CFC, HCFC, and HFC Nomenclature CFC, HCFC, and HFC Nomenclature (Continued) Major Applications Synthesis of CFCs, HCFCs, and

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1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... 1 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY... 1 CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM... 2 SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT... 3 SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT (CONTINUED)... 4 SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT (CONTINUED)... 5 SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT (CONTINUED)... 6 CLASSIFICATION OF FLUOROCHEMICALS... 7 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES... 8 ANALYST S CREDENTIALS... 8 RELATED BCC REPORTS... 9 BCC ONLINE SERVICES... 9 DISCLAIMER... 9 CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY TABLE U.S. OVERALL PERFORMANCE FLUOROCHEMICAL AND POLYMER MARKETS ESTIMATES, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS) SUMMARY FIGURE U.S. OVERALL PERFORMANCE FLUOROCHEMICAL AND POLYMER MARKETS ESTIMATES, 2010 AND 2015 (MILLION POUNDS) CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW OF FLUOROCHEMICALS AND POLYMERS ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS TABLE 1 HYDROCARBON AND HALOCARBON BOND STRENGTHS TABLE 2 PROPERTIES CONFERRED BY FLUORINE SUBSTITUTION ALIPHATIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS Chlorofluorocarbons Hydrochlorofluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons Hydrofluoroolefins Common Commercial Uses TABLE 3 COMMON CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCS) AND REFRIGERANT MIXTURES TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) TABLE 4 HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS AND HCFC-BASED MIXTURES TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) TABLE 5 HYDROFLUOROCARBONS (HFCS) AND HFC-BASED MIXTURES TABLE 5 (CONTINUED)... 22

2 CFC, HCFC, and HFC Nomenclature CFC, HCFC, and HFC Nomenclature (Continued) Major Applications Synthesis of CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCS Trifluoroaliphatics Other Fluoroaliphatics Intermediates Fluorosilanes Carbon Tetrafluoride Perfluoroethane (Hexafluoroethane) Air Products Selectfluor and Deoxo-Fluor AROMATIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS Ring-Substituted Fluoroaromatics Fluorobenzene Other Ring-Substituted Aromatics Side-Chain Substituted Fluoroaromatics INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS WATER FLUORIDATION CHEMICALS Hydrofluosilicic Acid Sodium Silicofluoride Sodium Fluoride TABLE 6 WATER SOLUBILITY OF WATER TREATMENT FLUORIDE CHEMICALS Other Water Fluoridation Chemicals Ammonium Silicofluoride Magnesium Silicofluoride Potassium Fluoride Calcium Fluoride Hydrofluoric Acid Bifluorides INORGANIC DENTAL FLUORIDES FLUOBORON COMPOUNDS Fluoborates Boron Trifluoride Boron Trifluoride Complexes Uncomplexed Boron Trifluoride GASEOUS PERFORMANCE INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS Fluorine Halogen Fluorides Hydrogen Fluoride Nitrogen Trifluoride Nitrogen Trifluoride (Continued) Silicon Tetrafluoride... 43

3 Sulfur Tetrafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride Tungsten Hexafluoride Uranium Hexafluoride OTHER INORGANIC FLUORIDES Cleaners, Dopants, and Etchants Others FLUOROPOLYMERS AND FLUOROELASTOMERS FLUOROPOLYMER RESINS TABLE 7 FLUOROPOLYMER NAMES AND ACRONYMS Synthetic Routes and Average Properties TABLE 8 FLUOROPOLYMER RAW MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC ROUTES TABLE 9 AVERAGE PROPERTIES OF FLUOROPOLYMER RESINS TABLE 10 FLUOROPOLYMER PROPERTIES AND THE EFFECTS OF INCREASING FLUORINE CONTENT Processing Other Characteristics Polytetrafluoroethylene Polytetrafluoroethylene (Continued) Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fluorinated Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF) Perfluoroalkyl-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (PFA) Poly-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Other Fluoropolymer Resins Perfluorinated Ion Exchange/Electrolytic Membrane Resins Solid (Dry) Lubricants Safety, Handling, and Regulatory Matters FLUOROELASTOMERS Fluorocarbon Elastomers VF 2 /HFP (FKM) Fluoroelastomers VF 2 /HFP/TFE (FKM) Fluoroelastomers TFE/P (FXM) Fluoroelastomers TFE/P/VF 2 Advanced Fluoroelastomers Perfluoro (or Perfluorinated) (FFKM) Fluoroelastomers VF 2 /CTFE (CFM) Fluoroelastomers Fluorosilicone (FVMQ) Elastomers Differences and Applications LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FLUOROPOLYMERS... 66

4 Synthesis of Low MW Fluoropolymers Electrochemical Synthesis Telomerization Oligomerization Functional Fluids Chlorotrifluoroethylene Fluids Perfluorinated Alkyls Perfluorinated Polyether (PFPE) Fluids Fluorosilicones Surfactants TABLE 11 FLUOROSURFACTANT APPLICATIONS Textile Finishing Chemicals Textile Finishing Chemicals (Continued) Chemical Intermediates CHAPTER FOUR: MARKETS BY PRODUCT TYPE OR CLASS MARKET OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST TABLE 12 OVERALL PERFORMANCE FLUOROCHEMICAL AND POLYMER MARKET ESTIMATES BY PRODUCT TYPE OR CLASS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECASTS TABLE 13 U.S. MERCHANT ORGANIC PERFORMANCE FLUOROCHEMICALS, MARKET ESTIMATES BY CHEMICAL TYPE OR CLASS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION POUNDS) TABLE 14 U.S. MERCHANT MARKET ESTIMATES FOR ALIPHATIC ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS BY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) NONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CHEMICAL PROCESSING REFRIGERATION Refrigeration (Continued) COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS PACKAGING AND CONSUMER APPLICATIONS OTHER APPLICATIONS INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST TABLE 15 U.S. MERCHANT MARKET ESTIMATES FOR PERFORMANCE INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) WATER FLUORIDATION Background... 86

5 Cost Benefit TABLE 16 EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT DENTAL FLUORIDATION METHODS DENTISTRY NONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING Fluoborates Gases ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CHEMICAL PROCESSING Hydrogen Fluoride Boron Trifluoride Others COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS OTHER APPLICATIONS FLUOROPOLYMERS MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST TABLE 17 U.S. MERCHANT FLUOROPOLYMER MARKET ESTIMATES BY TYPE OR CLASS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) NONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Resins Elastomers Low-Molecular Weight Polymers ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Wire and Cable Other Fluoropolymer Applications CHEMICAL PROCESSING COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS Resins Low Molecular Weight Polymers PACKAGING AND CONSUMER APPLICATIONS OTHER APPLICATIONS Other Applications (Continued) CHAPTER FIVE: MARKETS BY APPLICATIONS MARKET OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY MARKET ESTIMATE TABLE TABLE 18 OVERALL PERFORMANCE FLUOROCHEMICALS AND POLYMER MARKET ESTIMATES, BY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) WATER FLUORIDATION TABLE 19 WATER FLUORIDATION CHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)

6 DENTISTRY TABLE 20 TOOTHPASTE FLUORIDES MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) NONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FLUOROCHEMICALS TABLE 21 NONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Organic Fluorochemicals Inorganic Fluorochemicals FLUOROPOLYMERS TABLE 22 NONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FLUOROPOLYMERS SUMMARY MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Resins TABLE 23 NONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FLUOROPOLYMER RESINS MARKET ESTIMATE BY RESIN TYPE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) TABLE 24 NONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FLUOROPOLYMER RESINS MARKET ESTIMATE BY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Elastomers Low Molecular Weight Polymers ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING FLUOROCHEMICALS TABLE 25 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATES, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Organic Fluorochemicals TABLE 26 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Organic Fluorochemicals (Continued) Inorganic Fluorochemicals TABLE 27 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Fluoborates Gases Others FLUOROPOLYMERS TABLE 28 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING FLUOROPOLYMERS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

7 FLUOROCHEMICALS Organic Fluorochemicals Inorganic Fluorochemicals FLUOROPOLYMERS TABLE 29 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FLUOROPOLYMERS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Wire and Cable Resins Used Other Polymers and Applications CHEMICAL PROCESSING FLUOROCHEMICALS TABLE 30 CHEMICAL PROCESSING FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Organic Fluorochemicals TABLE 31 CHEMICAL PROCESSING ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Inorganic Fluorochemicals TABLE 32 CHEMICAL PROCESSING INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) FLUOROPOLYMERS TABLE 33 CHEMICAL PROCESSING FLUOROPOLYMERS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) REFRIGERATION TABLE 34 FLUOROCHEMICAL REFRIGERANTS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) TABLE 35 U.S. CONSUMPTION ESTIMATE OF CFC REPLACEMENTS IN REFRIGERATION, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS FLUOROCHEMICALS TABLE 36 COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENT FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Organic Fluorochemicals TABLE 37 COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENT ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) Organic Fluorochemicals (Continued) Inorganic Fluorochemicals FLUOROPOLYMERS TABLE 38 COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENT FLUOROPOLYMERS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)

8 PACKAGING AND OTHER CONSUMER APPLICATIONS TABLE 39 PACKAGING AND OTHER CONSUMER APPLICATIONS FLUOROCHEMICALS AND POLYMERS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS TABLE 40 PACKAGING AND OTHER CONSUMER APPLICATIONS ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) FLUOROPOLYMERS TABLE 41 PACKAGING AND OTHER CONSUMER APPLICATION FLUOROPOLYMERS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) TABLE 42 PERFORMANCE FLUOROCHEMICALS AND POLYMERS IN OTHER MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS MARKET ESTIMATE, THROUGH 2015 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS FLUOROPOLYMERS CHAPTER SIX: FLUOROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUOROCHEMICALS CHEMICAL AND BIOREACTIVE PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS FLUOROPOLYMERS COMMERCIAL FLUOROCHEMICAL AND FLUOROPOLYMER RAW MATERIALS FLUORSPAR Fluorspar (Continued) PHOSPHATE ROCK ORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICAL AND FLUOROPOLYMER FEEDSTOCKS Chloroform Carbon Tetrachloride Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) Perchloroethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene) Trichloroethylene SYNTHESIS OF ORGANOFLUORINE COMPOUNDS HALOGEN EXCHANGE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS DIRECT FLUORINATION CHEMISTRY AND SYNTHETIC METHODS FOR INORGANIC FLUOROCHEMICALS

9 NEWER TECHNOLOGIES CFC (AND NOW ALSO HCFC) REPLACEMENTS HCFCs HFCs HFCs (Continued) Mixtures and Continuing Problems Other Materials that Can Substitute for CFCs Cleaning and Solvent Applications Blowing Agents Refrigeration SUPERCRITICAL SOLVENT EXTRACTION SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE FLUOROPOLYMER PROCESS SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURE PERFLUOROCARBON ARTIFICIAL BLOOD AND BREATHING AIDS MELT-PROCESSABLE PTFE PERFLUOROPOLYETHER-BASED ELASTOMERS CHAPTER SEVEN: PUBLIC POLICY THE OZONE LAYER AND THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT BACKGROUND THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL Carbon Tetrachloride and Methyl Chloroform Transitional Compounds PROGRAMME FOR ALTERNATIVE FLUOROCARBON TOXICITY TESTING (PAFT) Projections of Future Atmospheric CFC Levels CFC PHASEOUT PROGRESS THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING Potential Effects of New Products Predictions The Kyoto Protocol and Later Climate Conferences The Kyoto Protocol and (Continued) WATER FLUORIDATION CONTROVERSY Safety Research CONCERNS OVER FLUOROCHEMICALS AND PERFLUOROCHEMICALS PERFLUOROALKYL SULFONATES AND REPLACEMENTS PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Continued) FLUOROPOLYMER BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS

10 CHAPTER EIGHT: INDUSTRY AND MARKET STRUCTURE MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FACTORS COMMON MARKET FACTORS SPECIFIC PRODUCT MARKET FACTORS Specific Product Market Factors MAJOR PRODUCERS AND SUPPLIERS SUPPLIERS AND PRODUCTS Consolidation, Restructuring, etc Domestic Companies Recent Developments INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS MAJOR FOREIGN COMPANIES IMPORTS AND EXPORTS DISTRIBUTION AND TECHNICAL SERVICE PRICES AND PRICING PRICES AND PRICING (CONTINUED) CHAPTER NINE: SUPPLIER COMPANY PROFILES INTRODUCTION SUPPLIER COMPANIES ACETO CORP ADVANCE RESEARCH CHEMICALS, INC ADVANCED SPECIALTY GASES, INC AGC CHEMICALS AMERICAS, INC AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC ALBEMARLE CORP ANDERSON DEVELOPMENT CO ARKEMA, INC Arkema, Inc. (Continued) DAIKIN AMERICA, INC DOW CORNING CORP E.I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS & CO DYNEON, LLC W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES, INC W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. (Continued) GREEN, TWEED & CO HALOCARBON PRODUCTS CORP Halocarbon Products Corp. (Continued) HONEYWELL, INC Honeywell, Inc. (Continued) KALTRON-PETTIBONE LCI, LTD MEXICHEM FLUOR, INC MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING CO OMG FIDELITY

11 OMNOVA SOLUTIONS, INC PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORP RHODIA, INC SACHEM, INC SHIN-ETSU SILICONES OF AMERICA, INC SOLVAY N.A., LLC Solvay N.A., LLC (continued) ZEON CHEMICALS, LP APPENDIX GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, ETC GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, (CONTINUED) GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, (CONTINUED) GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, (CONTINUED) GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, (CONTINUED) GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, (CONTINUED) GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, (CONTINUED) GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, (CONTINUED)