WOMEN IN SCIENCE Current state of energy sector in Latvia

Transcription

1 WOMEN IN SCIENCE Current state of energy sector in Latvia Dr.habil.sc.ing.Dagnija Blumberga, professor Director of Institute of Energy Systems and Environment 1

2 2 Structure of the Institute Institute of Energy Systems and Environment Department of Energy Systems and Environment Information and Study Centre on Sustainable Development Bioeconomy Centre Laboratories of Scientific Research Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring Laboratory of Energy Efficiency Laboratory of Bio-systems Laboratory of Combustion Processes Laboratory of Solar Systems 2

3 3 Scientific and academic personnel 6 professors 2 associate professors 11 assistant professors 9 lectors Research personal - 45 The average age 36 In total: 55 persons 2 habilitated doctors, 27 doctors (incl. 22 young scientists), 26 Experts of the Latvian Academy of Science, 15 EU experts 3

4 Research topics Zero emission technologies Demand side management, consumers/prosumers Smart energy management Combustion technologies Environmental and energy management Renewable energy Bioeconomy Sustainable development Environmental monitoring Cleaner production Ecodesign Energy efficiency in buildings Bioresources Environmental modelling: system dynamics and LCA 4

5 Scientific cooperation ( ) 5 H2020 project: Leadership: 2 projects Partnership: 2 projects Interreg programme: Partnership: 3 projects Nordic Energy Research programme: Partnership: 2 projects ERA-NET programme: Partnership: 1 project Erasmus and Erasmus+: Partnership: 1 project Norwegian Grants: Partnership: 2 projects Leadership: 5 projects International project portfolio since 2004: 57 projects 5

6 Source: 6

7 Latvian Council of Science (2017) 826 women 1724 experts (PhD) 58 in energy sector 898 men 1% among all experts 18 women in energy sector Not all doctors are included in Latvian Council of Science database 31% women in energy sector 40 men in energy sector 2.3% among all experts 7 Source: Latvian Council of Science

8 Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers, % FEMALE RESEARCHERS IN LATVIA % 1 % Female researchers as a percentage of total researchers in 2014 (UNESCO), % Female experts in energy sector as a percentage of total experts in energy sector in Latvia (Latvian Council of Science, 2017), % Female experts in energy sector as a percentage of all experts in Latvia (Latvian Council of Science, 2017),% Source: Source: Latvian Council of Science 8

9 Doctors of Science 100% Doctor of Science, % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 57% 43% 89% 11% 74% 26% 90% 10% 81% 19% Women in Latvia are underrepresentated in technical sciences Percentage of female, % Percentage of male, % Doctorates of science in Latvia according to the field (2009) Source: Central Statistical Bureau 9

10 SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL IN LATVIA Scientific personnel < >65 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Age Women Men Percentage of female, % Percentage of male, % 0% Percentage, % Scientific personnel (scientists, professionals, project managers) in Latvia according to age and gender (2016) Source: Central Statistical Bureau 10

11 LATVIA GOVERNMENT BUDGET IN 2017 Total budget in 2017: 8327,5 MEUR Source: Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Latvia 11

12 EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 100% 80% MEUR MEUR 2% 3% 20% 22% 27.0 MEUR 24% 48.3 MEUR 60% 40% 45% 28% 44% 20% 33% 48% 0% State funding International funding 35.1 MEUR 32% Enterprise funding Higher education funding Higher education sector Government sector Enterprise sector Figure. Funders by type (state, international, enterprise, higher education) in 2015 and 2016 Figure. Funding by sector (higher education, government, enterprise) in 2016 Source: Central Statistical Bureau zin/zi0030_euro.px/table/tableviewlayout2/?rxid=ce8aac91-f2b0-4f13-a25d-29f57b1468fb 12

13 EXPENDITURE ON R&D BY FUNDING (I) Share of expenditure on R&D by funding, % 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 1% 3% 3% 1% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 3% % 19% 22% 33% 34% 36% 27% 25% 24% 22% 20% % 28% 46% 37% 39% % 29% 32% % 20% 18% 13% 23% 28% 45% % 51% 50% 52% 44% 23% 8% 33% % 50% 43% 46% 46% 50% 47% 45% 48% 40 38% 31% 26% 23% 24% 24% 26% 33% Year Government funding, % International funding, % Enterprise funding, % Higher education funding, % Total expenditure on R&D Total expenditure on R&D, MEUR 13

14 EXPENDITURE ON R&D BY FUNDING (II) Share of expenditure on R&D, % 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Year Basic research Applied research Experimental research Higher education, % Total Total money spent on R&D, MEUR Majority of available funding is spent on basic and applied research. Total funding has decreased between Between 2010 and 2016 ~45% of total funding has been spent on higher education Source: zin/zi0031.px/table/tableviewlayout2/?rxid=ce8aac91-f2b0-4f13-a25d-29f57b1468fb 14

15 EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN 2016 Share of expenditure by type, % 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 8% 12% 39% 53% 68% 20% Higher education sector Government sector Business enterprise sector Basic research, % Applied research, % Experimental development, % Applied research, MEUR 70% 26% 4% Basic research, MEUR Experimental development, MEUR Expenditure by type of research, million EUR In higher education sector most of available funding is spent on basic research (53%), 39% is spent on applied research, but only 8% is spent on experimental development Source: Central Statistical Bureau zin/zi0031.px/table/tableviewlayout2/?rxid=ce8aac91-f2b0-4f13-a25d-29f57b1468fb 15

16 EXPENDITURE ON R&D IN NORTHERN EUROPE 4.00 Expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP, % Denmark Sweden Finland Norway Latvia Iceland Lithuania Estonia figure. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP Source: Year 16

17 Conclusions We have a lot of possibilities to reach women involvement in energy sector 17

18 International journal Environmental and Climate Technologies Open access Journal Indexed in SCOPUS (SNIP 1.316) and Web of Science 2 issues per year Publisher: De Gruyter Submit your paper at ect-journals.rtu.lv 18

19 CONFERENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES CONECT MAY 2018 Riga, Latvia Bioeconomy and low carbon development Biofuels and alternative fuels Energy and carbon markets Energy and environmental modelling Energy efficiency improvement Energy management, policy and economics Green transport systems Heat and power generation, incl. district heating and/or cooling Pollution prevention Renewable energy Resilience Resource efficiency, circular economy and ecodesign Smart energy and zero carbon technologies System approach integration in energy sector Four special Conference issues indexed in SCOPUS and Web of Science since 2014 More info: conect.rtu.lv 19

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21 GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (GERD) figure. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP Source: 21