10-9. NANOWorld harmonizing things seen and not seen. S.A.G.

Transcription

1 10-9 Dr. Anthony F. Laviano Chairman and Founder, Exec. Vice Pres., Northrop Rice Advanced Institute of Technology Phone:

2 Acknowledgement of Appreciation APEC Committee PSMA Board of Directors PSMA Nanotechnology Forum Committee (PSMA Nano100) Northrop Rice Advanced Institute of Technology This Presentation is a Preamble to our Special Nanotechnology Session Schedule for Tuesday, February 23 from 8:30 AM to Noon. and PSMA Nanotechnology Forum Committee Meeting Tuesday, February 23 from 2:00PM to 4:00 PM Santa Rosa Room You are invited to attend! Acceptance of Ideas Innovators First 2.5% Early Adopters Next 13.5% Early Majority Next 34% Late Majority Next 34% Laggards Remaining 16% Wait and see to Look and See 2

3 10-9 3

4 νανος Metric Prefix Table Prefix Symbol Multiplier Exponential yotta Y 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, zetta Z 1,000,000,000,000,000,000, exa E 1,000,000,000,000,000, peta P 1,000,000,000,000, tera T 1,000,000,000, giga G 1,000,000, mega M 1,000, kilo k 1, hecto h deca da deci d centi c milli m micro µ nano n pico p femto f atto a zepto z yocto y Nanotechnology is sometimes referred to as nanoscale and ten to the minus ninth. Nanostructures have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers 4

5 Nano-Scale Carbon Nanotube Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 5

6 Nanotechnology Life Science Physical Science Think of nanotechnology having two areas of concentration, Life Science and Physical Science. 6

7 Reactions Bonds Quarks Neutrinos Chemistry Disciplines Mesons Bucky Balls NEMS Polymer Proteins Chromosomes Monomer Biology Enzymes Neutron Gluons Molecules Quantum Effects Nanotechnology Fullerenes Tissues Cells Nanowire Surfaces Physics Quantum Dots Solid Qubits Particles Devices Nanotubes Nanotechnology is Multi-discipline Expanded Vocabulary Management and Engineering Ethics Society Business Plan 7

8 Design Approach Top-Down Bottom-Up (U.Sleytr, Boku Wien) There are two design approaches to nanotechnology, Top-Down and Bottom-Up. 8

9 Generic Technology Readiness Levels TR6 TR7 TR8 TR9 TR4 TR5 Demonstration Market TR3 Development TR1 TR2 Basic Research Prove Feasibility Physical Sciences Life Sciences Nanotechnology Technology Readiness Levels describes the advancement of technology in stages Life Sciences are more at the TR9 Level and the Physical sciences are more at the TR7 Level. TR Levels are used in industries to chart development to market. 9

10 Key Points Nanostructures: Between 1 and 100 nanometers Areas: Life Science and Physical Science Nanotechnology: Multi-discipline Design: Top-Down and Bottom-Up 10

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12 Funding History Funding for the Life Sciences has been increasing since 1970, e.g. the medical field. Physical Sciences and Engineering funding has remained flat. 12

13 U.S. Government Commitment Senate Bill 2515 dated 27 June 2002 Established Nanotechnology S. 189 Dec 2003 Approved by Congress Signed by President House Bill 766 dated 7 May 2003 Nanotechnology Research and Development Act First, I propose to double the federal commitment to the most critical basic research programs in the physical sciences over the next 10 years. This funding will support the work of America's most creative minds as they explore promising areas such as nanotechnology Pres. G. W. Bush January 23, 2006 Agency Table 2 NNI Budget History by Agency* (dollars in millions) 2001 Actual 2002 Actual 2003 Actual 2004 Actual 2005 Actual 2006 Actual DOD NSF DOE DHHS (NIH) DOC(NIST) NASA EPA USDA (CREES) DHHS (NIOSH) 3 4 USDA (FS) 2 DOJ DHS DOT(FHWA) 1 TOTAL Table 1 NNI Budget, (dollars in millions) 2007 Actual 2008 Estimate* 2009 Proposed DOD NSF DOE** DHHS (NIH) DOC (NIST) NASA EPA DHHS (NIOSH) USDA (FS) USDA (CSREES) DOJ DHS DOT (FHWA) TOTAL 1,425 1,491 1,527 U.S. Government investing in the Physical Sciences. 13

14 The goals of the NNI are to: 1. conduct R&D to realize the full potential of this revolutionary technology; 2. develop the skilled workforce and supporting infrastructure needed to advance R&D; 3. better understand the social, ethical, health, and environmental implications of the technology; and, 4. facilitate transfer of the new technologies into commercial products. Vision A future in which the ability to understand and control matter on the nanoscale leads to a revolution in technology and industry. Expedite discovery, development, and deployment of nanotechnology for: Economic benefit National & homeland security Improved quality of life The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a federal R&D program established to coordinate the multiagency efforts in nanoscale science, engineering, and technology. The NNI is managed within the framework of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), whose members appointed by the President are leaders in industry, academia and government. The Nanoscale Science Engineering and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the NSTC coordinates planning, budgeting, program implementation and review to ensure a balanced and comprehensive initiative. The NSET Subcommittee is composed of representatives from agencies participating in the NNI. 14

15 States Universities State Governments are funding nanotechnology by establishing Nanotechnology Centers and working with the University and Business Communities to develop their State economy and work force. 15

16 Capital Investment Internal Investment There are over 300 nanotechnology companies in the United States that are involved in material, electronics, computers, optics, energy, biotechnology, and other fields. Start-up nanotechnology companies are increasing. 16

17 Worldwide Activity Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic. European Union, France, Germany, India Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, China, Romania, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, and others. The U.S. Government, States, U.S. Universities, and U.S. Industries are not alone forging ahead to advance nanotechnology; each of their counterparts throughout the world are also involved in nanotechnology. Global investment estimated $6.0 Billion. 17

18 US Patent and Trademark Office Class 977 Nano Engineer IEEE Spectrum February 2007 October 2004 Over 4,000 nanotechnology patents issued in USA Nano Engineering is here! 18

19 Key Points Worldwide: Government Investment Worldwide: Industry Investment Worldwide: University Research Worldwide: Nanotechnology Companies Worldwide : Engineering Worldwide: Industry 19

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21 Technology Today and beyond Robotics Yesterday Advanced Computing Directed Energy Biotechnology Micro Air Vehicles Space THERE'S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM Richard P. Feynman s Classic Talk- 23 December 1959 Electronics January 22, The button-like object by the model with a pair of tweezers is actually an amplifier, which performs the same function as the conventional amplifier on the table. The tiny unit was developed and built by scientists of Westinghouse Electric Corporation in cooperation with the Air Force to demonstrate the feasibility of molecular electronics -- a new electrical engineering concept that could revolutionize the electronics industry and extend man's reach into space. 21

22 Nanotechnology Industry Over 2500 nanotechnology based products in 2009 worldwide. New Study: Nanobased Products Inventory 2009 and Commercialization worldwide 2009 to 2030by Helmut Kaiser Consultancy. Source: newsblaze.com November (Source: Forbes.com) (Source: Forbes.com) 1 - Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) for displays 2 - Photovoltaic film that converts light into electricity 3 - Scratch-proof coated windows that clean themselves with UV 4 - Fabrics coated to resist stains and control temperature 5 - Intelligent clothing measures pulse and respiration 6 - Bucky-tube frame is light but very strong 7 - Hip-joint made from biocompatible nanomaterials 8 - Nano-particle paint to prevent corrosion 9 - Thermo-chromic glass to regulate light 10 - Magnetic layers for compact data memory 11 - Carbon nanotube fuel cells to power electronics and vehicles 12 - Nano-engineered cochlear implant (BBC 25 Feb 2005) Today nanotechnology companies are producing diverse commercial products for the market place. We now have a Nanotechnology Industry that is growing. The possibilities for applying nanotechnology are unlimited. 22

23 Power Sources We have come a long way since our earlier power device, the horse. We have transitioned to power electronic sources smoothly through technology. Electronic platforms are getting smaller and smarter. 23

24 Nano Generator Size Weight - Power Titanium-coated nanotube cables (Georgia Tech photo by Gary Meek) Image credit: Cao, et al. (c) Chemistry of Materials Source: Chemistry World News January Nanoporous Materials for Energy Production and Storage Researchers at Georgia Tech have demonstrated a prototype nanometer-scale generator that produces continuous direct-current electricity by harvesting mechanical energy from such environmental sources as ultrasonic waves, mechanical vibration or blood flow. The prototype direct-current nanogenerator was developed by Georgia Tech researchers using an array of zinc oxide nanowires. Source: Sandia National Laboratories Source: 24

25 Size Weight - Power Nuclear Nano-batteries Sandia National Laboratories Source: Smart Nanobattery Shrinking Electrodes to Nanometer Scale Source: ARDEC Rensselaer researchers infused this paper with aligned carbon nanotubes, which give the device its black color. The nanotubes act as electrodes and allow the storage devices to conduct electricity. The device, engineered to function as both a lithiumion battery and a supercapacitor, can provide the long, steady power output comparable to a conventional battery, as well as a supercapacitor s quick burst of high energy. Source: 25

26 Size Weight - Power Nano Electronics Researcher Decodes Radio Signals Using Atom-Sized Component "Courtesy Zettl Research Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California at Berkeley." A scientist has unveiled a working radio built from carbon nanotubes that are only a few atoms across, or almost 1,000 times smaller than today's radio technology. The nanotech device is a demodulator, a simple circuit that decodes radio waves and turns them into audio signals. By hooking the decoder up to two metal wires, University of California at Irvine professor Peter Burke transmitted music via AM radio waves from an ipod to speakers across the room who reported his findings in the November 14, 2007 issue of the American Chemical Society's Nano Letters. 26

27 Size Weight - Power A wafer full of 45nm "Penryn" chips. Source: Intel. (2007) Processors on an Intel 45nm Hafnium-based High-k Metal Gate ''Penryn'' Wafer photographed with a penny. Using an entirely new transistor formula, the processors incorporate 410 million transistors for each dual core chip, and 820 million for each quad core chip. Source: CNNMoney.com (2007) First Transistor 1947 C6H6 Benzene Molecule Image: Hyunwook Song and Takhee Lee A group of scientists has succeeded in creating the first transistor made from a single molecule. The team, which includes researchers from Yale University and the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology in South Korea, published their findings in the December 24 issue of the journal Nature. Engineers applied a voltage to a benzene molecule, allowing them to raise and lower its energy states and demonstrate that the molecule could be used exactly like a traditional transistor. Source: Science and Engineering Yale Bulletin December 23,

28 Summary Today! Today! and Yesterday Yesterday 1 ( )- ( )-..=..=10-9 = (Size + Weight + Power) = Head of Pin 2009 AFL from Wait and see to Look and See to application. from Wait and see to Look and See Thank You! 28

29 Questions? Nanotechnology 1nm -100nm More Answers! Special Nanotechnology Session Tuesday, February 23 from 8:30 AM to Noon. and PSMA Nanotechnology Forum Committee Meeting Tuesday, February 23 From 2:00PM to 4:00 PM Santa Rosa Room You are invited to attend! PSMA Nanotechnology Forum eeducation PSMA Nano100 Tutorial Free to Members 29