavebeenstudiedtoinduceaparticularphenotypeof smoothmusclecells.thisstudyusesatopographicalapproach,then)seriesofthesharklet topographiestostudyphenotypicswitchingofsmoothmusclecellstothecontractilephenotype. Name:JordanBall Title:"ElastomericNanocompositesforOrthopedicTissueEngineering" Advisor:Dr.JosephineAllen Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Withthemeanageofthepopulationrising,itincreasinglyimportanttoidentifymore successfultreatmentoptionsinregenerativemedicine.interestinutilizingsyntheticbiomaterials hasincreasedinpastdecadestocircumventlimitationsintheavailabilityofautografts.while allograftscanalsoalleviateproblemswithautograftusage,theriskofimmunologicalrejectionand pathologicalconcernsarestillpresent.orthopedictissueregenerationisamajortopicofinterestas theannualoccurrenceofbonegraftingproceduresperformedintheunitedstatesisestimatedto benear500,000.onemethodfortheregenerationofbonetissuedefectsistheintroductionof eitheranosteoinductivescaffoldmaterialoragrowthfactortoachieveasimilarresult.here,an ongoinginvestigationtocharacterizeamaterialsystemfororthopedictissueengineeringis presented.poly(octane)1,8)diolcocitrate)combinedwithtricalciumphosphate,containing immobilizedbonemorphogeneticprotein)2(bmp)2),hasbeendesignedtoaccomplishthegoalof havinganosteoconductivescaffoldaswellasanosteoinductivegrowthfactorforimprovedbone tissuegrowth.resultswereobtainedthroughmeasuringosteogenicgeneexpressioninhuman mesenchymalstemcells(hmscs)astheydifferentiateviareal)timequantitativepolymerasechain reaction(rt)qpcr). Name:MatthewCarstens Title:"DevelopmentandCharacterizationofDrugDeliveringCellularMicroarrays" Advisor:Dr.BenjaminKeselowsky Department:BiomedicalEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Introduction:Whilesmallmoleculemicroarrayshavedemonstratedtheircapacityto screenalargevarietyofdrugsonasmallcellpopulation,amicroarrayconsistingofdiscreetislands ofcells,therebymitigatingpotentialcrosstalkanddiffusionconcerns,hasyettobeshown.an applicationforsuchtechnologywouldbetoscreendrugefficacyonrarecellpopulations.colon cancerstemcellsareonesuchpopulation,havingonlyrecentlybeenrecognizedasapotential

8 causeofcoloncancer.assuch,thiscellpopulationhasbeentargetedforfuturetherapeutics.one approachtotherapyliesinmanipulatingsignalingpathways,whichgovernself)renewal.herewe reportamethodforperformingsuchanalysesusingalimitednumberofcells.methods:glass coverslipswerecleanedinanoxygenplasmaetcher.coverslipswerethenprintedwitharraysof NH2)terminatedsilaneandcoatedwithtitaniumandgold.Followingcoating,gold)coatedarrays weresonicatedtoremovegoldfromtheaminespots,exposingnh2)terminatedsilaneislands.the coverslipswerethenincubatedwithmethyl)terminatedalkanethioland10%pluronicf)127to createanon)foulingsurfacearoundtheamineislands.ethylenevinylacetatewasdissolvedin cyclohexanolandprintedovertheamineislands.hct116cellswerethenseededoverthearrayin 3mlserum)freemedia.ThearrayswerethengentlywashedinPBS,placedina35mmpetridish withcompletemediaandplacedinanincubatorfor72hrs.arrayswerethenfixed,mounted,and imaged.results:cellulararrayscanbemanufacturedinarobustfashion.thetightlycontrolled specificityofcellattachmentallowsforco)localizationofcellswithdrugreleasingpolymerwhile eliminatingcross)talkbetweenislands.smallmoleculeshavebeenshowntoexhibitreleaseprofiles consistingofaburstreleasefor18)24hrs.ongoingstudiesarebeingdirectedtowardefficacyof drugreleaseandcellularuptake. Name:JoeDecker Title:"RationalDesignofAntifoulingSurfacesThroughThermodynamics" Advisor:Dr.AnthonyBrennan Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Thepreparationandimplementationofmaterialstodeterbiofoulinginthemarineand medicalenvironmentshasgainedconsiderableinterestoverrecentyears.ourgrouphasfocused primarilyontheuseofmicrotopographiestodeterattachment.thesetopographieshavebeen showntobeeffectiveagainstavarietyoforganisms,buttheirantifoulingmechanismremains unknown.wehavedevelopedamodelbasedinfirstprinciplethermodynamicstoexplainthe antifoulingeffectofmicrotopographiesandhelpaidinthedevelopmentoffuturetechnologies.the modelusesanappropriatelydefinedenergyfunctiontodescribetherelativeprobabilityof organismsettlementbetweenasmoothsurfaceandatopographicallymodifiedsurfaceofthesame chemistry.wehavedemonstratedthemodel'seffectivenessforthegreenalgaeulvalinza,gram negativebacteriacobetiamarina,grampositivebacteriastaphylococcusaureus,diatomsnavicula permintuaandseminavisnavicula,andcypridsofbalanusamphitrite.allorganismsfitthelinear modelwithanr2valueof.93orhigher. Name:CanDuan Title: AcuteRatBrainTissueRefractiveIndexMeasurementUsingOpticalCoherence Tomography" Advisor:Dr.HuikaiXie Department:ElectricalandComputerEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:IntheBiophotonics&MicrosystemsLaboratory(BML),weemployedatimedomain OpticalCoherenceTomography(OCT)systemforrefractiveindex(RI)measurementofacuterat braintissueslicesundercompressionfreestatesandcompressedstates.amicroelectromechanical systems(mems)mirrorwasusedforlateralscanoftissuesamples.andanindentationtechnique wasemployedtolocatethepreciselocationofmeasurement,andcausetissuedeformation.riin white)matterandgrey)matterregions,includingthecerebralcortex,putamen,hippocampus, thalamusandcorpuscallosumweremeasured.riincorpuscallosumwasfoundtobe4%higher thanrisinotherregions.changesinriunderuniformcompressionof20%to80%deformation weremeasuredforcorpuscallosumandcerebralcortexregions.nonlinearincreaseinrisofupto

9 90%and70%werefoundincorpuscallosumandcerebralcortexregionsseparatelyat80% deformation.thisresultcanhelptocorrectoctimagesofbraintissuescausedby heterogeneousnessofthematerialitselfandtissuecompressionscausedbycertaindiseasesor surgicalloads.inaddition,mechanicaltestingbasedonoct)elastographycanalsobenefitfromthis result. Name:Kuan)HuiHsu Title:"VitaminELoadedContactLensforExtendedOphthalmicDrugDelivery" Advisor:Dr.AnujChauhan Department:ChemicalEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Ophthalmicdrugdeliveryviaeyedropsisinefficientasonly1)5%oftheapplieddrug entersthecorneaandtherestisabsorbedintothebloodstreamcausingundesiredsideeffect.to eliminatetheproblem,ourapproachistoincorporatevitamineintocommercialsiliconehydrogel lensesasdiffusionbarrierandthusincreasingreleasedurationofdrugs.resultsshowsignificant increaseofreleasedurationsforbothhydrophilicandhydrophobicdrugs.aninvivoanimalstudy alsoshowedthefeasibilityandeffectivenessofthistechnique.severalpropertiesincluding geometry,ionpermeability,oxygenpermeabilityanduvtransmittancearecharacterizedto determinetheprosandconsofloadingvitamineintothelenses.theresultsindicatethe propertieschangecausedbyvitamineloadingdoesnotdisqualifythesesiliconehydrogelsas extended)wearcontactlens.therefore,siliconehydrogelcontactlenseswithvitamineare promisingcandidatesforextendedophthalmicdrugdelivery. Name:Hyun)JungJung Title: ThermallyTriggeredReleaseofOphthalmicDrugsfromStimuli)ResponsiveContactLenses" Advisor:Dr.AnujChauhan Department:ChemicalEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Severalapproachesarecurrentlybeingexploredforextendeddeliveryofophthalmic drugstoovercomethelimitationsofeyedrops.mostpriorresearchinthisareafocusesonsystems thatreleaseafractionoftheloadeddrugduringpackaging.thefocusofourresearchistodevelop contactlensesretaintheloadeddrugduringpackagingandbeginreleasingthedrugafterinsertion intotheeye.thebasicapproachistopreparethermallyresponsivenanoparticlesthatreleasethe drugatthephysiologicaltemperaturebuthavenegligiblereleaseunderrefrigeratedconditionof5 0C.Anovelapproachhasbeendevelopedfordesigningthethermallyresponsiveparticlesby preparinghighlycrosslinkednanoparticleswhoseporesizedependsontemperatureleadingto temperaturedependentrelease.thenanoparticlesarepreparedbypolymerizationofanemulsion ofamonomerwithmulti)vinylfunctionalitiesofpgt(propoxylatedglyceryltriacylate)inpresence ofoilydiluents.hydrophobicoilydrugssuchasthebaseformoftheglaucomadrugtimololcanbe loadedintotheparticlesbyadditionintothepolymerizationmixture.theporesizeoftheparticles issmallerthanthedrugsizeleadingtotrappingofthedrug,andlongreleaselastingaboutamonth. Thedrug)loadedparticleswerethendispersedinvariouspolymerssuitableforcontactlenses includinghydroxymethylmethacrylate(hema)andsiliconehydrogels,whicharecommon contactlensmaterials.bothhemaandsilicone)hydrogellensescontainingtimololloadedparticles aretransparentandcanprovideextendedtherapeuticreleaseoftimololforaperiodofmorethana monthatphysiologicaltemperature.thereleaserateishighlytemperaturesensitive.theparticles canbedesignedtoabsorbuvlightleadingtothebeneficialeffectsofuvblockinginthecontact lenses. ' '

10 Name:JamalLewis Title: Targeted,ImmunosuppressiveMicroparticlesModifyImmuneDendriticCell BehaviorforthePreventionofAutoimmuneDiabetesinMice" Advisor:Dr.BenjaminKeselowsky Department:BiomedicalEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Antigen)specificimmunomodulationremainsanimportantgoalinthetreatment oftype1diabetes(t1d).wehypothesizethatinvivotargetingofbiodegradable microparticles(mps)todcsdeliveringimmunomodulatoryagentscanpromotea tolerogenicdcphenotypeandinducetregsinvivo,inordertoamelioratetype1diabetes innodmice.inordertotestthishypothesis,poly(lactide)co)glycolide)mpswereloaded withantigen insulinb:9)23,andimmunomodulatoryfactors vitamind3(d3),tgf)b1 andgm)csf.thesempformulationswereinjectedsubcutaneouslyinto4weekoldfemale NODmicefollowedbyaboosterat5weeksofage.Formulations(n=10)consistedofa.) blankmps,b.)mpsloadedwithinsulinpeptideonly,c.)mpsloadedwithgm)csf+insulin peptide,d.)mpsloadedwithd3+tgf)b1+insulinpeptide,e.)mpsloadedwithgm) CSF+D3+TGF)B1+insulinpeptide.Bloodglucosewasmeasuredonceaweekuntil32 weeksofage(currentlyat22weeks).kaplan)meieranalysisatthispointrevealsanoverall p)valueof0.094forsurvivalproportionsamonggroups,withthehighestproportionof non)diabeticmiceattributedtotheformulationofmpsloadedwithgm)csf+d3+tgf) B1+insulinpeptide(60%non)diabetic),comparedtotheblankMPswiththelowest proportion(20%non)diabetic),suggestingdelayedonsetoft1d.invitromechanistic assessmentsdemonstratempformulationsarecapableofpromotingtolerogenicdc phenotypeandinducingsyngeneiccd4+cd25+foxp3+regulatorytcells. Name:DavidLovett Title: ModulationofNuclearForcesbySubstrateRigidity" Advisor:Dr.TanmayLele Department:ChemicalEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Thenucleusismechanicallycoupledtothethreecytoskeletalelementsinthecell vialinkagesmaintainedbythelinccomplex(forlinkerofnucleoskeletonto Cytoskeleton).Ithasbeenshownthatmechanicalforcesfromtheextracellularmatrix (ECM)canbetransmittedthroughthecytoskeletontothenuclearsurface.Weaskedif substraterigiditycancontrolnuclearforces.wefoundthatthenucleusinnih3t3 fibroblastsundergoessignificantchangesinshapeasthesubstraterigidityisvaried.on softsubstrates(1kpa),thenucleusappearsroundedinitsverticalcross)section,whileon stiffsubstrates(396kpa),thenucleusbecomesflattened.over)expressionofdominant negativeklarsichtanc)1synehomology(kash)domains,whichdisruptthelinc complex,causedcellroundingandeliminatedthesensitivityofnuclearshapetosubstrate rigidity;myosininhibitionhadsimilareffects.kashover)expressionalteredtherigidity dependenceofcellmotilityandcellspreading.takentogether,ourresultssuggestthat nuclearforcesaremodulatedbysubstraterigidity,andthatamechanicallyintegrated nucleus)cytoskeletonisrequiredforrigiditysensing.theseresultsaresignificantbecause theysuggestthatsubstraterigiditycanpotentiallydirectnuclearfunctionandhencecell function.

11 Name:MichaelSpringer Title: DevelopmentofaVascularGrafttoInduceStemCellDifferentiation" Advisor:Dr.JosephineAllen Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Theneedforasuitablevasculargraftforsmalldiameterarterieshasbeensought afterformanydecades.the2mainchallengesaretheidentificationofavascularcell sourceandasuitablebiomaterial.thisresearchisaimedatdevelopingavasculargraftthat wouldallowforthetissueengineeringofafullyfunctionalsmalldiameterartery.a biphasicvasculargrafthasbeenfabricatedwithasolidpoly(1,8)octanediolcitrate)(poc) elastomericlumenencasedinanelectrospunnetworkofcollagenandelastinnanofibers. WehavealsoexaminedthepotentialofMesenchymalStemCells(MSCs)andCirculating Progenitorcells(CPCs)tocreateanautologousconstruct.Ourburstpressureresults indicatethatthesolidpoclumeniscapableofwithstandingpressuresashighas 260mmHg,muchhigherthanphysiologicalrelevantpressures.Wehavealsoshown throughgeneexpressionthatmscscandifferentiateintobothsmoothmuscleand endothelialcelltypes.whileoptimizationofthegraftisstillunderway,ourresultsindicate thatourvasculargraftisapromisingmethodfortissueengineeringsmalldiametervessels. Name:JustinStarr Title: EnhancedMultiferroicPropertiesofMultiferroicNanocompositeMaterials" Advisor:Dr.JenniferAndrew Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Bycombiningferroelectricandferromagneticphasesinasinglematerial,itis possibletosynthesizecompositemultiferroicmaterialsthatdisplaystrain)induced magnetoelectriccoupling.traditionally,thesecompositemultiferroicshavebeen synthesizedintheformofmultilayerthinfilms,duetotheeaseofcontrollinganepitaxial relationshipinthesestructures.however,substratebasedconstraintslimitthe magnetoelectricresponseofthesematerials.nanofibersofferadditionaldegreesof freedomwhencomparedtothinfilms,andthereforethepotentialforincreased magnetoelectriceffects.whileothergroupshavesynthesizedrandomlydispersedand core)shellbiphasiccompositefibers,theseconfigurationsmakeitdifficulttoaccessand utilizebothphases.toremedythis,wehavesynthesizednovel,janus)type,multiferroic fibersthatarrangeferroelectric(batio3)andferromagnetic(cofe2o4)phasesalongthe lengthofananofiber.thesefibersmaintainalargecontactareabetweenphasesandare structuredsuchthateachphaseisexternallyaccessible. Name:ElenaTen Title: Template)MediatedSynthesisandBio)FunctionalizationofFlexibleLignin)Based NanotubesandNanowires" Advisor:Dr.WilfredVermerris Department:Agronomy Year:Graduate Abstract:Large)scaleimplementationofbiofuelsisonlyfeasibleifbiofuelsarepriced competitivelywithfossilfuels.inadditiontoreducingthecostofbiofuelproductionitself,

12 productionofhigh)valueco)productscanoff)settheoperatingcostsofthebiorefinery, especiallyiftheseco)productsarederivedfromthewastestream.wehavedeveloped lignin)basednanotubessynthesizedinanaluminamembranetemplate.wecovalently linkedlignintotheinnerwallsofactivatedaluminamembranes,thenaddedlayersof dehydrogenationpolymerontothisbaselayerviaaperoxidase)catalyzedreaction,and dissolvedthemembraneindiluteacid.byusingphenolicmonomersdisplayingdifferent reactivities,wewereabletochangethethicknessofthepolymerlayerdepositedwithinthe pores,resultinginthesynthesisofnanotubeswithawallthicknessofapproximately15nm ornanowireswithanominaldiameterof200nm.incontrasttocarbonnanotubes,these novelnanotubes/nanowiresareflexibleandcanbespecificallybio)functionalized,as evidencedbyinvitroassayswithbiotinandconcanavilina.togetherwiththeirintrinsic opticalpropertiesduetothenaturalfluorescenceofthelignin,whichcanalsobevariedas afunctionoftheirchemicalcomposition,theselignin)basednanotubesareexpectedto enableavarietyofnewapplicationsincludingasdeliverysystemsthatcanbeeasily localizedandimagedafteruptakebylivingcells.theongoingstudyfocusesoneffectsof differentbiomassspeciesandchemicalpretreatmentsonmorphologyandpropertiesofthe nanotubes.fundingfromtheusda)biomassresearch&developmentinitiativeproject 2011)10006)303508isgratefullyacknowledged. Name:JosephUzarski Title: DevelopmentofaNovelFlowChamberforReal)Time(Direct)AnalysisofBloodand BiomaterialsInteractions" Advisor:Dr.PeterMcFetridge Department:BiomedicalEngineering Year:Graduate Abstract:Endothelializationofvasculargraftshasbeenusedasastrategytominimize plateletadhesion,leukocyteinfiltration,andotherunfavorablehostresponsesthatleadto graftfailure.assessmentofvasculargrafts intimalreactivityiscommonlyperformedby flowingwholebloodacrossthelumenal(blood)contacting)surface.however,performing suchexperimentsatphysiologicalshearratesrequireslargebloodvolumes,andonlyend) pointassessmentispossibleduetotheclosedvasculargeometry.herewedescribethe developmentofanacrylicflowchamberdesignedforseedingandconditioningofan endotheliumunderdefinedshearconditionsonaflexible(opaque)biologicalscaffoldusing aparallelplategeometry.thechamberwasdesignedtoallowdirectimagingoflabelled cellsastheyattachtothebiomaterialsurfaceinrealtimeusingfluorescencemicroscopy. HUVscaffoldsdecellularizedusingsodiumdodecylsulphate(SDS)wereslicedopenaxially andcompressedbetweentwoacrylicplates,creatingaflowchannelofuniformheight. Primaryhumanumbilicalveinendothelialcells(HUVEC)wereseededonthelumenalHUV surfaceandmaintainedwithhighviability(>95%)underperfusionfor7days. DAPI/rhodaminephalloidinco)stainingrevealedaconfluentendothelialmonolayerwith uniformcytoskeletalalignmentintheflowdirection.timelapsefluorescenceimaging successfullycapturedpromyelocyticgfp+hl)60celladhesiontoactivatedendotheliain realtime.theseresultsdemonstratethatthedevicecanbeusedeffectivelyfor comprehensiveassessmentofengineeredvascularsurfaces.thechambernotonly providesanenvironmentmorereminiscientofthevascularintima,butalsopermitslive visualizationofendothelialcellsculturedunderflow,andisalsousefulforstudiesin

13 leukocyterollingandplateletadhesionandaggregation.thischamberhasbeen successfullytestedwiththehumanumbilicalveinandhumanamnioticmembrane,andcan beadaptedforawiderangeofotherconduitbiomaterials. Name:LokendrakumarBengani Title: ExtendedOcularDrugDeliveryviasurfactantladenP)HEMAgels Advisor:Dr.AnujChauhan Department:ChemicalEngineering Year:Freshman Abstract:Proteinbindinginhydrogelsadverselyaffectstheirperformanceandusagein severalbiomedicalapplicationsincludingcontactlenses.here,wefocusonunderstanding andmodelingtransportoflysozyme,themostabundanttearfluidprotein,inhydrogelsof poly)hydroxylethylmethacrylate(p)hema),acommoncontactlensmaterial.protein uptakeexperimentswithgelsofdifferentthicknessesshowedatimescaleincreaseasthe squareofthethicknesssuggestingdiffusioncontroltransport.afickianmodelwasfittedto theuptakedatatoobtainalysozymediffusivityof1.92x10)16±6.3x10)17m2/s.alarge fractionofproteinisadsorbedinthegelandasubsequentlangmuirbindingisothermwas obtained.uptakeoflysozymewasfoundtobereversibleandreleaseprofileswere accuratelypredictedwithoutanyadditionalparameters,thusvalidatingthemodel.this modelcouldassistinlensdevelopmentoflenscleaningprotocolsandapplicationsrelated toproteinbindinginseveralbiomaterials. Name:EvelynBracho)Sanchez' Title: SynthesisandSurfaceFunctionalizationofGoldNanorodsforPhotothermal TherapyofCancer" Advisor:Dr.BrianSorg Department:BiomedicalEngineering Year:Senior Abstract:Photothermaltherapy(PTT)usinggoldnanoparticleshasgainedincreasing attentioninthepastdecade,especiallyforanalternativetreatmenttocancerwithminimal invasionanddamagetothesurroundinghealthytissue.pttuseselectromagnetic radiation,toreachthegoldnanoparticlesandtransformtheabsorbedlightintoheatin ordertodestroythecarcinogeniccells.theobjectiveofthisprojectistosynthesizegold nanorodswithanaspectratioof4.1thenfunctionalizetheirsurfaceinordertotarget murinecelllineraw264.7macrophages.thesemacrophageswillactascarriersforthe nanoparticlestoreachtheaffectedareawherealaserwillbeusedtoirradiatethem.the goldnanorodswillbesynthesizedusingaseedmediatedmethodbybabaknikoobakhtand MostafaA.El)Sayed.ThentheywillbeattachedtoCD11bantibodies,specifictothecell linementionedabove,usingawatersolublecarbodiimidecross)linkerandn) Hydroxysuccinimide. Name:ScottBrown Title: FunctionalizingSilicaNanoparticlesforNon)toxicAnti)foulingPurposes" Advisor:Dr.AnthonyBrennan Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Senior

14 Abstract:Foulinginthemarineandmedicalindustriesposeshealthrisksaswellas financialburdens.effectivemethodsofpreventingfoulingarethroughchemicaland topographicalchangesinsurfaces.thisprojectwillinvestigatethepropertyof amphiphilicity,whichiswhenamaterialhasbothhydrophobicandhydrophilicproperties. Thiswillbeimpartedonhydrogelsofsilicananoparticlesfunctionalizedwith poly(ethyleneglycol)methacrylateforhydrophilicityandnonafluoroexyltriethoxysilanefor hydrophobicity.characterizationthroughftir,swelltests,anddynamiclightscattering onthehydrogelswillbedonetounderstandthepropertiesanddetermineeffectivenessof functionalization. Name:NatalieGanio Title: BiphasicMnO)Fe3O4nanoparticlesforuseasmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI) contrastagents" Advisor:Dr.JenniferAndrew Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Senior Abstract:Oftendeliveredthroughthebloodstream,contrastagentsareusedtohelp clarifyimagesthatresultfrommagneticresonanceimaging(mri).byincreasingthe sensitivityofthescan,andtherebythevisibilityofthetissue,doctorscanmoreeasily identifyproblemareaswithinthepatient.themostcommonlyusedcompoundsforthese contrastagentscontaingadolinium.however,whenusedinpatientswithacuterenal failureorend)stagerenaldisease,thesegadolinium)basedagentsmayleadtoarare diseasecallednephrogenicsystemicfibrosis(nsf).nsfresultsinhyperpigmentationand hardeningoftheskin,localizedtotheextremities.thepercentageofthosediagnosedafter exposuretogadolinium)basedagentsisroughly4%,withmortalityapproaching31%. Sincethereiscurrentlynoprovenlong)termtreatmentforNSF,thereisaneedforan alternativetogadolinium)basedagents.bycreatingajanus)typenanoparticleusingmno andfe3o4,themanganesehelpstoenhancethet₁signalwhiletheironoxide reducesthet₂signalsofabsorbingtissues.thesecharacteristicsleadtoan effectivebiphasicnanoparticlethatisusefulasacontrastagent,specificallyonethatisa successfulalternativetothosethataregadolinium)based.thesejanus)typebiphasic nanoparticlescanbecreatedviaelectrospinning,aprocessthatusesanelectricchargesto drawoutnanoscalefibersfromaliquid.toachievenanoparticlesratherthannanofibers, thevoltagecanbeincreasedtoyieldsmall,highlychargeddroplets. ' Name:JoseGarcia Title: ChitosannanoparticlesfortheadvanceddeliveryofPhotodynamictherapydrugs" Advisor:Dr.BrianSorg Department:BiomedicalEngineering Year:Senior Abstract:Overthepastdecade,photodynamictherapy(PDT)hasbeenanincreasingly usedmethodfortreatingcancerinhumanpatients.pdthowever,hasitsdrawbacksinthat thedrugsinjectedintothebodyexhibitfactorssuchaspoorsolubility,poorcirculation half)timeinthebodyandminimalselectiveuptakebytumorsites.withthisinmind,the purposeofthisprojectwastocreatenanoparticleswhichselectivelydeliverpdtdrugsto targettumorsites(viatheepreffect)whileavoidingclearancefromthebloodstream.

15 Currentsynthesizednanoparticleswerefoundtohaveameandiameterof154nmalong withasingletoxygencreatingefficacyof51%ascomparedtothatoffree)floatingpdt drug.furtherstudieswillshoweffectiveuseofthesenanoparticlesinshrinkingtumorsin animalmodels. Name:StefanyHolguin Title: Modulatingcollagenandelastingeometrythroughelectrospinningasaplatformfor vasculargrafts" Advisor:Dr.JosephineAllen Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Senior Abstract:"AccordingtheAmericanHeartAssociation,approximatelyevery25seconds, cardiovasculardiseasewillchangethelifeofanamerican.everyminute,anamericanwill diefromacoronaryevent[1].thus,thereisanobvious,urgentneedfortherapiesto remedytheeffectsofcardiovasculardisease.thefundamentalprincipleofmaterials scienceupholdsevenwithintheareasofcardiovasculartissueengineeringresearch how doesprocessingaffectstructurethattherebyaffectsperformance?cellmolecularbiologyis subsequentlytriggeredbysubstratemorphology.thequestionremains,canelectrospun nanofibersofcollagenandelastinbespunatdifferentdensitiesandorientation,thereby affectinghmscbehaviorssuchascellproliferation,focaladhesiondistributionand ultimatelydifferentiation. TheAllenresearchgroupattheUniversityofFloridaaimstoprovidesuchatissue engineeredtreatment,withtheultimategoalbeinganengineeringbloodvesselfor replacementofdiseasedsegmentsofthevasculature.beingthatbloodvesselsaredivided intothreemajorlayers adventitia,media,andintima,itiscriticaltostudyextracellular proteinsthatplayacriticalroleinmaintainingtheframeworkofabloodvessel.in particular,collagenandelastinrespectivelyprovidetensilestrengthandelasticity, contributingtosupportofthevessel.previousresearchhassuggestedthatsuchavessel canbeengineeredfromelectrospunproteins(likecollagenandelastin),producinga scaffoldmimickingthetextureofnaturaltissuematerials[2].however,thereisyetan understandingoftheeffectsofelectrospunfibermorphologyoncellbehavior.suchastudy willprovideengineerswithafundamentalunderstandingoftheeffectof structure/morphologyofafiberoncellproliferationandadhesion." Name:KristiLim Title: Poly(ethyleneglycol)DiacrylateHydrogelsforDiagnosticPurposes" Advisor:Dr.JenniferAndrew Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Senior Abstract:Thisprojectisaimedatdesigninganenzymaticallycleavablehydrogelto diagnoselungcancer.toachievethis,apeptidesequencewillbeincorporatedintoa poly(ethyleneglycol)diacrylate(pegda)polymerbackbone.theresultingpegda)peptide polymerwillbepolymerizedwithvaryingmolecularweightsofpegdatotailorthe degradationprofileofthegel.itisexpectedthatthehydrogelswilldegradeenzymatically onlyinthepresenceoftheappropriateenzymeandthatitwillalsoslowlydegrade hydrolyticallyintheeventthatthetargetenzymeisnotpresenttocleavethegel.

16 Luminescentquantumdotnanoparticleswillalsobeincorporatedintothehydrogelmatrix inordertosignalthatthematrixhasdegradedandwillbeusedasaurinaryreporter Name:JohnParilla Title: EmbossingLow)DensityPolyethlyeneforAnti)Fouling" Advisor:Dr.AnthonyBrennan Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Senior Abstract:TheSharklet topographicaldesignisaviableno)kill,non)toxicsolutionto bacterialgrowthonsurfaces[1].siliconbasedpolymersaretheoriginalbasesurfacethat thetechnologyworkswith.however,thesiliconbasedpolymers,likepoly(dimethyl siloxane)elastomer(pdmse),haveproperties,suchasmodulus,thatlackcomparedto otherpolymers.forthisreason,alternativematerialswereinvestigatedbyjackson[2].it s beenshownthatthesespecifictopographiescanbetransferredviapdmseorsiliconwafer moldspeciesthroughathermalembossingprocess.low)densitypolyethylene(ldpe)isa viablecandidateforinvestigationbecauseithasaconsiderablyhighermoduluswhich wouldpreventfeaturesfromcollapsingandtoppling.athermalembossingprocesswillbe usedtoreplicatethesharklet topographyontoldpefilms;sessiledropwatercontact angle,scanningelectronmicroscopy,andopticalmicroscopywillbeconductedtoensure replication. Name:PhilipSchlenoff Title:"Antibody)coatedMagneticNanoparticles:TargetingandTreatingCancerina DynamicEnvironment" Advisor:Dr.JosephSchlenoff Department:Chemistry(FloridaStateUniversity) Year:Sophomore Abstract:Nanoparticlesarerapidlygainingpopularityfortheiruseinthefightagainst cancer.attachedtoantibodies,theyhavethepowerfulabilitytoslipthroughcapillarywalls andtargettumors.onceinside,ironoxidenanoparticlescanbetargetedusingrfkilling tumorcellswithlocalizedheat.theseparticles,however,faceahazardousenvironmentin thebodyandmustbemodifiedwithligandstohelpthemreachtheirtarget.thisproject achievesthesynthesisandmodificationofmagneticnanoparticles,coatingthemwith antibodiesandtheuniquestabilizingzwitterionsbs.oncedeveloped,theparticleswere testedinananimal)simulatingenvironmenttoevaluatetargetingandthermalablationof tumorcells.thetreatmentsucceededintargetingandablatingahighnumberofthetumor cells,whiledeathcountofthecontrolcellswasnegligible. Name:LauraVillada Title: SurfacePropertiesofAmphiphilicHydrogels" Advisor:Dr.AnthonyBrennan Department:MaterialsScienceandEngineering Year:Senior Abstract:Surfacechemistryofamaterialinfluencesitsbiofoulingbehavior.Aseriesof amphiphiliccross)linkednetworks/hydrogelswillbecreatedtosystematicallyvarytheir surfaceenergies.thehysteresisandthesurfaceenergywillbecalculated.thegelswillbe

17 examinedbymeasuringthestaticanddynamiccontactangles.thesurfacewillalsobe examinedwithftirforfurtherunderstandingofthechemicalstructures.thedifferent compositionswillalsobestudiedusingswellingandcompressiontestingtoexaminethe correlation,asfarasfoulingproperties,withsurfaceenergyifanyandtotheamountof proteinadsorption.proteinadsorptioncanbeusetoscreenthematerialsforantifouling properties.proteinadsorptionwillbestudiedinordertodeterminetheantifouling propertiesofthedifferentcompositions.furtherworkincludestheadditionofproteinto thehydrogelnetworkinordertostudycellgrowth/attachment,basedonthesame concept.atrendinthecontactangleisexpectedforincreasingamountofhydrophobic monomer;adecreaseincontactanglemeasuredwiththesessiledropmethodandan increaseincontactanglewiththecaptiveairbubblemethod.surfacesthataremore hydrophilicareexpectedtoexhibitlessproteinadsorption.