Handbook of Materials. for. Nanomedicine

Transcription

1 Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine

2 Pan Stanford Series on Biomedical Nanotechnology Volume 1 Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine Editors Vladimir Torchilin Mansoor M Amiji Northeastern University, USA

3 Published by Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3 8 Temasek Boulevard Singapore editorial@panstanford.com Web: British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine Copyright 2010 by Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN (Hardcover) ISBN (ebook) Printed in Singapore.

4 Preface Nanotechnology has tremendous potential in disease diagnosis, imaging, monitoring, and therapy. The United States National Institutes of Health has defined nanomedicine as a molecular scale intervention for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The subject of nanomedicine is already considered in thousands of original articles and dozens of reviews and monographs. Still, the knowledge in this area is being accumulated so fast that it justifies the appearance of new publication or even book series. The main objective of the Series on Biomedical Nanotechnology developed with Pan Stanford Publishing is to foster greater understanding of this multidisciplinary field that ranges from basic and applied sciences and engineering to clinical practice. Each of the volumes in the series will be covering a major area of nanotechnology application in biology and medicine and will be specifically written with emphasis on challenges and opportunities that lie at the interfaces of various fields and the potential to solve important biomedical problems. The series opens with a two-part volume on materials for nanomedicine. In our opinion, this is a right choice since before going into basics and applications, we have to clearly understand what current material science can offer for nanofabrication in different areas of medicine including the application of nanocarriers for delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In Part 1, organic nano-structures with potential for disease diagnosis and therapy are being illustrated. Specific examples include polymeric nano-delivery systems including conjugates, nanoparticles, nano-assemblies, micelles, dendrimers, and combinatorial synthesis of novel polymeric materials, and lipid-based nanosystems, such as liposomes, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liquid crystalline lipidic nanostructures, nano-ampiphilies, nano-emulsions, and nano-crystals. Part 2 focuses on inorganic nano-structures in biology and medicine, including gold nano-rods and nanoshells, metal oxide nano-porous templates, carbon nanotubes, calcium phosphate, silica nanostructures, and other inorganic

5 vi Preface nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery and for tissue engineering/regenerative medicine. All individual chapters are written by leading world experts in corresponding fields and the editors are extremely grateful to all of the contributors for providing the chapters with state-of-thescience in this field. Certainly even a two-part volume will not be able to cover completely all the materials currently being developed and under development for use in nanomedicine, but we believe this book will provide a good representation of the field and covers the major developments. We hope it will serve to foster and facilitate collaborations amongst basic and applied scientists and engineers with clinical researchers and practitioners to further nanomedicine from the bench to the bedside. We will be grateful to our readers for their comments, which will help to improve future volumes in the Biomedical Nanotechnology series. Authors Vladimir Torchilin, Mansoor Amiji Boston

6 Contents Preface v Part 1 Organic Nanostructures 1 1A. Polymeric Nanostructures 1 Chapter 1: Synthetic Polymer-Drug Conjugates for Human Therapy 5 Karel Ulbrich and Vladimir Zubr Chapter 2: Polymeric Nanoparticles as Target- Specific Delivery Systems 81 Arun Iyer, Srinivas Ganta and Mansoor Amiji Chapter 3: Layer by Layer Microencapsulate Technology as Basis for Fabrication of Drug Delivery Nanosystems with Remote Controlling Properties 131 Olga A. Inozemtseva, Sergey A. Portnov, Tatyana A. Kolesnikova, Dmitry A. Gorin and Gleb B. Sukhorukov Chapter 4: Polymeric Micelles as Versatile Carriers for Drugs and Nucleic Acids Delivery 169 Mahmoud Elsabahy, Marie-Hélène Dufresne and Jean-Christophe Leroux Chapter 5: Dendrimer-Based Nanomaterials 235 Kihoon Nam, Hye Yeong Nam and Jong-Sang Park Chapter 6: Synthesis and Biodisposition of Dendrimer Composite Nanoparticles 255 Lajos P. Balogh, Donald E. Mager and Mohamed K. Khan

7 viii Contents Chapter 7: Combinatorial Polymer and Lipidoid Libraries for Nanomedicine 291 Jordan J. Green, Robert Langer and Daniel G. Anderson 1B. Lipid-Based and Other Organic Structures 313 Chapter 8: Liposomal Nanomedicines 315 Vladimir Torchilin Chapter 9: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) for Drug Delivery 383 Judith Kuntsche and Karsten Mäder Chapter 10: Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Liquid Crystalline Phases 445 Heike Bunjes and Judith Kuntsche Chapter 11: Nanomedicines from Polymeric Amphiphiles 495 Ijeoma F. Uchegbu, Majella Lane and Andreas G. Schatzlein Chapter 12: Materials for Nanoemulsions and their Influence on the Biofate 515 Eva Rozentur, Taher Nassar and Simon Benita Chapter 13: smartcrystals Review of the Second Generation of Drug Nanocrystals 555 Cornelia M. Keck and Rainer H. Müller Part 2 Inorganic Nanostructures 581 2A. Metal Structures 583 Chapter 14: Plasmon-Resonant Gold Nanorods as Multifunctional Agents for Diagnostics, Imaging, and Photothermal Therapy 585 Qingshan Wei and Alexander Wei

8 Contents ix Chapter 15: Biomedical Applications of Multifunctional Silica-Based Gold Nanoshells 633 Lissett R. Bickford, Emily S. Day, Ying Hu, Jiantang Sun, Kun Fu, Joseph Chang, Nastassja A. Lewinski, Tse-Kuan Yu and Rebekah A. Drezek Chapter 16: Metal Oxide Nanoarchitectures for Biotemplating Application 663 Ketul C. Popat and Tejal A. Desai 2B. Miscellaneous Inorganic Structures 689 Chapter 17: Fluorescent Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications 691 Kelly Kenniff, Keith Payton and Swadeshmukul Santra Chapter 18: Progress and Road Blocks In the Development of Carbon Nanotubes as Cellular Carriers for Nucleic Acids 723 Bridget D. Dolash and Donald E. Bergstrom Chapter 19: Lipid Coated Microbubbles and Nanodroplets as Tools for Biomedical Nanotechnology 749 Evan Unger and Terry O. Matsunaga Chapter 20: Inorganic Nanoparticles as Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery 787 Savita Bisht and Amarnath Maitra Chapter 21: Biomimetic Applications in Regenerative Medicine: Scaffolds, Transplantation Modules, Tissue Homing Devices and Stem Cells 821 David W Green and Besim Ben-Nissan