Post-harvest fibre processing and use. Jan E.G. van Dam

Transcription

1 Post-harvest fibre processing and use Jan E.G. van Dam

2 Fibre crops post-harvest and use Background Fibre crops Fibre sources Fibre quality Fibre processing Fibre markets Textiles to nano-cellulose

3 Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) For quality of life Jan E. G. van Dam

4 Wageningen UR mission To explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life

5 Three partners Wageningen University Nine applied research institutes Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences

6 Organisational structure

7 Agrotechnology & Food Science Group DLO Contract Research: Food & Biobased Research Wageningen University: Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Food & Fresh Chains Biobased Products Nutrition Sciences Food Sciences Biobased Sciences Biomolecular Sciences Healthy & delicious food Biofuels & energy Toxicology Food physics Environmental technology Biochemistry Sustainable food chains Biobased materials Sensory and eating behavior Food chemistry Bioprocess engineering Biophysics Biobased chemicals Nutrition and epidemiology Food microbiology Biomass commodity chemistry Physical chemistry & colloid sciences Nutrition and pharmacology Food processing engineering Biomass refinery & Process dynamics Organic chemistry Nutrition and health Product design and quality management Biological recovery & re-use technology Microbiology Nutrition, metabolism and genomics Systems and synthetic biology

8 Biobased products at Wageningen UR

9 Biobased Products Development of: industrial processes industrial products Based on: renewable (plant, animal, micro-organism) based resources Green chemistry

10 Expertises Biobased Products Sustainable logistics & chains Biomass production and pretreatment Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates Biobased materials Biobased chemicals Bio-fuel technologies

11 Background & objectives Development of the biobased economy Traditional use of fibre crops Declining markets for fibre crops Constraints in markets for fibre crops New markets Innovation and trends

12 Fibre crops for bio-economic industrial development Jan E.G. van Dam

13 Biobased Products and Fibre crops Bio-refinery for green materials, green chemistry and sustainable production Fibre and cellulose projects for CO 2 neutral product development Application research flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, abaca, ramie, cotton, bamboo, straws, Quality supply chain: Agronomy processing end-use Extraction / degumming technology Processing / Modification

14 Cellulose Matrix

15 Cellulose fibre feedstock Raw material choice: virgin, recycled, wood or nonwood fibres Fibre analysis chemical, physical, morphologic Refine to valuable components fibre, dissolving cellulose, lignin, chemicals, glues, energy

16 Cellulose feedstock Primary cellulose Wood and Fibre crops Secondary cellulose (residues) Forestry and agro-food production Tertiary (recycled) cellulose Municipal waste Recycled paper Recycled textiles Building waste

17 Cellulose quality specifications crystalinity (amorphous, crystal type), Polymerisation degree (DP), fibredimensions (length, diameter), purity (a-cellulose, % hemicellulose, lignin, pectins, silica, fats,..), porosity, colour, surface properties (hydrophobicity), mechanical strength properties water absorbency, water retention, etc.

18 Traditional use of fibres Ropes, twine and yarns Textile fabrics, canvas, bags mattings, rugs, Nets, Upholstry Felts

19 Markets and developments Textiles Non-woven Pulp, paper and board Cellulose dissolving pulp Cellulosic films, plastics & derivatives Building materials Cellulosic fibre Composites Lignocellulosic Biorefinery & green chemicals

20 Fibre crops that matter Cotton Flax Hemp Kenaf Jute Sisal Coir Abaca

21 Traditional processing of bast fibre crops Post harvest processing Retting water retting (anaerobic bacteria) field retting (fungi) Drying / baling Green decortication Enzyme retting Chemical degumming Braking / scutching Hackling

22 Morphological properties of fibres Fibre Length (mm) Diameter ( m) Fineness Technical Elementary Elementary (denier) Cotton Flax Hemp Kenaf Jute Ramie > Nettle Abaca Banana Sisal Pineapple N Zeal flax Coir Miscanthus 1.6 Esparto

23 Chemical composition of fibres Cotton Flax Hemp Kenaf Jute Ramie Abaca Sisal Coir Ara Xyl Man Gal Glc Rha UA Lignin Ash

24 Bast fibre bundles

25 Kenaf microscopic image

26 Hemp stem microscopic image primary secondary xylem fibres fibres

27 Flax stem microscopic image xylem primary fibres

28 Bast fibre post-harvest processing

29 Bast fibre quality chain consumer marketing &design weaving agricultural production primary processing spinning

30 Bast fibre crop textiles processing steps

31 Fibre Non-woven processing

32 Composites in automotive applications Non-woven mats combined with plastics Blended fibre mats Laminated sheets LCA advantage weight reduction Source hempflax

33 Fibre reinforced composites Agrofibre compounds for injection moulding Biopolymers Cement composites /light weight construction Fibre boards and panels Injection moulded products from natural- fibre/plastic granules

34 Fibre crop pulping Bast fibre pulp or whole crop pulping Long fibre pulp: high (wet) strength / ultra thin papers / security papers Short fibre pulp: printing & writing papers

35 Production of high yield pulps from green jute Biopulping and biobleaching Extrusion and refiner mechanical pulps Biopulping set-up High yield APMP biopulping Biobleaching

36 Production of high yield pulps from green jute Newsprint quality High yields Low chemical input Low COD and BOD demands Options considered: Extrusion pulping Refiner mechanical pulping RMP, TMP, APMP Combination of both

37 Extrusion pulping Small scale, possible to use long fiber Addition of chemicals possible Reversed Screw Elements Energy consumption 2350 kwh/ton Beating degree 21 SR Low strength properties achieved, breaking length 1.4 km Optical properties were ok, brightness 59%, opacity 94%

38 Refiner mechanical pulping High Yield, high capacity, well proven technology RMP, TMP, APMP (especially hardwoods) Power consumption 1355 kwh/ton, 47 SR Breaking length 3 km, tear index 6.1 Opacity 98%, brightness 45%

39 Fomes lignosus = Rigidoporus microporus White root rot: It is a fungus generally associated with rubber plants. It is spotted when the root area has mycelium threads of yellowish-white

40 Bio-pulping of jute 220 g jute, moisture content 66% 68 g DW fungal mycelium / ton jute Temperature 37 C, working volume 3 L Incubation, optimal days Careful rotating by hand once a day Sterilization 20 minutes at 121 C

41 Pilot scale biopulping experiments (USA)

42 Andritz proposal for jute APMP process (Xu et al)

43 Biorefinery 2nd generation biofuel Lignocellulose processing to fermentable sugar

44 Biorefinery options (IEA task 42)

45 Product Fact Sheets Example block scheme lignocellulose biorefinery

46 Valorisation piramid

47 Thank you for your attention 感谢您的关注 اهتمامكم على لكم شكرا Спасибі за увагу