Advances in Environmental Biotechnology

Transcription

1 Advances in Environmental Biotechnology

2 Raman Kumar Anil Kumar Sharma Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia Editors Advances in Environmental Biotechnology

3 Editors Raman Kumar Department of Biotechnology Maharishi Markandeshwar University Ambala, Haryana India Anil Kumar Sharma Department of Biotechnology Maharishi Markandeshwar University Ambala, Haryana India Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia Department of Biotechnology General Shivdev Singh Diwan Gurbachan Singh Khalsa College Patiala, Punjab India ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore , Singapore

4 Preface Recent advancements in environmental biotechnology have been instrumental to deal with many environmental concerns and global challenges. This frontier branch of biotechnology has always been a fascinating field for the research and academic fraternity, which is consistently attracting the scientific community to delineate complex mechanisms in order to resolve global environmental issues. Today, we face many challenges with respect to our environment, which is predominantly being affected by the exhaustive human activities, increased urbanization, and industrial growth. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to understand intricate details about this association of human beings with the environment. Majority of the natural resources have reached up to the level of extinction as a result of excessive exploitation and increased consumption rate. Environment-friendly sustainable tools and technologies are being employed to considerably reduce the pollution. Less environmentally sustainable chemical means as employed earlier have many disadvantages associated with them, making the scientific fraternity to look for modern biotechnological sustainable alternatives. Modern tools of environmental biotechnology could provide us a better platform at least to improve our quality standards and the overall environment and to explore the possibility of using renewable raw materials. Current trends demand for a cost-effective, eco-friendly sustainable technology for the production of products maintaining high-quality standards and recycling of waste products further, reducing the pollution. This book comprises of various chapters started with the basic of Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology, followed by Measurement of Environmental Pollution: Types and Techniques. Many chapters were incorporated on various aspects of bioremediation such as removal of pollutants, technologies for decolorization of effluent, and tannery wastewater treatment in addition to advanced technologies for wastewater treatment and perspectives of bioreactors in wastewater treatment. The advance trend of application of biosensors, nanotechnology, genetically modified microorganisms in heavy metal bioremediation, phytoremediation technology for sustainable environmental biotechnology, and agricultural biotechnology was discussed. The use of microbial community to degrade or remove environmental contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, dyes, etc. needs to be strongly encouraged. For the sustainable use of microbial community for the bioremediation v

5 vi Preface process, there is a need to understand the metal-microbial interaction so that in-depth mechanism of bioremediation and biodegradation could be delineated. Keeping in view of the above concerns, authors have brought forward to bring major advancements employing modern environmental technologies through this book under the umbrella of Springer Publishers. The book aims to provide a comprehensive view of advanced environmental approaches for wastewater treatment, heavy metal removal, pesticide degradation, dye removal, waste management, microbial transformation of environmental contaminants, etc. Our readers have been well apprised of the modern trends and scope of employing various state-of-the-art approaches to clean up and save our environment. The continued success of the books published under the banner of Springer Publishers is the result of a joint effort of a dedicated editorial and publishing team, and we will continue to evolve progressively for the benefit of our contributors and readers. In preparation for this book, we have benefitted from the guidance and advice of a large number of biotechnology instructors across the country. We gratefully acknowledge our debt to the reviewers, who provided constructive criticism and valuable suggestions at various stages. While thanking all the contributors, we reiterate our commitment for the ethical and quality work published through this book Advances in Environmental Biotechnology.We anticipatethatthis book would be able to provide a comprehensive, accessible, up-to-date information about sustainable approaches in making an eco-friendly environment. Moreover, this book offers an instant access to a wealth of data for environmental biotechnologists and microbial and biochemical technologists along with student fraternity from diverse streams of environmental engineering and industrial biotechnology. We would like to acknowledge our spouse and families who have provided the constant invaluable support throughout the writing process. Finally, we have an enduring appreciation for our young researchers, whose comments and suggestions provide insight and remind us their need as this book is for them. If you don t worry about it now, Its too late, later on... (Karl Sagan) Ambala, Haryana, India Ambala, Haryana, India Patiala, Punjab, India Raman Kumar Anil Kumar Sharma Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia

6 Contents 1 Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology... 1 Roshan Gul and Raman Kumar 2 Measurement of Environmental Pollution: Types and Techniques Rajeev Kumar, Arsum Pathak, Moondeep Chauhan, and Sushma Negi 3 Need for the Advanced Technologies for Wastewater Treatment Jagjit Kaur, Sandeep Punia, and Kuldeep Kumar 4 Perspectives of Bioreactors in Wastewater Treatment Nipunjot Kaur Soni-Bains, Amandeep Singh, Jashanjot Kaur, Anamika Pokharia, and Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia 5 Bioremediation Technologies for the Removal of Pollutants Bhupinder Dhir 6 Bioremediation Technologies for Decolorization of Effluent Anamika Pokharia and Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia 7 Bioremediation of Tannery Wastewater Prachi Chaudhary, Vinod Chhokar, Anil Kumar, and Vikas Beniwal 8 Sustainable Environmental Biotechnology Harmanjit Kaur 9 Application of Nanotechnology in the Environment Biotechnology Jagjit Kaur, Teena Pathak, Apoorva Singh, and Kuldeep Kumar 10 Biofertilizers and Biopesticides: Eco-friendly Biological Agents Bhupinder Dhir 11 Approaches to Agro-industrial Solid Waste Disposal and Bioenergy Generation Aneet Kaur vii

7 viii Contents 12 Role of Genetically Modified Microorganisms in Heavy Metal Bioremediation Saurabh Gupta and Daljeet Singh 13 Agriculture Biotechnology Daizee Talukdar, Rohit Sharma, and Raman Kumar 14 Recent Advances in Phytoremediation Technology Pradeep Dhanwal, Anil Kumar, Shruti Dudeja, Vinod Chhokar, and Vikas Beniwal 15 Microbial Flora and Biodegradation of Pesticides: Trends, Scope, and Relevance Ridhima Arya, Raman Kumar, Navnit Kumar Mishra, and Anil Kumar Sharma 16 Biosensors: A Tool for Environmental Monitoring and Analysis Sachin Kumar Suryan

8 About the Editors Dr. Raman Kumar is working as associate professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, India, since He has also worked as senior research fellow of the Division of Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India, from 2007 to He has experience of about 10 years in the field of teaching and research in the area of microbial and environmental biotechnology. He has published more than 30 publications in various national and international peer-reviewed journals. He developed many bacterial and fungal strains for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. His current research areas are bioremediation and biodegradation of toxic pollutants, pesticides, and azo dyes using microbial consortium from the industrial effluents, mechanism involved in the heavy metal bioremediation. Dr. Anil Kumar Sharma is a full professor and head of the Department of Biotechnology with about 15 years of teaching and research experience after PhD. He did his doctorate from the PGIMER, Chandigarh (year 2000), in the field of medical biotechnology. He worked as a senior research scientist and a postdoctoral research fellow (molecular biology) in the Microbiology and Immunology Department at the UIC College of Medicine in Chicago, IL, USA, for about 7.5 years. He has more than 80 publications in peer-reviewed journals of national and international repute with a cumulative impact factor of his publications around 115. He has won many prestigious awards and accolades in his career. In 2000, he was felicitated with a MGIMS Young Scientist Award from the Association of Clinical Biochemists of India (ACBI), while in 2013, he won the Bharat Excellence Award from the FFI, New Delhi, India, for his research accomplishments in basic sciences. His research interests are diverse ranging from understanding the metal regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, drug resistance, cancer biology, and nanomedicines to the development of microbial strains for remediation of heavy metals and pesticides. Dr. Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia is presently working as an assistant professor at the Department of Biotechnology, at General Shivdev Singh Diwan Gurbachan Singh Khalsa College, Patiala, Punjab (India). He did his MSc in biotechnology ix

9 x About the Editors from Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab (India), and PhD from Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab (India). He has 22 years of research experience including 10 years of teaching microbiology, environmental biotechnology, and microbial technology for graduate students. Dr. Ahluwalia has published 25 research papers in peer-reviewed international and national journals; in addition, he has presented 33 research papers in conferences and symposia along with three patents in his credit. Dr. Ahluwalia has reviewed a number of research papers/manuscripts. Dr. Ahluwalia has received the grants from the UGC, Government of India, New Delhi, and CSIR, New Delhi, for research projects. Further, he has developed the technology for the removal of Cr (VI) from chrome effluent. Besides that, he is a fellow member of Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment as well as a life member of the Biotech Research Society of India, Association of Microbiologists of India, and Punjab Academy of Sciences. His research interests are in the field of environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, and environmental monitoring.