3D Designable Gel as an Advanced Functional Material - Digitalization of Engineering Matter based on 3D Printing and Scanning-

Transcription

1 3D Designable Gel as an Advanced Functional Material - Digitalization of Engineering Matter based on 3D Printing and Scanning- Hidemitsu Furukawa Chair of Life-3D Prin0ng Innova0on Center (LPIC) PI of So8 & Wet ma<er Engineering Lab (SWEL) Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Yamagata University furukawa@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp Facebook:

2 Bathtub contains pre-gel solu3on of tough hydrogels (water > 90%). The minute fabrica3on is made by UV irradia3on thru op3cal fiber. Free shape fabrica3on is done by 3-dimen3onal scanning the fiber. R. Hidema, K. Sugita, H. Furukwa, Trans. J. Soc. Mech. Eng. (A), 77, (2011) H. Muroi, J. Gong, H. Furukawa, J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng., 2013.

3 3

4 Human looks a swollen gel 2/3 of Water Human expressed in a water content Human expressed in the network of gels.

5 Living bodies are made from soft organisms except skeletons (bone, teeth, shell, etc.) Examples: blood vessel, muscle cartilage, tendon, ligament, etc. The soft organisms contain 50~80% of water. They are soft & wet materials.

6 Specific functions of soft and wet organs Joint cartilage Shock absorb Lubrication Low frictional coefficient ~0.001 Smooth motion Blood vessel Penetration Lubrication Exchange of materials Previous artificial organs have been made from Hard & Dry Materials: These functions cannot be worked. Artificial Joint Artificial Vessel Shock absorb Lubrication Limitation of motion Penetration Lubrication Thrombus (Blood clot)

7 DN ゲル : 世界一強い高含水材料 Water Content 90% Breaking Compression 40MPa J. P. Gong, Y. Katsuyama, T. Kurokawa, Y. Osada, Adv. Mater. 15, 1155 (2003)

8 DN gels fracture energy is 1,000 times higher <1 st > PAMPS <2 nd > PAAm Water content ~ 90% Compress fracture stress: 10-40MPa (Can compare with cartilage in joint) Electrolyte ( rigid & brittle ) Neutral ( soft & ductile ) PAMPS gel + PAAm gel = DN gel Fracture energy ~1J/m 2 + Fracture energy 10J/m 2 Fracture energy 100~1000J/m 2 Cannot be explained based on the previous theories J.-P. Gong, Y. Katsuyama, T. Kurokawa, Y. Osada, Adv. Mater. 15, 1155 (2003)

9 Figure out: Low frictional Tough gels Both Toughness 40MPa~400kgf/cm 2 and Low Friction µ 10-4 means 400kg 1cm 2 of the gel sheets withstatnds 400kg weight and move it by 40g force! 40g 1cm This situation corresponds to that of knee joint cartilage in our body.

10 10

11 Biocompatibility of DN Gels Before Operation After Operation Embedded in subcutaneous tissue of rabbit in 6 weeks: No change in appearance Artificial Cartilage 4 weeks No inflammation and No degeneration DN gels can be applied for artificial cartilage.

12 Joint Cartilage Bone How to fabricate the intricate structure between gel and solid? 12

13 Photo from on the web Cross sec3on of Car3lage on Bone Direc3on of Collagen Fiber

14 Cu)ng Difficulty Bri$le Too so; to mold Unstable Shape We could not use traditional manufacturing! 14

15 Bathtub contains pre-gel solu3on of tough hydrogels (water > 90%). The minute fabrica3on is made by UV irradia3on thru op3cal fiber. Free shape fabrica3on is done by 3-dimen3onal scanning the fiber. R. Hidema, K. Sugita, H. Furukwa, Trans. J. Soc. Mech. Eng. (A), 77, (2011) H. Muroi, J. Gong, H. Furukawa, J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng., 2013.

16 Particle-DN gel Particle of 1 st gel Printed High-strength gel Gelled by Local UV irradiation Bathtub in the printer Pregel solution of swollen 1 st gel particle in 2 nd monomer solution 3D-CAD data 3D Gel Printer

17 1) If we print blood vessel, Coil Stopper Surgery in Head ( 動脈瘤 ) Transparent gel modeling makes head surgery safe and effective! Printed blood vessel 2) If we print gel foods, Improved! Make them 17 beau3ful 17

18 3-D Technologies for Gels Hardware Software Dispenser Type 3D Gel Printer Bathtub Type 3D Modeling Software for Designable Gel Simulation of Gel Laminates( 粒子法 ) Gel Ink Gel Scanner SPH Method:Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics 18

19 3-D Objects Made of Designable Gels High Resolution 3D Printing for Soft & High transparent Gels Finger-Model Intraocular Lens Cylinders φd:200μm H:200μm 19

20 Research Lineup of Background High-Strength Gels, Invented in Japan Slide Ring Gel Nanocomposite Gel Double-Network gel Okumura and Ito Haraguchi Kurokawa, Gong, et al Tetra-PEG gel Aqua Material Inter-Crosslink Network Gel Sakai, et al. Aida, et al. Furukawa, Takada, et al. Different approach: To make different structures!

21 H. Furukawa, et al., Chem. LeR. (2012) 21

22

23 23

24 Expansion of Scanning Area Inverted Microscope+ Automa3c Posi3oning System MulK-laser Line Transmi$ed Incident Reflected Half Mirrors MulK-laser Source Red Laser 671[nm] Green Laser 532[nm] Blue Laser 473[nm]

25 Gel Duplicator Modulus 3D Shape and Modulus data Both Shape and So;ness can be duplicated!

26 Our Next Project: Gel-Dup Gel (Soft Matter) Scanning Gel-CT (Structural Analysis Device of Internal Structure) 3D Gel-Duplicator Modeling Mesh Size Sending Data SWIM-ER (The World-First 3D Gel Printer)

27 Shape memory Jelly for Kids Festival 27 27

28 Edible! Safe 28 28

29 Science Festival at Yamagata U. July 27,

30

31 REUSE of unused fruits Local Charactor

32

33 Grandkids Grand Parents Sending Remote Cooking

34 3D Printing Hierarchical Structure Human Feeling Society Item, Product Digi3zed Applica3on Digital Fabrica3on (3D Prin3ng) Digitalized Materials Digitaliza3on Digitaliza3on It will implement Digital Platform like Operating System to Material Engineering

35 Open Innovation Network on Advanced 3D Printing Technologies Market App Model, Toy Level 1 st Gen Networking Related Technology Multi Material Many Companies Car, Electro Medical Bio 3D Nano-Printer Controlled Chemistry Low for copyright and medical applications Personalized Manufacturing with High Value Nano-scale Composites Tissue Engineering Life Material Recycle Free from mass production Molecular Printer Molecular Recycle Develop Multi Material 3D Printing 2 nd Gen Advanced Composite Material Manufacturing Composite 3D Printing 3 rd Gen Molecular Mfg Rese arch Research for Molecular Manufacturing Collaborating Research with Green Chemistry Selection Synthesis of Novel Materials in 3D Printer Phone Cellar phone Smart phone Postal mail Facsimile Money Credit Card E-Money Gel 3D Gel Printer E-Gel? 35

36 Period Early Stage Grow and Spread Case of Personal Computer Word Processor 30 min for A4 print Personal Computer 30 sec for A4 print 3D Printer Enterprise 3D Printer Several hr to 3D Print Personal 3D Printer Several 10 min Become Common Windows/DOS-V 3 sec for A4 print Standard 3D Printer Several min Change and Decay iphone, ipad No need to print 40y Smart wear, Transformable robots No need to 3D print 20y