Faculty ALTMAN, ROBIN AVERY, WILLIAM E. BALLARD, RUTH E. BAXTER, JAMES W. COLEMAN, RONALD M. CRAWFORD, ROBERT DAVIDSON, TIMOTHY EWING, NICHOLAS N.

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1 Biological Sciences BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Program Description The Department of Biological Sciences offers both undergraduate and graduate degree programs. At the undergraduate level, students are able to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree, a Bachelor of Science degree, or a Minor in Biological Sciences. Within the Bachelor of Science degree program students may focus their work by selecting one or more of the following concentrations: Biomedical Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology, Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Forensic Biology, or Microbiology; or students may choose to obtain the Bachelor of Science in General Biology. At the Graduate level, students may earn a Master of Arts or Master of Science degree in Biological Sciences and may also focus their work by pursuing a concentration in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation or in Molecular and Cellular Biology within the Master of Science in Biological Sciences. Special Features An Academic Achievement Certificate in Issues in Natural Resource Management may be earned with coursework beyond the B.S. Laboratory experiences are included with most major s courses, giving students an exceptional level of on-hands training during the degree program. The Department maintains a large collection of thousands of living and preserved plants and animals that are used for instruction, research, and public outreach. A complete list of the Department s current collections can be found on the Department s webpage ( Students have the opportunity to engage in research in a wide range of projects with individual faculty and through two Universityrecognized centers, each of which is composed of a crossdisciplinary interdepartmental group of faculty: CREST (the Center for Regional Environmental Science and Technology) and CIMERA (the Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Biology Education, Research and Advancement). The Sierra Nevada and the Pacific Coast are equally accessible from Sacramento, providing field biology students the opportunity to study an extraordinary number of varied habitats. Sacramento State is one of the seven participating CSU campuses at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) near Monterey. Located in the State Capital, Sacramento State provides a unique opportunity for students to become involved with various State and Federal agencies through biological internships and part-time employment. Public agencies, hospitals, clinics, and private health practices in the Sacramento area provide opportunities for students interested in the health care fields. Contact Information Shannon Datwyler, Department Chair Nancy Angell, Administrative Support Coordinator Sequoia Hall 0 (96) ( Faculty ALTMAN, ROBIN AVERY, WILLIAM E. BALLARD, RUTH E. BAXTER, JAMES W. COLEMAN, RONALD M. CRAWFORD, ROBERT DATWYLER, SHANNON L. DAVIDSON, TIMOTHY EWING, NICHOLAS N. GLEASON, LANI GONZALEZ, ENID T. HOLLAND, BRETT T. KIRVAN, CHRISTINE A. KNEITEL, JAMIE M. LANDERHOLM, THOMAS E. LINDGREN, SUSANNE W. LUNDMARK, JENNIFER ANN MCDONALD, KELLY MULLIGAN, KIMBERLY NGUYEN, HAO PEAVY, THOMAS R. PITZER, JR., JIMMY RECHS, ADAM J. SPROWLS, ROSALEE WRIGHT, T. MICHAEL Undergraduate Programs The Biological Sciences program at Sacramento State is one of the most highly sought after programs in Northern California. Due to the large number of applications, the program is now officially impacted. Students wishing to become Biological Science majors must complete a series of required lower division and then must apply for admission to the program. Check the department website for requirements, and it is highly recommended that interested students speak with an advisor at the Natural Sciences Advising Center (NSAC) as soon as possible. Freshmen interested in the major are admitted as pre-biological Science majors. To change to the Biological Sciences major, pre-major students are required to complete the following courses and grade requirements and

2 Biological Sciences submit a Declaration of Major form to the Biological Science Department Office along with transcript copies.. Completion of the following lower division "pre-major" courses with a minimum "C" or better. Only first or second attempt will be considered: BIO Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology (or equivalent) BIO Cells, Molecules and Genes (or equivalent) 5 CHEM A General Chemistry I (or equivalent) 5 STAT Introduction to Statistics (or equivalent) 3 ENGL 5 Accelerated Academic Literacies (or equivalent) 3. Overall GPA of.5 based on the pre-major courses listed above. 3. Minimum of 30 units completed at the college level. BA in Biological Science Units required for Major: 6-66 Minimum total units required for the BA: 0 Required Lower Division Courses (37-4 Units) BIO Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology 5 BIO Cells, Molecules and Genes 5 CHEM A General Chemistry I 5 CHEM B General Chemistry II 5 Select one of the following: 3-6 CHEM 0 Organic Chemistry Lecture--Brief Course CHEM 4 & CHEM 4 Organic Chemistry Lecture I Organic Chemistry Lecture II Select one of the following: 3-4 MATH 6A MATH 30 Calculus I for the Social and Life Sciences Calculus I PHYS 5A General Physics: Mechanics, Heat, Sound 4 PHYS 5B General Physics: Light, Electricity and Magnetism, Modern Physics STAT Introduction to Statistics 3 Required Upper Division Courses ( Units) BIO 00 Introduction to Scientific Analysis BIO Molecular Cell Biology 3 BIO 39 General Microbiology 4 BIO 60 General Ecology 3 BIO 84 General Genetics 4 BIO 88 Evolution 3 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry 3 Elective Courses (3 Units) Select one course from the following Structure and Function Electives: BIO 04 BIO BIO 3 BIO 6 BIO 7 BIO 8 Physiology of Human Reproduction Advanced Human Anatomy Neuroanatomy Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Developmental Biology Plant Anatomy and Physiology BIO 30 BIO 3 BIO 3 BIO 33 BIO 35 Histology Systemic Physiology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Renal Physiology Endocrinology Total Units 6-66 Notes: CHEM 4 and CHEM 4 may be taken in lieu of CHEM 0. (CHEM 4 is not counted toward the 4 upper division unit requirement in the major.) CHEM 60A and CHEM 60B may be taken in lieu of CHEM 6. Only three units of the package may be counted toward the upper division major requirement. Pre-Health Professional students should take the Chemistry and Math requirements as stated in the Pre-Health Professional Program section of this catalog. BS in Biological Science Units required for Major: 73-85, includes units of study in chosen concentration (see below). Minimum total units required for the BS: 0- Note: CHEM 4 and CHEM 4 are required instead of CHEM 0 for the Biomedical Sciences Concentration. Additional units may be required to meet the Sacramento State foreign language requirement. Required Lower Division Core Courses (37-4 Units) BIO Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology 5 BIO Cells, Molecules and Genes 5 CHEM A General Chemistry I 5 CHEM B General Chemistry II 5 Select one of the following: 3-6 CHEM 0 Organic Chemistry Lecture--Brief Course CHEM 4 & CHEM 4 Organic Chemistry Lecture I Organic Chemistry Lecture II Select one of the following: 3-4 MATH 6A MATH 30 Calculus I for the Social and Life Sciences Calculus I PHYS 5A General Physics: Mechanics, Heat, Sound 4 PHYS 5B General Physics: Light, Electricity and Magnetism, Modern Physics STAT Introduction to Statistics 3 Required Upper Division Core Courses (6 Units) BIO 00 Introduction to Scientific Analysis BIO 84 General Genetics 4 Concentration (30-38 Units) Select from the following concentrations:

3 Biological Sciences 3 General Biology Biomedical Sciences Cell and Molecular Biology Clinical Laboratory Sciences Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Forensic Biology Microbiology Total Units Notes: CHEM 4 and CHEM 4 may be taken in lieu of CHEM 0. (CHEM 4 is not counted toward the 36 upper division unit requirement in the major except in the Biomedical Sciences Concentration.) Pre-Health Professional students should take the Chemistry and Math requirements as stated in the Pre-Health Professional Program section of this catalog. With approval, up to six units of upper division coursework from related fields may be applied as electives in the major. No more than units from the following combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement. BIO 95 Biological Internship - BIO 97A Laboratory Teaching Assistant - BIO 97B Laboratory Techniques - BIO 97C Co-curricular Activities in Biology - BIO 99A Introductory Undergraduate Research - BIO 99B Directed Readings - Additional Requirements for Concentrations Units required: Concentration - General Biology Units required for concentration: 30 The general biology concentration is intended to give students a broad training in the Biological Sciences and an opportunity to explore a wide range of elective courses. It also provides necessary preparation for most graduate programs and selected entry level technical positions in industry and government. The BS in Biological Sciences meets requirements leading to the Biology Subject Matter Competency Teaching Credential (with three supplemental geoscience and environmental studies courses) and also satisfies requirements for admission to health professional schools (with additional coursework in Math and Chemistry). Required Courses (6 Units) BIO Molecular Cell Biology 3 BIO 39 General Microbiology 4 BIO 60 General Ecology 3 BIO 88 Evolution 3 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry 3 Elective Courses (4 Units) Select one of the following Structure and Function electives: 3 BIO 04 BIO BIO 3 BIO 6 BIO 7 BIO 8 BIO 30 BIO 3 BIO 3 BIO 33 Physiology of Human Reproduction Advanced Human Anatomy Neuroanatomy Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Developmental Biology Plant Anatomy and Physiology Histology Systemic Physiology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Renal Physiology Select additional upper division elective courses in consultation with an advisor to total 4 total upper division elective units. Total Units 30 CHEM 60A and CHEM 60B may be taken in lieu of CHEM 6. Only three units of the package may be counted toward the upper division requirement. Concentration - Biomedical Sciences Units required for concentration: 34 The concentration in Biomedical Sciences is designed to prepare students for graduate study in the anatomical and physiological sciences or for health professional training (Medical, Veterinary, Physical Therapy, Nursing, Pharmacy, or other health professions). Required Courses ( Units) BIO Introductory Human Anatomy 4 BIO Molecular Cell Biology 3 BIO 3 Systemic Physiology 4 BIO 39 General Microbiology 4 CHEM 5 Organic Chemistry Laboratory 3 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry 3 Elective Courses (3 Units) Select one of the following Structure and Function electives: 3 BIO 04 BIO BIO 3 BIO 6 BIO 7 BIO 8 BIO 30 BIO 3 BIO 33 Physiology of Human Reproduction Advanced Human Anatomy Neuroanatomy Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Developmental Biology Plant Anatomy and Physiology Histology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Renal Physiology Select one of the following Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity electives: Part A: Biodiversity Electives BIO 03 BIO BIO 45 BIO 5 BIO 57 Plants and Civilization Plant Taxonomy The Diversity of Microorganisms Human Parasitology General Entomology 3

4 4 Biological Sciences BIO 6 BIO 64 BIO 66 BIO 68 Ichthyology: The Study of Fishes Amphibians and Reptiles: An Introduction to Herpetology Ornithology Mammalogy Part B: Ecology and Evolution Electives BIO 3 BIO 8 BIO 60 BIO 69 BIO 73 BIO 79 BIO/ENVS 86B BIO 88 Evolution and Speciation in Flowering Plants Natural Resource Conservation General Ecology Animal Behavior Principles of Fisheries Biology Principles of Wildlife Management Ecological and Environmental Issues Seminar Evolution Select additional electives in consultation with an advisor to total 3 upper division elective units Total Units 34 Note: Students in Biomedical Sciences concentration must take CHEM 4 and CHEM 4 instead of CHEM 0. Concentration - Cell and Molecular Biology Units required for concentration: 35 The concentration in Cell and Molecular Biology is designed for students interested in advanced studies at the Masters or Ph.D. level, students pursuing career working in biotechnology, or pre-health professions majors pursuing a fundamental understanding of the bimolecular basis of disease. Students completing the degree requirements for the Cell and Molecular Biology concentration also fulfills the requirements for a minor in Chemistry. Required Courses (5 Units) BIO Molecular Cell Biology 3 BIO 80 Advanced Molecular Biology 4 BIO 87 Advanced Cell Biology 4 BIO 88 Evolution 3 CHEM 0L Introductory Organic Chemistry Laboratory CHEM 3 Quantitative Analysis 4 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry 3 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry Laboratory 3 Elective Courses (0 Units) Select one of the following: 4 BIO 6 BIO 7 BIO 8 BIO 3 Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Developmental Biology Plant Anatomy and Physiology Systemic Physiology Select one of the following Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity electives: Part A: Biodiversity Electives BIO 03 BIO BIO 45 Plants and Civilization Plant Taxonomy The Diversity of Microorganisms 7 3 BIO 5 BIO 57 BIO 6 BIO 64 BIO 66 Human Parasitology General Entomology Ichthyology: The Study of Fishes Amphibians and Reptiles: An Introduction to Herpetology Ornithology Part B: Ecology and Evolution Electives BIO 3 BIO 8 BIO 60 BIO 69 BIO 73 BIO 79 BIO/ENVS 86B Evolution and Speciation in Flowering Plants Natural Resource Conservation General Ecology Animal Behavior Principles of Fisheries Biology Principles of Wildlife Management Ecological and Environmental Issues Seminar Select additional upper division electives in consultation with an advisor to total 0 units. Total Units 35 CHEM 60A and CHEM 60B may be taken in lieu of CHEM 6. Only three units of the package may be counted toward the upper division major requirement. CHEM 6 is included in the 36 upper division unit requirement for this concentration. Concentration - Clinical Laboratory Sciences Units required for concentration: 35 The curriculum in Clinical Laboratory Sciences meets the undergraduate coursework requirements of the State of California for eligibility to take a Clinical Laboratory Scientist (CSL) licensure examination. Eligibility to take a licensure examination also requires a one year (CLS) internship training program at a state approved clinical laboratory. Completion of BS degree requirements in the Clinical Laboratory Sciences concentration does not guarantee admission to a CLS internship training program. Information on admission criteria and application procedures for the various CLS internship training programs throughout the state is available through California Association for Medical Laboratory Technology (CAMLT) at their Web site Required courses (35 Units) BIO Molecular Cell Biology 3 BIO 4 Clinical Hematology 3 BIO 3 Systemic Physiology 4 BIO 39 General Microbiology 4 BIO 44 Pathogenic Bacteriology 4 BIO 49A Immunology 3 BIO 49B Immunology and Serology Laboratory BIO 5 Human Parasitology 3 CHEM 3 Quantitative Analysis 4 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry 3 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry Laboratory 3 Total Units 35 3

5 Biological Sciences 5 CHEM 60A and CHEM 60B may be taken in lieu of CHEM 6. Only three units of the package may be counted toward the upper division requirement. CHEM 6 can be included in the 36 upper division unit requirement for this concentration. Note: A minor in Chemistry may be attained if either CHEM 0L or CHEM 5 is taken. Concentration - Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Units required for concentration: 30 The concentration in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation is designed for students interested in wildlife management conservation biology, or pursuing graduate study in ecological and evolutionary approaches in the Biological Sciences. By choosing the Conservation Biology advising track, students get necessary training for a career working with local, state, or federal agencies as a biologist or environmental scientist. The Ecology and Evolution advising track is designed to prepare students for graduate study in the Biological Sciences. Required Courses (4 Units) BIO 60 General Ecology 3 BIO 67 Quantitative Methods in Biology 3 BIO 78 Molecular Ecology 4 BIO/ENVS 86B Ecological and Environmental Issues Seminar BIO 88 Evolution 3 Elective Courses (6 Units) Select one of the following Structure and Function electives: 3 BIO 04 BIO BIO 3 BIO 6 BIO 7 BIO 8 BIO 30 BIO 3 BIO 3 BIO 33 Physiology of Human Reproduction Advanced Human Anatomy Neuroanatomy Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Developmental Biology Plant Anatomy and Physiology Histology Systemic Physiology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Renal Physiology Select three of the following Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity 9 electives: Part A: Biodiversity Electives BIO 03 BIO BIO 45 BIO 5 BIO 57 BIO 6 BIO 64 BIO 66 BIO 68 Plants and Civilization Plant Taxonomy The Diversity of Microorganisms Human Parasitology General Entomology Ichthyology: The Study of Fishes Amphibians and Reptiles: An Introduction to Herpetology Ornithology Mammalogy Part B: Ecology and Evolution Electives BIO 3 Evolution and Speciation in Flowering Plants BIO 8 BIO 69 BIO 73 BIO 79 Natural Resource Conservation Animal Behavior Principles of Fisheries Biology Principles of Wildlife Management Select additional upper division elective courses in consultation with an advisor to total 6 upper division elective units Total Units 30 At least one course must be from Part A and one course from Part B (each course must be a minimum of 3 units). Concentration - Forensic Biology Units required for concentration: 38 The curriculum in Forensic Biology is designed to prepare students for careers as criminalist specializing in the analysis and interpretation of serological and DNA evidence. This curriculum meets the educational requirements for entry level career positions with city, county, and federal agencies. Students selecting this concentration are urged to pursue internship opportunities (BIO 95), such as those available through the Sacramento County Coroner's Office, and/or directed research (BIO 99A or BIO 99B) with a faculty member in Biological Sciences or Chemistry who utilizes molecular biology techniques and instrumentation. Students completing the requirements for a concentration in Forensic Biology also fulfill the requirements for a minor in Chemistry. Required Courses (3 Units) BIO Molecular Cell Biology 3 BIO 50 Forensic Biology 3 BIO 5 Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Forensic Biology BIO 80 Advanced Molecular Biology 4 CHEM 0L Introductory Organic Chemistry Laboratory CHEM 3 Quantitative Analysis 4 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry 3 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry Laboratory 3 CRJ 4 General Investigative Techniques 3 CRJ 54 Introduction to Physical Evidence 3 Select one of the following: 3 CRJ CRJ 4 CRJ 8 Elective Courses (6 Units) Gangs and Threat Groups in America Sexual Offenses and Offenders Drug Abuse and Criminal Behavior Select one of the following Structure and Function electives: 3 BIO 04 BIO BIO 3 BIO 6 BIO 7 BIO 8 BIO 30 BIO 3 BIO 3 BIO 33 Physiology of Human Reproduction Advanced Human Anatomy Neuroanatomy Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Developmental Biology Plant Anatomy and Physiology Histology Systemic Physiology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Renal Physiology Select one of the following Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity electives: 4 3

6 6 Biological Sciences Part A: Biodiversity Electives BIO 03 BIO BIO 45 BIO 5 BIO 57 BIO 6 BIO 64 BIO 66 BIO 68 Plants and Civilization Plant Taxonomy The Diversity of Microorganisms Human Parasitology General Entomology Ichthyology: The Study of Fishes Amphibians and Reptiles: An Introduction to Herpetology Ornithology Mammalogy Part B: Ecology and Evolution Electives BIO 3 BIO 8 BIO 60 BIO 69 BIO 73 BIO 79 BIO/ENVS 86B BIO 88 Evolution and Speciation in Flowering Plants Natural Resource Conservation General Ecology Animal Behavior Principles of Fisheries Biology Principles of Wildlife Management Ecological and Environmental Issues Seminar Evolution Total Units 38 Select 7 units from the following Cell and Molecular Biology electives 7 or Clinical Laboratory Science and Infectious Disease electives: 3 Cell and Molecular Biology Electives BIO 49A BIO 50 BIO 5 Immunology Forensic Biology Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Forensic Biology BIO/FACS 70 Advanced Nutrition and Metabolism BIO 78 BIO 83 BIO 85 BIO 86A BIO 87 Molecular Ecology Cancer Biology Topics in Biology Cell and Molecular Biology Seminar Advanced Cell Biology Clinical Laboratory Science and Infectious Disease Electives BIO 34 BIO 40 Medical Mycology Medical Microbiology and Emerging Infectious Diseases 4 BIO 44 Pathogenic Bacteriology 4 BIO 49B Immunology and Serology Laboratory BIO 5 Human Parasitology HLSC 48 Epidemiology 5 Total Units 35 CHEM 60A and CHEM 60B may be taken in lieu of CHEM 6. Only three units of the package may be counted toward the upper division requirement. CHEM 6 can be included in the 36 upper division unit requirement for this concentration. Note: Students with a declared concentration in Forensic Biology do not need to take CRJ, CRJ or CRJ 0 as prerequisites for the CRJ courses required in this concentration. Concentration - Microbiology Units required for concentration: CHEM 60A and CHEM 60B may be taken in lieu of CHEM 6. Only three units of the package may be counted toward the upper division requirement. CHEM 6 can be included in the 36 upper division unit requirement for this concentration. Electives chosen in consultation with an advisor. BIO 4 and BIO 5 cannot be taken to fulfill the elective requirements for the Microbiology Concentration. Students may not receive credit for both BIO 40 and BIO 44. Cannot be counted for credit in the Clinical Laboratory Sciences concentration. Required for Public Health Microbiology Traineeship. The concentration in Microbiology is designed to prepare students for entry level technical positions in the industry and graduate programs in Microbiology leading to careers in research and teaching. This curriculum meets the educational requirements for various entry level career positions for biotechnology, environmental, pharmaceutical, wastewater treatment, and agricultural areas of microbiology. Concentration includes a minor in Chemistry. Required Courses (8 Units) BIO Molecular Cell Biology 3 BIO 39 General Microbiology 4 BIO 43 General Virology 3 BIO 45 The Diversity of Microorganisms 3 BIO 80 Advanced Molecular Biology 4 CHEM 0L Introductory Organic Chemistry Laboratory CHEM 3 Quantitative Analysis 4 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry 3 CHEM 6 General Biochemistry Laboratory 3 Elective Courses (7 Units) Elective Lists Elective List : Structure and Function Electives BIO 04 Physiology of Human Reproduction 3 BIO Advanced Human Anatomy 4 BIO 3 Neuroanatomy 3 BIO 6 Comparative Vertebrate Morphology 3 BIO 7 Developmental Biology 4 BIO 8 Plant Anatomy and Physiology 4 BIO 30 Histology 3 BIO 3 Systemic Physiology 4 BIO 3 Neurophysiology 3 BIO 33 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Renal Physiology 3 Elective List : Ecology, Evolution, and Biodiversity Part A: Biodiversity Electives (30 Units) BIO 03 Plants and Civilization 3 BIO Plant Taxonomy 4 BIO 45 The Diversity of Microorganisms 3 BIO 5 Human Parasitology 3

7 Biological Sciences 7 BIO 57 General Entomology 4 BIO 6 Ichthyology: The Study of Fishes 3 BIO 64 Amphibians and Reptiles: An Introduction to Herpetology BIO 66 Ornithology 3 BIO 68 Mammalogy 4 Part B: Ecology and Evolution Electives ( Units) BIO 3 Evolution and Speciation in Flowering Plants 3 BIO 8 Natural Resource Conservation 3 BIO 60 General Ecology 3 BIO 69 Animal Behavior 3 BIO 73 Principles of Fisheries Biology 3 BIO 79 Principles of Wildlife Management 3 BIO/ENVS 86B Ecological and Environmental Issues Seminar BIO 88 Evolution 3 Elective List 3: Cell and Molecular Biology Electives BIO Molecular Cell Biology 3 BIO 39 General Microbiology 4 BIO 43 General Virology 3 BIO 49A Immunology 3 BIO 50 Forensic Biology 3 BIO 5 Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Forensic Biology BIO/FACS 70 Advanced Nutrition and Metabolism 3 BIO 78 Molecular Ecology 4 BIO 80 Advanced Molecular Biology 4 BIO 83 Cancer Biology 3 BIO 85 Topics in Biology 3 BIO 86A Cell and Molecular Biology Seminar BIO 87 Advanced Cell Biology 4 Elective List 4: Clinical Laboratory Science and Infectious Disease Electives BIO 4 Clinical Hematology 3 BIO 5 Body Fluid Analysis BIO 34 Medical Mycology 3 BIO 40 Medical Microbiology and Emerging Infectious 3 Diseases BIO 44 Pathogenic Bacteriology 4 BIO 49B Immunology and Serology Laboratory BIO 5 Human Parasitology 3 HLSC 48 Epidemiology Cannot be counted for credit in the Microbiology concentration. Students may not receive credit for both BIO 40 and BIO 44. Cannot be counted for credit in the Clinical Laboratory Sciences concentration. Required for Public Health Microbiology Traineeship. Cooperative Education Program (Work Experience) Biology majors can participate in the University's Cooperative Education Program. This program provides biology-related, paid, off-campus work experience in government agencies or private industry. The experience can enhance the student's employment prospects upon graduation. 3 Participants in this program will complete at least one six-month period. During the work period, the participant generally will not attend classes on the Sacramento State campus but will enroll in BIO 94, Biology- Related Work Experience. (BIO 94 units do not replace the curricular requirements of the Biological Sciences degree programs.) Students interested in this program should contact the Biological Sciences Department or the campus Cooperative Education Program Office for further information. Honors Program (with either BA or BS Degree Program) Biological Sciences Honors Program provides undergraduate students with an in-depth research experience. An undergraduate research experience is highly recommended for entry into many graduate and professional programs. Culmination of the Honors Program will consist of an undergraduate thesis and an undergraduate seminar. To enter this program, students must have an overall GPA of 3.5 and a minimum of 3.0 GPA in biology courses with at least 5 units of biology and have completed at least 6 units of upper division biology courses, excluding the following: BIO 06 Genetics: From Mendel to Molecules 3 BIO 95 Biological Internship - BIO 97A Laboratory Teaching Assistant - BIO 97B Laboratory Techniques - BIO 97C Co-curricular Activities in Biology - BIO 99A Introductory Undergraduate Research - BIO 99B Directed Readings - The curriculum of the Honors Program is designed to be coupled with the BA or BS degree programs. The Honors Program requires the following courses, completed with a grade of "B" or better, for the BA or BS degree: BIO 98A Honors Proseminar and Research (Open only to honors students in Biological Sciences as defined above) BIO 98B Honors Research and Seminar Minor - Biological Science Units required for Minor: 0 units The minor in Biological Sciences is designed to provide students in other majors with the opportunity to broaden their exposure to and understanding of the biological sciences. The minor complements several majors that require coursework in biological sciences, including Chemistry, Nursing, Environmental Studies, Health Science, Kinesiology, and Family and Consumer Sciences. The minor requires 0 units. The 0 units must include a minimum of 0 upper division units at least one of the upper division courses must have a laboratory component. Three units of biochemistry may be counted toward the minor. Six upper division units must be earned in residence.

8 8 Biological Sciences No more than two units of the following may be counted toward the minor: BIO 86A Cell and Molecular Biology Seminar BIO/ENVS 86B Ecological and Environmental Issues Seminar BIO 94 Biology-Related Work Experience 6 - BIO 95 Biological Internship - BIO 97A Laboratory Teaching Assistant - BIO 97B Laboratory Techniques - BIO 97C Co-curricular Activities in Biology - BIO 99A Introductory Undergraduate Research - BIO 99B Directed Readings - Note: All prerequisites for all courses will be enforced. Subject Matter Program (Pre-Credential Preparation) Biological Sciences majors who intend to pursue a teaching credential must complete the science subject matter program which is described in this catalog. Successful completion of this program fulfills the subject matter competence program in the College of Education. The Single Subject Credential in General Science/Biology allows graduates to teach all four of the sciences (Geoscience, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics) at the General Science level in 7- grades, and Biology at an advanced level in high school. Currently there is a great need for K- teachers educated in science. Changes in State Board of Education Standards and increasing interest in Biological Sciences have created significant demands for students with this credential. Biological Sciences majors who have an interest in teaching should contact one of the credential advisors in the Biological Sciences Department, Melanie Loo. Note: Due to policy changes from the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing and the federal No Child Left Behind mandate, the Science Subject Matter program was under review at the time of this catalog and is subject to revision. As a result, it is important to consult a credential advisor for current details. Certificate - Issues in Natural Resource Management Units required for Certificate: 5, in addition to requirements for BS (see below) The Academic Achievement Certificate in Issues in Natural Resource Management is designed to provide an interdisciplinary perspective on the conflicts, controversies, and biopolitical issues that natural resource biologists must deal with in their careers, and to introduce students to the non-biological considerations that influence decision making processes in natural resource utilization and management. A minimum of 5 units selected from the following list in addition to requirements for the BS in Biological Sciences with a concentration in Biological Conservation. The certificate may also be awarded to students completing the BS in General Biology with the approval of the Biological Conservation advisors. Select a minimum of 5 units from the following: 5 ECON 0 ECON 3 ENVS 0 ENVS ENVS/GOVT 8 GEOG 6 GEOL 40 GOVT 70 Economics and Environmental Degradation Resource Economics Contemporary Environmental Issues International Environmental Problems Environment and the Law California's Water Resources Geology and the Environment Public Policy Development Total Units 5 Graduate Program The graduate programs in Biological Sciences lead to either a Master of Arts (MA) or a Master of Science (MS) degree and provides an opportunity for students to receive advanced training and to pursue independent investigations in particular fields of biology. It allows students to upgrade their qualifications for educational advancement to doctoral programs or for professional advancement in teaching, laboratory work, or fieldwork. The MA degree requires the completion of a project which is a Grant Proposal, unless the student is in the Stem Cell Concentration which requires an Internship Project Report. The MS degree requires completion of a thesis which has concentrations in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation and in Molecular and Cellular Biology so as to provide advanced training and research experience in these fields. All students are required to complete a project or thesis involving field, laboratory, or literature research. The project or thesis research may be conducted on campus with a biology faculty member or at an offcampus location. In either case, the student's research must make a new contribution to the field of biology. If the research is conducted off campus, a biology faculty member must be identified as the student's graduate advisor. Following admission to the program, students are advised by a temporary graduate advisor or by the faculty member who has agreed to supervise the student in their project/thesis research. Students should plan their academic programs in consultation with a graduate advisor as early as possible, preferably prior to enrollment in the program. For additional information regarding the Biological Sciences Graduate Program, students may contact the Biological Sciences Department Office, Biological Sciences website ( or consult the Biological Sciences Graduate Program Handbook, available through the Department's Web site. Graduate Admission Requirements Admission as a classified graduate student to the MA or MS program in Biological Sciences requires: a baccalaureate degree; completion of a major in biological sciences or closely related field; or completion of 4 units of upper division biological sciences courses or courses in closely related fields, each of which must be passed with a "C-" or better;

9 Biological Sciences 9 a minimum GPA of.75 in all biology courses and a minimum GPA of 3.0 in upper division biology courses; GRE General Test scores; a faculty member who has agreed to serve as their graduate advisor; two letters of recommendation from persons qualified to judge the applicant's potential for successful graduate study; and a statement of purpose. It is important to note that meeting all admission requirements does not guarantee acceptance into the graduate program. Students who have deficiencies in admission requirements that can be removed by specified additional preparation, or who have not been accepted by a graduate advisor, may be admitted with conditionally classified graduate status. Admission as a conditionally classified graduate student does not guarantee fully classified status. Fully classified graduate status is conferred when all deficiencies identified at the time of admission are removed and a biology faculty member has agreed to serve as their thesis advisor. Any deficiencies in admissions requirements will be noted on a written response to the admission application. Graduate Admission Procedures Applicants must complete a university application by the posted application deadline date for the term applying. : an online application for admission; and two sets of official transcripts from all colleges and universities attended, other than Sacramento State. For more admissions information and application deadlines, please visit In addition, all prospective graduate students must submit the following application materials directly to the Department of Biological Sciences: an online departmental application for admission; one set of unofficial transcripts from all colleges and universities attended, other than Sacramento State; GRE General Test scores (NOTE: GRE General Test scores will be accepted after the application deadline but only if the test was taken prior to the deadline); two letters of recommendation; and a statement of purpose. Departmental applications for admission are due February. There is currently no general call for admission for students to begin in the spring semester. However a student may petition the department to begin the spring. Please contact your potential graduate advisor (i.e., a faculty member in your area of interest) to discuss this option. Approximately eight to ten weeks after receipt of all items listed above, a decision regarding admission will be mailed to the applicant. Advancement to Candidacy The Advancement to Candidacy process serves to ensure that a student is qualified for and making good progress toward successfully completing the Master's degree. Each classified graduate student must file an application for Advancement to Candidacy, indicating a proposed program of graduate study. This procedure should begin as soon as the classified graduate student has: removed any deficiencies in admission requirements; completed at least units in the graduate program with a minimum 3.0 GPA, including at least one course at the 00-level; begun a preliminary study for the thesis or project; and taken the Writing Placement for Graduate Students (WPG) or taken a Graduate Writing Intensive (GWI) course in their discipline within the first two semesters of coursework at California State University, Sacramento or secured approval for a WPG waiver. An Application for Advancement to Candidacy forms are available in the Office of Graduate Studies Web site and the Department of Biological Sciences Web site. The student fills out the form after planning a degree program in consultation with his/her Biological Sciences graduate advisor. After approval by the Biological Sciences Graduate Committee and the student's thesis committee, the completed form is returned to the Office of Graduate Studies for approval. MA in Biological Science Units required for MA: 30 includes units required in areas of concentration. Minimum GPA: 3.0 The MA degree requires completion of 30 units of coursework with a minimum 3.0 GPA. The 30 units must include a minimum of 8 units of 00-level courses. No units from the following are acceptable toward the master's degree. BIO 06 Genetics: From Mendel to Molecules 3 BIO 94 Biology-Related Work Experience 6 - BIO 95 Biological Internship - BIO 97A Laboratory Teaching Assistant - BIO 97B Laboratory Techniques - BIO 97C Co-curricular Activities in Biology - BIO 98A Honors Proseminar and Research BIO 98B Honors Research and Seminar BIO 99A Introductory Undergraduate Research - BIO 99B Directed Readings - No more than units of BIO 50 may be applied toward the 30 unit requirement. Each student who receives a Master of Arts degree from the Department of Biological Sciences must submit a written project based on a research problem in biology under the supervision of a graduate advisor. A project can be based on either of the following: Grant Proposal: a research proposal in the format required by a state or federal granting agency (e.g., National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health) based on a novel hypothesis that addresses a biological problem; OR Internship Project Report: a project report on the student s internship experience.

10 0 Biological Sciences All requirements for the Master of Arts degree must be completed within seven (7) years starting from the time the first course is used to meet the master s degree requirements. No Concentration Required Core Courses (8-9 Units) BIO 0 Introduction to Scientific Inquiry BIO 94A Seminar in Molecular and Cellular Biology or BIO 94B Seminar in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation BIO 99 Problems in Biological Sciences - 4 Select one of the following: - 3 BIO A BIO B BIO C Culminating Requirement ( Units) Cell and Molecular Methods and Techniques Methods in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Exploration of Biological Methodology BIO 50 Master's Project Additional Requirements (0- Units) Select 0- units of electives 0 - Total Units 30-3 Approved electives in Biological Sciences or supporting fields. Electives must be selected in consultation with the graduate advisor and approved at the Advancement to Candidacy meeting. Up to six units of upper division (00-level) coursework taken as a graduate student in the program may be applied to the MA degree. Up to an additional units of BIO 99 may be applied to meet coursework requirements. Students must take BIO 94 two times to fulfill degree requirements. Concentration - Stem Cell Required Core Courses (5 Units) BIO 0 Introduction to Scientific Inquiry BIO A Cell and Molecular Methods and Techniques BIO Molecular Biology 3 BIO 4 Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics 3 BIO 5 Stem Cell Biology and Manufacturing Practices BIO 7 Development and Regenerative Medicine 3 BIO 93 Research Conference BIO 94A Seminar in Molecular and Cellular Biology BIO 99 Problems in Biological Sciences - 4 Culminating Requirement ( Units) BIO 50 Master's Project Additional Requirements (3 Units) Select one of the following: 3 BIO 3 BIO 45 BIO 47 BIO 8 CHEM 30 Human Molecular Genetics Host/Pathogen Interactions Contemporary Topics in Immunology Evolution Separation Methods in Chemistry CHEM 45/45 CHEM 60 CHEM 6 Applications of Computational Chemistry Protein Biochemistry Nucleic Acid Chemistry Total Units 30 MS in Biological Science Units required for MS: 30 includes units required in areas of concentration. Minimum GPA: 3.0 The MS degree requires completion of 30 units of coursework with a minimum 3.0 GPA. The 30 units must include a minimum of 8 units of 00-level seminar courses. No units from the following are acceptable toward the master's degree: BIO 06 Genetics: From Mendel to Molecules 3 BIO 94 Biology-Related Work Experience 6 - BIO 95 Biological Internship - BIO 97A Laboratory Teaching Assistant - BIO 97B Laboratory Techniques - BIO 97C Co-curricular Activities in Biology - BIO 98A Honors Proseminar and Research BIO 98B Honors Research and Seminar BIO 99A Introductory Undergraduate Research - BIO 99B Directed Readings - No more than 0 units of BIO 99 and BIO 500 may be applied toward the 30 unit requirement. Each student who receives a Master's of Science degree from the Department of Biological Sciences must submit a thesis based on original research in biology. A thesis can be based on either of the following sources of data: data generated by the student's original research in which the student performs the fieldwork or laboratory experiments and/or data obtained from sources other than the student's own fieldwork or laboratory experiments, provided the data are analyzed in an original way. The use of data must result in an original contribution to the problem being investigated. All requirements for the Master's degree must be completed within seven (7) years starting from the time the first course is used to meet the master s degree requirements. Required Core Courses (0 Units) BIO 0 Introduction to Scientific Inquiry BIO 94A Seminar in Molecular and Cellular Biology or BIO 94B Seminar in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation

11 Biological Sciences BIO 99 Problems in Biological Sciences - 4 Culminating Requirement (4 Units) BIO 500 Master's Thesis 4 Additional Requirements for Concentrations (6 Units) Select a concentration from the following: 6 No Concentration Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Molecular and Cellular Biology Total Units 30 Students must take BIO 94 two times to fulfill degree requirements. Students must complete 6 units of BIO 99 to fulfill degree requirements. Additional Requirements for Concentrations Units required: 6 No Concentration BIO A Cell and Molecular Methods and Techniques or BIO B Methods in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation BIO 8 Evolution 3 Select units of approved electives Total Units 6 Approved electives in Biological Sciences or supporting fields. Electives must be selected in consultation with the graduate advisor and approved at the Advancement to Candidacy meeting. Up to two additional units of BIO 94A/BIO 94B (up to 4 total) taken as a graduate student in the program may be applied to the MS degree. Concentration - Ecology, Evolution and Conservation BIO B Methods in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation BIO 8 Evolution 3 Select approved electives Total Units 6 Approved electives in Biological Sciences or supporting fields. Electives must be selected in consultation with the graduate advisor and approved at the Advancement to Candidacy meeting. Up to two additional units of BIO 94B (up to 4 total) taken as a graduate student in the program may be applied to the MS degree. Concentration - Molecular and Cellular Biology BIO A Cell and Molecular Methods and Techniques BIO Molecular Biology 3 BIO 4 Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics 3 Select 8 units of approved electives 8 Total Units 6 Approved electives in Biological Sciences or supporting fields. Electives must be selected in consultation with the graduate advisor and approved at the Advancement to Candidacy meeting. Up to two additional units of BIO 94A (up to 4 total) coursework taken as a graduate student in the program may be applied to the MS degree. Note: Supporting Fields: A maximum of 0 units from an approved supporting field (e.g., Chemistry, Physics, Environmental Studies, Geology, Physics) may be counted toward the degree, with graduate advisor and graduate committee approval obtained before taking the course(s). BIO. Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology. 5 Units General Education Area/Graduation Requirement: Life Forms (B), Laboratory (B3) Introduction to properties of life and cells leading to genetic and biological diversity. Survey of biological diversity emphasizing variation leading to natural selection; introduction to ecological concepts within an evolutionary framework; a survey of ecosystems and global climate change. Development of scientific skills will be emphasized. Designed for science majors. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours; activity two hours; fee course. Note: Field trips may be required. Field trip(s) may be required. BIO. Cells, Molecules and Genes. 5 Units Prerequisite(s): BIO and CHEM A. Introduction to molecular and cellular biology and genetics. Topics include biomolecules, cell structure and function, cellular energetics, molecular flow of information, cell division, and genetic inheritance. Development of scientific skills and a scientific mindset will be emphasized throughout the course, particularly in lab exercises and activities. Designed for science majors. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours; activity two hours. BIO 7. Introduction to the Science of Biology. 4 Units General Education Area/Graduation Requirement: Laboratory (B3), Life Forms (B) Introduction to major concepts of biology, including properties of living things, cells and their molecular constituents, the unity and diversity of organisms, genetics, ecology, evolution, and the scientific methods of investigation employed by biologists. Satisfies requirements in biology for students planning to obtain the Multiple Subject Teaching Credential. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. BIO 9. Our Living World: Evolution, Ecology and Behavior. 3 Units General Education Area/Graduation Requirement: Life Forms (B) Designed for non-majors, this course is an introduction to the biological science behind important issues that face us today, such as those surrounding evolution, endangered species, conservation of ecosystems, and the behavior of organisms. By gaining an understanding of the scientific approach and the principles of evolution, ecology and behavior, students will be equipped to evaluate scientific developments and arguments in these and other issues as informed citizens. Lecture three hours. Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO or BIO.

12 Biological Sciences BIO 0. Basic Biological Concepts. 3 Units General Education Area/Graduation Requirement: Life Forms (B) An intensive introductory course for non-majors who will take additional course work in biology or related disciplines, including the allied health sciences. Introduction to the biological sciences with strong emphasis on cellular structure and metabolism, molecular biology and genetics, as well as concepts and principles common to all living systems including ecology and evolution. Lecture three hours. Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO or BIO. BIO 5L. Laboratory Investigations in Biology. Unit Prerequisite(s): BIO 9, BIO 0 or BIO 0. Corequisite(s): BIO 9, BIO 0 or BIO 0. General Education Area/Graduation Requirement: Laboratory (B3) Introductory laboratory investigation of the major principles of biology, including properties of all living things, the unity and diversity of organisms, structure and function of cells, energy and metabolism, genetics, ecology, evolution, and the scientific methods of investigation employed by biologists. Laboratory three hours. Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO or BIO. BIO 0. Biology: A Human Perspective. 3 Units General Education Area/Graduation Requirement: Life Forms (B) Introduction to biological concepts with emphasis on their application to humans. Topics include: Evidenced-based decision making with respect to food, nutritional supplements, drugs, pathogens, and biotechnology. How heredity and evolution contribute to our understanding of personality, sex, behavior, addiction, disease, and aging is also discussed. Lecture three hours. Note: Not open to majors in biological sciences and/or students who have received credit for BIO 0. BIO. Introductory Human Anatomy. 4 Units Prerequisite(s): BIO, BIO or BIO 0 Introduction to the study of the gross and microscopic structure of the human body using a systemic approach. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. BIO 5. Human Anatomy and Physiology I. 4 Units BIO 5/6 series provides an introduction to the structure and function of the major organ systems of the human body. BIO 5 offers basic terminology and concepts pertaining to the disciplines of anatomy and physiology, including structure/function relationships, homeostasis, and organizational levels; and provides an introduction to the structure and function of the muscular and nervous systems. Note: Not open to students who have successfully completed BIO and BIO 3, or an equivalent combination of separate anatomy and physiology courses. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course. BIO 6. Human Anatomy and Physiology II. 4 Units Prerequisite(s): BIO 5 or instructor permission. BIO 5/6 series provides an introduction to the structure and function of the major organ systems of the human body. BIO 6 provides an introduction to the structure and function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and digestive systems, and emphasizes homeostatic control mechanisms. Note: Not open to students who have successfully completed BIO and BIO 3, or an equivalent combination of separate anatomy and physiology courses. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course. BIO 30. Anatomy Physiology - Brief Course. 4 Units Prerequisite(s): Physical Education majors only An overview of the basic anatomy and physiology of all systems. Designed to meet the standards for the Physical Education Subject Matter Program, but may also may prepare students for study in other health-related fields. BIO 39. Microbiology for Allied Health Students. 4 Units Prerequisite(s): BIO 0; CHEM 5 or CHEM 6A and CHEM 6B or equivalent. Introduction to micro-organisms, particularly bacteria and viruses, with emphasis on health care-related applications of microbiology using case studies. Laboratory work includes aseptic techniques, methods of cultivating and identifying bacteria, demonstration of microbial properties and will provide practice with basic microbiological skills. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee Course. Note: Does not satisfy microbiology requirement for Biological Sciences majors. BIO 00. Introduction to Scientific Analysis. Units Prerequisite(s): BIO, BIO, and STAT ; declared Biological Sciences majors only or instructor consent Covers anatomy of scientific literature, reading and writing scientific papers, proper citation formats, basic interpretation of tables and figures, graphical analysis, basic statistical analysis, experimental design to effectively test a hypothesis, and effective presentation of an experiment. Lecture one hour. Activity two hours. Note: Course cannot be taken concurrently with or after taking BIO 67 BIO 0. The Natural History of Plants. 3 Units Prerequisite(s): A college course in biology or instructor permission. Major plant communities of California provide a framework for understanding the interrelationships of natural environments and the dominant trees and shrubs of these areas. Identification of these species and the wildflowers of the communities are emphasized in the lab and field trips. Designed for minors in biology or for those with an interest in their natural surroundings, but is acceptable for majors who have not completed BIO. Lecture one hour; laboratory six hours. Field trip(s) may be required. BIO 03. Plants and Civilization. 3 Units Prerequisite(s): BIO 0 or equivalent. Study of the significance of plants in the development of human civilization. Emphasis will be placed on the botanical, sociological and economic aspects of plants useful to humans. Lecture three hours.