Transcription & Translation Practice Examination

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Students must provide an explanation for all problems. Students must have parent signature prior to submission. 1. A DNA molecule with the base sequence A-G-C-T-C-A was used as a template for the synthesis of a messenger RNA molecule. Which base sequence correctly represents the corresponding portion of this RNA molecule? 1. A. T-C-A-G-C-A B. U-C-G-A-G-U C. A-G-C-U-C-A D. A-T-G-A-C-T 2. Which is the correct identification of the parts of the DNA nucleotide in the diagram shown? 2. A. A=uracil, B=deoxyribose, C=thymine B. A=phosphate, B=ribose, C=uracil C. A=thymine, B=ribose, C=uracil D. A=phosphate, B=deoxyribose, C=thymine 3. Select the nucleic acid molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement shown. 3. Contains thymine A. DNA, only B. Messenger RNA, only C. Transfer RNA, only D. DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA page 1

2 4. A portion of a DNA molecule is represented by 4. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D A portion of a messenger RNA molecule is represented by 5. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D The messenger RNA codon for methionin is 6. A. TAC B. UAC C. ATG D. AUG page 2

3 7. Select the nucleic acid molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement shown. 7. Carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm A. DNA, only B. Messenger RNA, only C. Transfer RNA, only D. DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA 8. Select the nucleic acid molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement shown. 8. Composed of nucleotides A. DNA, only B. Messenger RNA, only C. Transfer RNA, only D. DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA page 3

4 9. If the diagram represents a part of the process of protein synthesis, strand A would 9. A. serve as a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA B. carry a code determined by the original DNA molecule from the nucleus to the cytoplasm C. pick up and transfer specific amino acids to the cytoplasm D. pick up and transfer nucleic acids to the nucleus 10. Which statement best describes messenger RNA? 10. A. It transfers polypeptides to the nucleus. B. It is chemically more complex than DNA. C. It has one oxygen atom less than DNA. D. It is composed of a single strand of nucleotides. page 4

5 11. The correct order of molecules involved in protein synthesis is 11. A. messenger RNA, transfer RNA, DNA, polypeptide B. DNA, messenger RNA, polypeptide, transfer RNA C. transfer RNA, polypeptide, DNA, messenger RNA, DNA D. DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, polypeptide 12. The diagram shown represents molecular structures involved in protein synthesis. Structure 2 is synthesized in the 12. A. nucleus B. vacuole C. ribosome D. lysosome page 5

6 13. The diagram represents molecules invovled in protein synthesis. 13. Where do the chemical reactions that are coded for by molecule 2 take place? A. in the vacuole B. on the plasma membrane C. in the lysosome D. at ribosomes 14. What is the complementary messenger-rna sequence for the DNA sequence shown? 14. A. C A A G G U B. G T T C C A C. G U U C C A D. C A A G G T 15. Select the biochemical molecules, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement shown. 15. Receives the genetic code for a particular protein from a strand of DNA A. mrna B. trna C. DNA D. ATP page 6

7 16. The process represented in the diagram occurs on the cell organelle known as a 16. A. vacuole B. ribosome C. chloroplast D. mitochondrion 17. Shown are some cell structures and events associated with enzyme synthesis. The long chain of molecules indicated by letter Y is known as a 17. A. nucleotide B. polypeptide C. monosaccharide D. polysaccharide 18. Shown are some cell structures and events associated with enzyme synthesis. The codon that bonds with the structure indicated by X is 18. A. U-A-G B. G-T-U C. U-T-G D. G-A-U page 7

8 19. Select the nucleic acid component, chosen from the diagrams shown, that is best described by the statement: 19. Carries a code from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. A. B. C. D. page 8

9 20. Select the nucleic acid component, chosen from the diagrams shown, that is best described by the statement: 20. Is initially affected by a gene mutation A. B. C. D. page 9

10 21. The difference in amino acids indicated in the circle portion of the diagram shown causes a change in the shape of red blood cells. What is the probable cause of this difference in the hemoglobin molecules? 21. Amino Acids Glu = glutamic acid His = histadine Leu = leucine Lys = lysine Pro = proline Thr = threonine Val = valine A. the inability to synthesize a specific enzyme, causing an accumulation of fat B. the substitution of one kind of nucleotide for another in a DNA molecule C. an abnormal metabolism of phenylalanine D. a recessive allele located on an X-chromosome 22. Messenger RNA (mrna) Codes for Selected Amino Acids 22. Amino Acid Leucine Arginine Phenylalanine Valine Lysine mrna Code C C A C G A U U U G U U A A A Which base sequence of a DNA molecule produces a codon on an mrna molecule that will allow the amino acid arginine to be incorporated into a protein? A. C G A B. G C T C. C G U D. G C U page 10

11 23. Some events that take place during the synthesis of a specific protein are listed. 23. A) Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome. B) DNA serves as a template for RNA production. C) Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon. D) Amino acids are bonded together. E) RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The correct order of these events is A. B E A C D B. D A E C B C. B C E D A D. C B A E D 24. As part of its structure, a known gene contains the base sequence A-A-T-C-G-A. An alteration of this sequence to A-A-C-C-G-A is known as a 24. A. deletion B. disjunction C. mutation D. segregation 25. Select the term, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement shown. 25. A particular sequence of neucleotide triplets that determines the order of amino acids assembled during protein synthesis A. Genetic Code B. Gene mutation C. Gene frequency D. Genotype page 11

12 26. What will happen if a base sequence of a strand of DNA is changed from A T G to A T C? 26. A. The m RNA will be changed from U A C to U A G. B. The t RNA will be changed from U A C to T A C. C. The m RNA will be changed from T U C to T U G. D. The t RNA will be changed from C A U to C A C. 27. The accompanying diagrams represent portions of the genes that code for wing structure in two organisms of the same species. Gene 1 was taken from the cells of a female with normal wings, and gene 2 was taken from the cells of a female with abnormal wings. 27. The abnormal wing structure was most likely due to A. an insertion B. a substitution C. a deletion D. normal replication page 12

13 28. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and chart below and on your knowledge of biology. 28. In DNA, a sequence of three bases is a code for the placement of a certain amino acid in a protein chain. The table below shows some amino acids with their abbreviations and DNA codes Which amino acid chain would be produced by the DNA base sequence below? C-A-A-G-T-T-A-A-A-T-T-A-T-T-G-T-G-A A. B. C. D. page 13

14 29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Universal Genetic Code Chart below and on your knowledge of biology. 29. Complete the missing mrna base sequences for plant species B in the table above. page 14

15 30. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. 30. DNA samples were taken from three different species and used to determine the amino acid sequence for a portion of a particular protein. The amino acids were then compared in order to determine which species were most closely related. Some of the information is shown on the table below. Species A DNA base sequence mrna base sequence amino acid sequence GAC CUG LEU TGA ACU THR CTC GAG CAC GUG VAL TGA ACU Species B DNA base sequence mrna base sequence amino acid sequence GAC LEU AGA UCU CTT GAA CAC VAL TGA ACU THR Species C DNA base sequence mrna base sequence amino acid sequence GAC CUG LEU TGC THR CAC GUG VAL CTC GLU AGA UCU SER Using the Universal Genetic Code Chart below, fill in the missing amino acid sequences in the table for species A and species B. Universal Genetic Code Chart Messenger RNA Codons and the Amino Acids for Which They Code page 15