Welcome all. Principles of Tissue Engineering AMME4971 & AMME5971. Convenor: Professor Hala Zreiqat

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1 Welcome all Principles of Tissue Engineering AMME4971 & AMME5971 Convenor: Professor Hala Zreiqat Office S511 AMME JO7

2 Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit Faculty of Engineering

3 Faculty of Engineering Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit

4 Availability for honour projects for 2014 If interested please come and see me to discuss

5 Date Lecturer Title Week 1 05/03/2014 Hala Zreiqat Overview of Tissue Engineering Week 2 12/03/2014 Toby Coates Islet transplantation and dendritic cells for renal transplantation Week 3 19/03/2014 John Rasko Engineering stem cells: from niche to clinic Week 4 26/03/2014 Andrew Zannettino Stem cells: Future therapeutic prospects of adult stem cells Week 5 02/04/2014 Peter Lelkes Regenerative whole organ engineering Week 6 09/04/2014 Tailoi Chan Stem cell biology & regenerative medicine: Everything you've always wanted to know and was afraid to ask Week 7 16/04/2014 Margaret Smith Extracellular matrix Cartilage and tendon regeneration Week 8 30/04/2014 Harry Lowe Intravascular scaffolding using coronary stents. Past, present, future Week 9 07/05/2014 Chris O Neill Embryonic stem cells Week 10 14/05/2014 Colin Dunstan Building bone with biologics Week 11 21/05/2014 Nick Hockin Dental implants pros and cons need for bone regeneration in dentistry Week 12 28/05/2014 Hala Zreiqat Building bone with synthetic materials Week 13 04/06/2014 Peter Newman Iman Roohani Biomedical engineers practical approach to novel engineered synthetic bio-substitutes

6 Housekeeping Be on time!!! lecture starts at 9:00 am (sharp), being late is not acceptable (you will be marked down if late or absent) - Attendance is critical Listening and taking notes in the lectures is the best way to understand the content for assessments Not all lectures will be posted on the web, due to unpublished data being presented (i.e. you are hearing about the most up-to-date research!), this is dependent on the lecturer Mobile phones off No chit chatting in the lecture room

7 Tutorials Tutors: Jiao Jiao Li Wednesdays 2 4 pm Aeronautical Tutorial Room N214

8 Objectives of Course To gain a basic understanding of the major areas of interest in tissue engineering in a variety of different tissues/organs To learn to apply basic engineering principles to tissue engineering systems To understand the advances, challenges and difficulties of tissue engineering and where the field is at currently To familiarise yourself with critical analysis of journal articles

9 Learning Outcomes TISSUE ENGINEERING To develop a theoretical understanding of the basic concepts of tissue engineering and be exposed to the various specific disciplines of this field. You will develop specific expertise through the lectures given by invited speakers at the forefront of their research DESIGN You will each complete an individual assignment on the applications of tissue engineering to bone, dental, skeletal tissue, skin, neural, vascular and cardiology. In your assignment you will discuss the advances and future direction and identify key areas of shortcoming in the specific fields and discuss the general problem and possible solutions INFORMATION SEEKING You will gain expertise by conducting a scientific literature review of the current progress in the field of tissue engineering in general. Specifically, you will undertake a thorough scientific search on the latest development in the research conducted in your chosen assignment topic COMMUNICATION/PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND TEAM SKILLS To achieve effective communications the tutorial class will be divided into small groups where each group will present their findings on their assigned project/paper for discussion with the whole class on their results, ideas and critically evaluate their scientific findings. This participation will develop team work skills

10 Things to consider during the lectures: How does the research fit into the field of Tissue Engineering? What are the key concepts highlighted in this lecture? What developments have been made through this research and what challenges still remain in this area of study? If you don t understand anything or you want to hear more about a particular point ask a question!!

11 Major Assignment Choose any of the topics discussed in the course Literature review of the subject Latest research in the area Challenges and future directions Maximum 30 pages including references (at least 15-20) and figures (more concise = better!) Topic must be different from your thesis and presentation Worth 30% of total mark Due 5pm Thursday wk 12 (29/05/2014)

12 Major Assignment - Specifics Write a review on tissue engineering focusing on a tissue type of your choice (e.g. bone, cartilage, heart, skin) Why is there a need to replace/regenerate this tissue How might this need be addressed by tissue engineering strategies What are the latest research developments relating to tissue engineering of this particular tissue What tissue engineering products have faced the market or are in clinical trials for this particular tissue What are the unmet challenges associated with current tissue engineering products and how do you propose that these can be addressed in the future Please adequately reference your assignment use peer reviewed sources (journal articles, reference books etc, NOT Wikipedia), indicate them clearly in text and list consistently in bibliography

13 Major Assignment Marking Criteria Background outlining problem (i.e. reason for need for tissue engineering) and biology of chosen tissue 7 marks Current state of research field both generally and using specific studies as examples 8 marks Future directions including your own thoughts about where the field is heading 7 marks Appropriate referencing and length 3 marks Grammar and logical flow of information 5 marks TOTAL = 30 marks

14 Worth 40% of total mark 2 hour open-book exam FINAL EXAM Short answer questions (choose 6 short answer questions out of 12) All questions get equal marks You will not be asked about specific papers discussed in tutorials How to get good marks? Listen and understand the content in lectures and participate in class discussions in tutorials

15 Participation Attendance and interaction Lectures (ask questions) Tutorials (discussion of papers) Deductions will be made to your final course mark for any unjustified absence or lateness.

16 Assessments Research presentation 30% Major Assignment 30% FINAL EXAM 40% YOU WILL BE MARKED DOWN FOR NOT ATTENDING THE LECTURES

17 Tissue engineering; the new frontier

18 Tissue engineering: why is it necessary? Tissue reconstruction is needed either because Abnormalities we are born with Most tissues cannot regenerate completely following a disease or injury Even tissues that is fixed spontaneously (e.g., skin, bone ) may not completely do so if defects are large SOLUTION ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

19 Shortage of whole organs Waiting list candidates (as off today 7:39 am) ~121,508 Transplants Dec 2013 (as off today 7:39 am) 28,954 Donors April 2013 (as off today 7:39 am) 14,258

20 Organ transplant The first successful organ transplant took place half a century ago (kidney transplant, 1954) Saved lives but are imperfect Shortage of donor Immune rejection Long-term complications from surgery

21 Immunosuppressant present a number of challenges for the clinician Can increase susceptibility to infections because your suppressed immune system is less able than normal to fight off bacteria, viruses and other foreign substance. long-term or intensive immunosuppressive treatment you may be at increased risk of developing lymphomas and other cancers, particularly skin cancer or diabetes

22 High technology in organ transplant Consent signed Biocompatibility-match immunologically Connecting physicians together Timing-preserving the organs Airlines

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24 Tissue engineering; the new frontier

25 Tissue engineering: is to cure diseases application of principles and methods of engineering and life sciences toward fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships in normal and diseased tissues development of biological substitutes to restore, maintain or improve tissue function

26 Tissue engineering is a happy medium between tissue grafting/organ transplant and artificial implants Tissue engineering is the use of biodegradable materials combined with biologics (cells, genes and/or proteins) to reconstruct tissues.

27 Goal of tissue engineering Is to apply innovative technologies to the knowledge that biologists have gained in past decades and improve current man-made materials to be more adaptable and versatile

28 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Applies principles of engineering and life sciences To develop biological substitutes To regenerate, repair, replace or enhance biological function that has been lost due to congenital abnormalities, injury, disease, or aging.

29 The foundation of tissue engineering for either therapeutic or diagnostic applications through the ability to exploit living cells in a variety of ways.

30 Tissue engineering is an emerging multidisciplinary field Biology Medicine Engineering Restore, maintain, or enhance tissue and organ function

31 to revolutionize the ways we improve the health and quality of life for millions of people worldwide by restoring, maintaining, or enhancing tissue and organ function This will solve this dilemma

32 Tissue engineering research includes Biomaterials Cells Biomolecules and growth factors Engineering design aspects Biomechanics Materials Biochemical and physio-chemical factors Informatics to support tissue engineering and stem cell research

33 Scientific advances will grow out of old-fashioned communication. No single scientist has the breadth of knowledge necessary to grow a particular tissue

34 Studying biological materials offers new opportunities to materials scientists to do what they do best: solve complex multidisciplinary scientific problems.

35 Concept: Implantation Cells Tissue specific Adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells Biomaterial Natural or synthetic Mesh, foam, capsule Culture system Static Stirred Dynamic New tissue Bone Cartilage Liver Intestine Ureter and many other Adapted from Langer and Vacanti (Lancet, 1999)

36 The outlook for the next 20 years We will have more biological spare parts to repair and maintain our body Methods for inducing regeneration and organs inside the body - better medicine Engineered tissues will provide the platform for the prevention and therapies of some of major diseases Medicine will become more and more personalised

37 Tutorials Wednesdays 2-4pm Aeronautical Tutorial Room N214

38 Week 2 Tutorial Introduction Introduce students to the tutorial structure How to find journal papers and identify the right grade of papers Practical examples of reading a good paper vs bad paper Introduction to biology concepts To help understand methods and concepts in journal papers Outline of assessments Group presentation Literature review

39 Week 3, 4, 5 Tutorials Journal papers will be ed to you the week before the tutorial Class discussion of papers in the tutorial based on given questions Level of participation in the class discussions will contribute to your participation mark Week 3 topic: Tissue engineering Week 4 topic: Stem cells Week 5 topic: Bone tissue engineering

40 Weeks 6, 7, 8, 9 Tutorials Class discussion of journal papers in 1 st half of tutorial Work on group presentation in 2 nd half of tutorial Form groups in week 6 and decide topic Week 6 topic: Renal tissue engineering Week 7 topic: Whole organ engineering Week 8 topic: Cartilage/tendon tissue engineering Week 9 topic: Vascular tissue engineering

41 Weeks 10, 11, 12 Tutorials Group presentations All groups to submit handout and/or electronic copy of presentation slides at the start of the tutorial in week 10

42 Weeks 13 Tutorial Group presentation feedback Summary of topics Exam preparation

43 TUTORIAL OUTCOMES Consolidate lecture topics Familiarise yourself with reading papers Understand relevance of the papers to Tissue Engineering

44 Thank you