XXV ANYS DE TROBADES CIENTÍFIQUES DE LA MEDITERRÀNIA: MAÓ, 3 i 4 D OCTUBRE DE Daniel Navajas Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria

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1 XXV ANYS DE TROBADES CIENTÍFIQUES DE LA MEDITERRÀNIA: XXV ANYS DE FÍSICA ALS PAÏSOS CATALANS MAÓ, 3 i 4 D OCTUBRE DE 2009 Biofísica i Física Mèdica: què podem fer ara? Perspectives Daniel Navajas Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria Facultat de Medicina

2 Medical Physics Biophysics Biomedical Engineering Bioengineering Physics Biology Engineering Medicine Biotechnology Nanobiotechnology Computational Biology Systems Biology

3 Radiotherapy X-Ray Therapy 1925 Radium Therapy A. H. Becquerel, P. Curie and M. Curie A. Nobel Prize in Physics Linear accelerator

4 X-ray Imaging 1940 Wilhelm Röntgen's first "medical" Shoe-Fitting Fluoroscope X-ray, of his wife's hand, Nobel Prize in Physics -1901

5 Computed Tomography The prototype CT scanner G. N. Hounsfield 1968 A. M. Cormack and G. N. Hounsfield Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979 Circulation Pulmonary Embolus Detection

6 Nuclear Medicine Imaging Positron Emission Tomography - PET Lung PET / CT fusion image

7 Magnetic Resonance Imaging FBl F. Bloch and demp E. M. Purcel Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 P. Lauterbur and P. Mansfield Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 First whole body human MR image

8 Molecular Imaging SPECT/RM CT PET ( 18 F) PET ( 18 F)/CT a)123i-ibzm (dopamine D2 receptor ) b) 123I-ADAM (serotonin transporters ) c) 123I-R91150 (serotonin receptor 5HT2A)

9 Ultrasound Imaging Doppler carotid artery Valves of heart ultrasound

10 Santiago Ramón y Cajal Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 Optical Microscopy

11 Electron microscope E. Ruska Electron Microscopy

12 Fluorescence microscopy

13 Advanced microscopy techniques in vivo Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer - FRET Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching - FRAP Total Internal Reflection Microscopy - TIRF

14 Multiphoton Microscopy Nature Biotechnology, 2003 Nature Methods, 2005

15 Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (SNOM) de Lange et al. J Cell Sci 114:4153, 2001

16 X-ray Crystallography Francis Crick Crystallographic photo of Sodium Thymonucleate, Type B. "Photo 51." May Nature 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 James Watson

17 X-ray Crystallography 3D structure of myoglobin

18 Medical Devices Mechanical ventilators Iron Lung 1937 Bird MARK Drager E52 Iron Lung 1952

19 Medical Devices Pacemaker The first implantable pacemaker. Karolinska University Hospital

20 Medical Devices Artificial Heart First successful permanent artificial heart Self-contained replacement heart Jarvik Total Heart

21 Microelectronics & Microcomputers obstetric scanner IBM PC EEG recorder

22 Wireless capsule endoscopy Capsule Wireless link Recorder and antennae Wired link Workstation Nature 2000

23 Robotic Surgery

24 Biomaterials

25 European Medical Technology Industry Total sales of M in /3 of global l medical technology market ( M ) Second largest market behind the US Employed 435,000 people across Europe 11,000 Companies, 80% of them SMEs Source: EUCOMED

26 Richard P. Feynman Nobel Laureate in Physics, 1965 There s Plenty of Room at the Bottom An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society California Institute of Technology

27 Atomic Force Microscopy PHOTODETECTOR LASER LENS The first prototype AFM PIEZOACTUATOR G. Binnig, C. Gerber and C. Quate Nobel Prize in Physics

28 Molecular and Cellular Imaging with AFM IgG antibody molecules A459 alveolar epithelial cell 250x250 nm

29 Molecular and Cellular Nanomanipulation with AFM F V-shaped cantilever laser spot A549 cell tip 20 μm

30 Resolving indiviual atoms by Atomic Force Microscopy AFM imaging of pentacene on Cu(111) Gross et al. Science, 2009

31 Optical Tweezers RNA polymerase (RNAP) moves along DNA while carrying out transcription, ti acting as a molecular l motor. Wang et al. Science 282: 902 (1998)

32 Magnetic Tweezers Trepat et al. Nature 447: , 2007

33 Mechanical properties of the cell play a key role in many critical cellular functions Trepat et al. Nature Physics, 2009 Roca-Cusachs et al. Biophys J, 2008 Cells feel and respond to mechanical signals

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35 Label-Free Protein Recognition Two-Dimensional Array Using Nanomechanical Sensors Yue et al Nano Lett 8:520, 2008

36 Lab-on-a-chip El-Ali et al Nature 2006

37 Carbon Nanotubes Detect Lung Cancer Markers in the Breath Toward Diagnosis of Diseases via Breath Samples Peng et al. Nano Lett 8:3631, 2008

38 Quantum dots C. Seydel Science 2003

39 Magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging Lee et al. Nature Nanotechnology, 2007

40 Nanoparticle PET-CT Imaging of Macrophages in Inflammatory Atherosclerosis Nahrendorf et al. Circulation, 2008

41 Multifunctional Nanoparticle Images and Treats Cancer, Reports on Drug Delivery PMSA+ PMSAquantum dot (QD) - aptamer (Apt) - doxorubicine (Dox) conjugate Bagalkot et al. Nano Lett, 2007

42 Remote control of living cells Nanomagnetic actuation of receptor-mediated signal transduction Mannix et al Nature Nanotechnology, 2008

43 Nanoestructured materials for nerve regeneration Neurons penetrating into a three-dimensional network of the selfassembling nanofibers. Nature Biotechnology 21: , 2003

44 Goh K et al. PNAS, 2007 Systems Biology

45 Physics Biology Engineering Medicine There s Plenty of Room at BioMed

46 Daniel Navajas Daniel Navajas