"From the Investigation of marine model species to biotechnological developments, a knowledgebased

Transcription

1 "From the Investigation of marine model species to biotechnological developments, a knowledgebased approach" Catherine Boyen OECD Global Forum on Biotechnology: Marine Biotechnology Enabling Solutions for Ocean Productivity and Sustainability (Vancouver, Canada, 30 3 May 202)

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3 Outline Marine Diversity, Evolution and Environment Marine Models and Biotech : Marine Macroalgae Polysaccharides/Enzymes From Academia to Biotech Development 4 projects funded by the French government & CE Bioresources and biotech IDEALG OCEANOMICS Infrastructures EMBRC GREENSTARS

4 Marine Diversity and Evolution Oceans.. the craddle of life Prokaryotic life originated in the oceans about 3.6 billions years ago Eukaryotic life: between 3 and 3. billions years ago Land became colonized by fungi about billion years ago and green plants only 700 million years ago.

5 Eukaryotic tree [Cock and Coelho, 20, J Exp Bot]

6 Marine diversity and environment COOH Habitat Diversity Salinity Pressure Light Temperature Tides Abiotic stress Signalling/Communication Secondary metabolites Biotic stress Grazing Biofilm Larval settlement

7 POLYSACCHARIDES from MARINE ALGAE From Basic Research to new developments in Biotechnology From the study of cell wall to the discovery of new active molecules FROM ACADEMIA to the INDUSTRY

8 Diversity of Polysaccharides in Plants/Seaweeds Neutral polysaccharides Land plants Green algae Red algae Brown algae Cell wall skeleton Cellulose Cellulose Cellulose Mannan Xylan Cellulose Cell wall matrix (hemicellulose) Xyloglucanes Mannane (,3) (,4) glucane (,3) glucane Xyloglucanes Mannane Glucuronane -(,3)-glucane Glucomannane (,3) (,4) glucane (,3) (,4) xylane -(,3)-glucane Carbon storage Starch Starch Floridean Starch Laminarin Anionic polysaccharides (cell wall matrix) Carboxylic Pectins Ulvans Alginates Sulfated Ulvans Agars Carrageenans Porphyrans Sulfated fucans OSO 3 - OSO 3 - OSO 3 -

9 Diversity of polysaccharide degrading hydrolases Species Enzymes End products Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora Kappa-carrageenase Lambda-carrageenase Kappa-neocarrabiose Lambda-neocarrabiose Alteromonas atlantica Beta-agarase I Beta-agarase II Neoagarotetraose Neoagarobiose Alteromonas fortis Iota-carrageenase Iota-neocarratetraose Alteromonas beaufortensis Beta-agarase Neoagarotetraose Alteromonas agarilytica Alpha-agarase Agarotetraose Zobellia galactanovorans Marineflexile funavivorans Pseudomonas alginovora Kappa-carrageenase Iota-carrageenase Beta-agarase A Beta-agarase B Porphyranase Fucanase Alginate-lyase Kappa-neocarratetraose Iota-neocarratetraose Neoagarotetraose Neoagarotetraose DP 4 MM MG

10 POLYSACCHARIDES from MARINE ALGAE + Specific enzymes (hydrolases) from Marine Bacteria A large diversity of Oligosaccharides New Biological activities

11 Iodus 40, First defence stimulating product for wheat On the market since 2003 Active molecule = LAMINARINE (oligosaccharide from Laminaria digitata) CH 2 OH O CH 2 OH O OH OH OH OH Control : Induced : ß-,3 glucane

12 New Enzyme discovery in the Pre genomic Era Identification of polysaccharide hydrolases Given the scarcity of gene sequences with a validated activity, classical purification still remains the most direct way for expanding our catalogue of enzymes acting on algal polysaccharides. E., g., isolation of the l carrageenase from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora Inc ubati on h 4h 6h 8h 2h 24h 48h 96hT96h ti me A 220nm 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,08 0,06 0,04 Protein size (kda) carrageenase activity (U) DP3 Neo- carrahexaose 20 0,02 0, Elution volume (ml) A DP2 Neo- carratetraose B Guibet, Colin et al., Biochem. J., 2007,

13 With genomic resources Ectocarpus siliculosus genome 90 Mpb, Cock et al (200) Nature Census of Ectocarpus CAZymes Zobellia galactanivorans: a marine flavobacterium isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea; Barbeyron et al. (200) IJSEM GH 3 GH2 2 GH3 GH5 2 GH0 GH6 6 GH7 GH30 GH3 Census of the Zobellia CAZymes GH36 GH37 GH38 GH47 GH63 GH8 GH85 GH88 GH95 2 GT GT2 GT4 5 GT7 GT8 5 GT0 GT3 6 GT4 GT5 4 glycoside hydrolases, 2 Polysaccharide lyases GT20 GT22 3 GT23 GT24 3 GT25 GT33 2 GT34 5 GT4 GT47 and 7 Carbohydrate Esterases!!! 6 GT48 3 GT49 2 GT50 GT54 3 GT57 GT58 GT59 3 GT60 8 GT64 several large multigenic families 3 GT65 3 GT66 GT74 GT76 2 GT GH6 (agarases, -carrageenases, laminarinases) GH29 (L-fucosidase), GH43 (xylosidases, arabinases) GH = Glycoside hydrolases 4 GT = Glycosyltransferases 88 GH3 and GH97 (starch degradation), PL and PL0 (alginate lyases) 72 sulfatases! (,5 % of the genome) Michel G. et al New Phytol, 20

14 NEW ENZYMES + POLYSACCHARIDES + OMICS NEW OLIGO SACCHARIDES NEW BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY COSMETIC NUTRACEUTIC ANIMAL HEALTH

15 Investments for the future program 35 Billions For supporting Research Infrastructures and Innovation 9 large calls (2 rounds: 200 & 20) Funding for 8 0 years 3 HEALTH and BIOTECHNOLOGY National Infrastructure in Biology and Health ( ESFRI) Biotechnology and Bioresources 4 ENERGY Institute of Excellence in Decarbonated Energy

16 Scientific coordinator Dr Philippe Potin (CNRS, Roscoff) Make the best of Omics research applied to seaweed and associated bacteria to generate new genetic tools and culture methods for improving algal bio resources and the domestication of local seaweed species and to develop blue and white technologies Include environmental impacts studies as well as economic, social and ethical issues in order to guarantee a sustainable development of the algae sector 2 academic partners 5 private partners technical center

17 Aim : A chain of transfer of knowledge Seaweedomics towards Systems biology Domestication Biotechnology Sustainable Chemistry Develop basic research on brown, red and green seaweeds toward domestication of local crops and improvement of seaweeds uses in biotechnology and blue green chemistry

18 G S Micro-algae greenstars and by products a large network of partners Innovation for industrial biorefinery of microalgae «Investissements d Avenir» Institutes of Excellence on Decarbonated Energy) The core idea of GreenStars To build the missing link on algae between academic research and industry From physiology of microalgae to environmental biorefinery Multiple targeted markets (animal food, cosmetic, green chemistry, energ

19 GreenStars, several exploration platforms Strain collection Heliobiotec TIP Lagrangian simulator Algotron Aquaculture

20 GreenStars, applications are everywhere! 3 years 5 years 7 years 0 years Time of access to market Cosmetic Green Chemistry Energy Nutrition Aquaculture High volume markets Lower added value molecules Challenges: adapted species recovery, extraction low production costs Biogas Animal feed Low volume markets High value molécules

21 «EuropeanMarine Biological Resource Centre» (EMBRC) on the road map of «European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures» (ESFRI) since A preparative project since EMBRC : a distributed Research Infrastructure of state of the art research and training facilities at leading marine research stations across Europe. EMBRC will provide End Users from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Academia and Industry with access to marine biodiversity, its associated metadata and extractable products. Ecosystems SERVICES: ACCESS TO: Marine Biobanks Resources In situ experimentation Hosting facilities Technological PF Pho to : L. LEV EQ UE

22 Oban Plymouth * * Roscoff ** Bergen * St. Andrews * * Tjärno Kristineberg Bremerhaven Villefranche * * * Banyuls Faro Naples * Crete

23 OCEANOMICS WOrld ocean bioressources, biotechnologies, and Earth system services Biotechnology and Bioresources for Valorization of Marine Planktonic Ecosystems TARA OCEANS 0 Million OCEANOMICS 7 Million 2020 BIO MONITORING BIO PROSPECTING High Throughput Screening

24 OCEANOMICS WORK PLAN 60 Stations biological samples (various depths and size fractions) Total of 426,885,078 ILLUMINA sequences, corresponding to 9,074,257 distinct sequences each sequence is present 47 times in average

25 THANK YOU