The influence of selected plant polyamines on feeding and survival of grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.)

Transcription

1 The influence of selected plnt polymines on feeding nd survivl Pestycydy/Pesticides, 2010, 1-4, ISSN The influence of selected plnt polymines on feeding nd survivl of grin phid (Sitobion vene F.) Cezry SEMPRUCH *, Bogumił LESZCZYŃSKI, Agnieszk KOZIK nd Grzegorz CHRZANOWSKI Deprtment of Biochemistry nd Moleculr Biology, Siedlce University of Nturl Sciences nd Humnities, Siedlce, 12 B. Prus St., Polnd * e-mil: cezr@p.siedlce.pl Abstrct: The influence of common plnt polymines on feeding behviour nd survivl of grin phid (Sitobion vene F., Hemipter: Aphidide) hs been studied. Lbortory tests showed tht wingless femles of S. vene ssimilted higher quntities of food from triticle seedlings plced in 0.01% solutions of gmtine nd cdverine, nd lower in cse of spermidine nd spermine. Increse in the polymines concentrtions up to 0.10% cused strong decrese in food ssimiltion, especilly under the gmtine, cdverine nd putrescine tretment. Moreover, 0.10% concentrtion of the ll nlyzed polymines decresed body mss nd reduced survivl of grin phid wingless femles. The 0.01% concentrtion of the polymines were not ffecting survivl nd body mss of S. vene with exception of spermidine. Importnce of the polymines s potentil nturl biopesticides to the grin phid is discussed. Key words: plnt polymines, Sitobion vene, phid body mss, phid survivl INTRODUCTION Polymines re smll moleculr weight orgnic compounds tht prticipte in plnt rections to different biotic nd biotic stresses [1, 2]. Plnt responses to hrmful biologicl fctors, include polymines cted vi signling molecules such s jsmonte, ethylene, slicylte, H 2 O 2, NO, nd C 2+ influx [3, 4]. They induce progrmmed cell deth (PCD) while hypersensitive responses (HR), nd ctivte R genes tht induce biosynthesis of PR proteins during systemic cquired

2 16 C. Sempruch, B. Leszczyński, A. Kozik, G. Chrznowski resistnce (SAR) nd/or prticipte in induced systemic resistnce (ISR) [5, 6]. Moreover, hydroxycinnmic cid mides (HCAAs) of mny plnt polymines re clssified s phytolexins nd phytonticipins nd/or effective toxins for rthropods [7, 8]. These substnces cuse prlysis of insects by binding to quisqulte type glutmte receptors on the exoskeletl muscles nd blocking synptic trnsmission [9]. Such bilities suggest tht plnt polymines nd its phenolic derivtives might serve s nturl bioinsecticides. There re not dt on role of plnt polymines s biologicl modultors of piercing-sucking herbivorous insects. The im of the work ws to determine n influence of polymines commonly occurred within plnt cells on feeding behviour nd survivl of the grin phid (Sitobion vene F.). MATERIAL AND METHODS All tests were performed in environmentl chmber t 20 ±3 C temperture, 65 ±5% reltive humidity nd photoperiod 16L:8D ccording to Khn nd Sxen [10]. The procedure developed for piercing-sucking insects with use of 0.01% nd 0.1% wtery solutions of gmtine, cdverine, putrescine, spermidine nd spermine. During experiment, seven dys old seedlings of winter triticle cv. Lmberto nd prthenogenetic individuls of S. vene rered on the Lmberto seedlings in environmentl chmber were used. While feeding tests, the triticle seedling without roots were put into glss tubes (9.5 x 1.0 cm) with 2.0 cm 3 of tested solutions or 2.0 cm 3 of distilled wter (control). Five wingless femles of grin phid, previously weighted with Srtorius blnce 7085/01 type, were put on ech plnt nd the tubes were covered with Plexigls isoltors (20.0 x 8.0 cm). After 24 h tretment, the phids were weighted gin nd increse of the body mss ws recorded. Quntity of ssimilted food ws clculted using the following equtions fter Khn nd Sxen [10]: F A = W C C W2 W1 C1 where F A is food ssimilted, W 1 phid weight (mg) before feeding on the triticle seedlings plced in mine solutions, W 2 phid weight fter 24 h of feeding on the seedlings plced in polymine solutions, C 1 phid weight before feeding on the control seedlings (plced in wter), C 2 phid weight fter 24 h of feeding on the control seedlings.

3 The influence of selected plnt polymines on feeding nd survivl The survivl of S. vene on the triticle seedlings plced in the studied solutions of the polymines ws tested in similr wy. Durtion of the phid life period (in dys) ws determined. The phids were trnsferred on fresh triticle seedling every second dy during the test. All experiments were conducted in three independent replictes. Differences between influence of the polymines on food ssimilted, increse of body mss nd on survivl of S. vene were subjected to Tukey s test seprtely for two nlyzed concentrtions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Obtined results showed tht S. vene wingless femles ssimilted higher quntities of food on triticle seedlings plced in 0.01% solutions of gmtine nd cdverine, nd lower in cse of spermidine nd spermine (Figure 1). The increse of polymine concentrtion to 0.1% cused decrese of food ssimiltion, especilly strong fter gmtine, cdverine nd putrescine tretment. The S. vene individuls ssimilted lower quntities of food on seedlings settled in 0.1% solutions of gmtine, putrescine nd spermine thn in cse of cdverine nd spermidine. All the nlyzed polymines t 0.1% concentrtion decresed S. vene body mss (Tble 1). Food ssimilted (mg) b b Agmtine Cdverine Putrescine Spermidine Spermine b b 0.01% 0.10% Figure 1. The influence of nlyzed polymines on food ssimilted by grin phid (rithmetic men ± stndrd error); differences between ctivity of the polymines were nlyzed independent for ech studied concentrtions; vlues signed by vrious letters re significntly different t P 0.05 (Tukey s test); F 4,8 = 2.97 for 0.01% concentrtion nd F 4,8 = 0.85 for 0.10% one.

4 18 C. Sempruch, B. Leszczyński, A. Kozik, G. Chrznowski Tble 1. Influence of the polymines on increse of mss of grin phid body (rithmetic men ± stndrd error) Increse of body mss (µg) Polymines Polymine concentrtion 0.01% 0.10% Agmtine 0.40 ± ±0.40b Cdverine 1.00 ± ±0.31b Putrescine 0.80 ± ±0.26b Spermidine ±0.46b ±0.19b Spermine 1.00 ± ±0.46b Control 1.00 ± ±0.35 F NIR Vlues in the sme column signed by vrious letters re significntly different t P 0.05 (Tukey s test). Tble 2. Influence of the polymines on survivl of grin phid (rithmetic men ± stndrd error) Survivl (dys) Polymines Polymine concentrtion 0.01% 0.10% Agmtine 1.25 ± ±0.65c Cdverine 5.62 ± ±0.38b Putrescine 3.37 ± ±0.25b Spermidine 4.75 ± ±0.36bc Spermine 5.50 ± ±0.35bc Control 6.12 ± ± 0.65 F NIR Vlues in the sme column signed by vrious letters re significntly different t P 0.05 (Tukey s test). The influence of lower concentrtions (0.01%) of these compounds on the phid body mss ws not sttisticlly confirmed, with exception of spermidine, tht cused decrese of this prmeter vlue. It ws noted, tht polymines lso limited survivl of S. vene wingless femles (Tble 2). Agmtine showed stronger influence on S. vene survivl thn other nlyzed polymines t the both studied concentrtions. However, differences in durtion of the phid

5 The influence of selected plnt polymines on feeding nd survivl performnce on the triticle seedlings plced in the polymine solutions were significnt t 0.1% concentrtions for ll the nlyzed compounds. Conducted tests pointed out, tht the plnt polymines my ct s nturl plnt substnces limiting feeding nd survivl of the grin phid. Kusno et l. [2] stted tht polymines occur within ll living cells in the rnge of hundred micromolrs to few millimolrs nd their content is tightly regulted. At higher concentrtion these substnces re toxic for cells by induction of the PCD. Our studies suggest tht tested polymines in the rnge from 4.90 mm for spermine to mm for putrescine (equivlents of 0.1% solutions) my hve hrmful effect for S. vene. On the other hnd, such polymines s spermidine, gmtine nd spermine limited feeding nd/or survivl of the grin phid lredy in the rnge from 490 µm to 770 µm, respectively (equivlents of 0.01% solutions). There re lso dt suggesting tht cylpolymines ct s neurotoxins for rthropods [11-14]. These substnces my occur in venoms of some spider nd wsp species nd re structurlly similr to HCAA derivtives of plnt polymines. Within plnt tissues of Pocee fmily HCAAs of gmtine, putrescine, spermidine nd spermine were reported [15]. Phenolic derivtives of plnt polymines re highly selective nd potent lignds for specific ionotropic receptors, prticulrly certin glutmte receptors subtype nd nicotinic nd cetylcholine receptors [11]. Thus moleculr ction of the polymines nd their HCAAs influence on the phid biology should be study more detil in the future. Since, the influence of free nd conjugted polymines on S. vene biology is dependent on its locliztion within plnt tissues, further study tht re focused on occurrence of these biomolecules within plnt tissues penetrted by phids, especilly within phloem nd peripherl tissues re needed. CONCLUSIONS 1. Spermidine nd spermine t 0.01% concentrtion nd 0.10% solutions of ll nlyzed polymines limited food ssimiltion by wingless femles of S. vene. 2. All nlyzed polymines, t 0.10% concentrtion, decresed body mss nd reduced survivl of grin phid wingless femles.

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