Membrane Processes in Separation and Pu rification

Transcription

1 Membrane Processes in Separation and Pu rification

2 NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an intemational board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences B Physics C Mathematical and Physical Sciences D Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences G Ecological Sci~nces H Cell Biology I Global Environmental Change Plenum Publishing Corporation London and New York Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Boston and London Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris and Tokyo NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German ( WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO-peO, Overijse, Belgium. c% Series E: Applied Sciences - Vol. 272

3 Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification edited by Joao G. Crespo Department of Chemistry, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal and Karl W. Boddeker GKSS Research Centre, Geesthacht, Germany Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

4 Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification Curia, Portugal March 21-April2, 1993 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Printed on acid-free paper ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / All Rights Reserved 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1994 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

5 NATO Advanced Institute MEMBRANE PROCESSES IN SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION Director - J030 G. Crespo, Univ. Nova Lisboa, Portugal Co-Director - Karl W. BOddeker, GKSS Research Centre, Germany Scientific Advisors - P. Aptel, Univ. Paul Sabatier, France G. Belfort, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., USA M. Mulder, Univ. Twente, The Netherlands K.-V. Peinemann, GKSS Research Centre, Germany Lecturers P. Aimar, Univ. Paul Sabatier, France P. Aptel, Univ. Paul Sabatier, France G. Belfort, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., USA K. BOddeker, GKSS Research Centre, Germany L. Cot, Ecole Nat. Sup. Chimie Montpellier, France J. Crespo, Univ. Nova Lisboa, Portugal E. Cussler, Univ. Minnesota, USA F. Gerner, Fresenius AG, Germany J. Hanemaaijer, TNO, The Netherlands G. Iorio, Univ. Calabria, Italy K. Keizer, Univ. Twente, The Netherlands E. Klein, Univ. Louisville, USA K. Kroner, GBF Braunschweig, Germany M. Mulder, Univ. Twente, The Netherlands R. Noble, Univ. Colorado at Boulder, USA K. Peinemann, GKSS Research Centre, Germany C. Slater, Manhattan College, USA H. Wijmans, MTR, Inc., USA

6 Table of Contents Preface 1. MEMBRANES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY G. Belfort Membrane Processes in Biotechnology: An Introduction G. Belfort, C. A. Heath Biotechnology Processes: Membrane Materials, Modules and Process Ocsign P. Aimar, M. Meireles, P. Bacchin, V. Sanchez Fouling and Concentration Polarisation in Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration K.H.Kroner Cross-Flow Filtration of Biological Suspensions E. Klein Affinity Membranes in Bioseparations K. H. Kroner Cross-Flow Application of Mfinity Membranes G. Belfort, C. A. Heath New Developments in Membrane Bioreators G. Iorio, V. Calabro, S. Todisco Enzyme Membrane Reactors J. G. Crespo, M. Carrondo Integration of Fermentation and Membrane Processes K. W. Boddeker Recovery of Volatile Bioproducts by Pervaporation F.J. Gerner Novel Hollow Fiber Applications in Medicine and Biotechnology ix MEMBRANES IN ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY M.Mulder The Use of Membrane Processes in Environmental Problems. An Introduction P.Aptel Membrane Pressure Driven Processes in Water Treatment

7 viii J. G. Wijmans, R. W. Baker, A. L. Athayde Pervaporation: Removal of Organics from Water and Organic/Organic Separations R. D. Noble, J. D. Way Description of Facilitated Transport and Environmental Applications A. E. Jansen, R. Klaassen, P. H. M. Feron, J. H. Hanemaaijer, B. Ph. ter Meulen Membrane Gas Absorption Processes in Environmental Applications K.-V. Peinemann, K. Ohlrogge Separation of Organic Vapors from Air with Membranes NEW CONCEPTS E. L. Cussler Hollow Fiber Contactors J. T. M. Sluys, H. W. Bakkenes, R. J. M. Creusen, L. H. J. M. Schneiders, J. H. Hanemaaijer Membrane Assisted Mfinity Separations: Some Techniques and Applications K. Keizer, V. T. ZaspaIis, R. S. A. De Lange, M. P. Harold, A. J. Burggraaf Membrane Reactors for Partial Oxidation and Dehydrogenation Reactions L. Cot, C. Guizard, A. Julbe, A. Larbot Preparation and Application of Inorganic Membranes ENERGY REQUIREMENTS M.Mulder Energy Requirements in Membrane Separation Processes EDUCATION C. S. Slater Education on Membrane Science and Technology List of Contributors and Participants 495 Index 499

8 Preface The chapters of this book are based upon lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification (March 21 - April 2, 1993, Curia, Portugal), organized as a successor and update to a similar Institute that took place 10 years ago (p.m.bungay, H.K. Lonsdale, M.N. de Pinho (Eds.): Synthetic Membranes: Science, Engineering and Applications, NATO ASI Series, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986). The decade between the two NATO Institutes witnesses the transition from individually researched membrane processes to an applied and established membrane separation technology, as is reflected by the contents of the corresponding proceeding volumes. By and large, the first volume presents itself as a textbook on membrane processes, still valid, while the present volume focuses on areas of separation need as amenable to membrane processing: Biotechnology and Environmental Technology. Accordingly, the contributions to this volume are grouped into "Membranes in Biotechnology" (11 papers), "Membranes in Environmental Technology" (6 papers), and "New Concepts" (4 papers). This is followed by one contribution each on "Energy Requirements" and "Education", i.e., membrane processes within an academic curriculum. The book thus amounts to a state of the art of applied membrane processing and may well augment the more fundamental approach of its predecessor. Although grouped thematically, the contributions are individually conceived and authored, with little chance for cross-referencing. It was thus deemed prudent not to include a list of symbols or abbreviations other than those appearing in the subject index. Responsibility for inviting lecturers and suggesting topics is of the editors. Assistance by the following Scientific Advisors is gratefully acknowledged: P. Aptel, G. Belfort, M. Mulder, K.-V. Peinemann. We are very grateful to all lecturers and participants that made possible this Institute. Financial support from NATO Scienctific Affairs Division, Funda<;ao Luso Americana para 0 Desenvolvimento and Ambassade de France au Portugal is gratefully acknowledged. March,l994 Joiio Goulao Crespo and Karl Wilhelm BOddeker ix