INSTRUMENTED IMPACT TESTING OF PLASTICS AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS

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2 INSTRUMENTED IMPACT TESTING OF PLASTICS AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics Houston, TX, March 1985 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 936 Sandra L. Kessler, PPG Industries, Inc. G. C. Adams, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Stephen Burke Driscoll, University of Lowell Donald R. Ireland, Ireland and Associates editors ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) # 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Instrumented impact testing of plastics and composite materials. (ASTM special technical publication; 936) "ASTM publication code number (PCN) " Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Plastics Impact testing Congresses. 2. Composite materials Impact testing Congresses. I. Kessler, Sandra L.; Adams, G. C; Driscoll, Stephen Burke; Ireland, Donald R. II. ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics. III. Series. TA455.P5I ' ISBN Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1986 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Primed in Baltimore. MD January 1987

4 Foreword The symposium on Instrumented Impact Testing of Plastics and Composite Materials was held March 1985 in Houston, Texas. ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics was sponsor of the event. The symposium chairman was Sandra L. Kessler, PPG Industries, Inc., who also served as editor of this publication. Also serving as editors were G. C. Adams, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Stephen Burke Driscoll, University of Lowell, and Donald R. Ireland, Ireland and Associates.

5 Related ASTM Publications Quality Assurance of Polymer Materials and Products, STP 846 (1985), Physical Testing of Plastics, STP 736 (1981), Wear Tests for Plastics: Selection and Use, STP 701 (1980),

6 A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers The quality of the papers that appear in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors but also the unheralded, though essential, work of the reviewers. On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their dedication to high professional standards and their sacrifice of time and effort. ASTM Committee on Publications

7 ASTM Editorial Staff Helen P. Mahy Janet R. Schroeder Kathleen A. Greene William T. Benzing

8 Contents Overview METHODOLOGY FOR IMPACT TESTING Instrumented Impact Test Data Interpretation MATTHEW C. CHERESH AND STEVEN McMICHAEL 9 Methodology for Selecting Impact Tests of Composite Materials in Automotive Applications JAMES L. ROCHE AND S. NORM KAKARALA 24 Instrumented Dart Impact Evaluation of Some Automotive Plastics and Composites CHARLES W. KNAKAL AND DONALD R. IRELAND 44 Evaluation of a Variable-Speed Impact Tester for Analysis of Impact Behavior of Plastics and Composites M. R. KAMAL, Q. SAMAK, J. PRO VAN, AND VAGAR AHMAD 58 Digital Filtering of Impact Data PATRICK I. CAIN 81 IMPACT TESTING FOR END-USE APPLICATIONS Impact Measurements on Low-Pressure Thermoplastic Structural Foam RICHARD C. PROGELHOF 105 Testing, Simulation, and Interpretation of Materials Impact Characteristics WARTAN A. JEMIAN, BOR Z. IANG, AND lyh S. CHOU 117 Experimental Comparison of Several Impact Test Methods S. NORM KAKARALA AND JAMES L. ROCHE 144

9 Variable-Rate Impact Testing of Polymeric Materials A Review STEPHEN BURKE DRISCOLL 163 Prediction of End-Use Impact Resistance of Composites JAMES S. PERARO 187 IMPACT CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED MATERIALS Instrumented Impact Testing of Aramid-Reinf orced Composite Materials MARILYN W. WARDLE AND GEORGE E. ZAHR 219 Effects of Test Rate and Temperature on Fracture Behavior of Some Rubber-Modified Polymers SATISH K. GAGGAR 236 Impact Characterization of New Composite Materials LEE W. GAUSE AND LEONARD I. BUCKLEY 248 Flexed-Plate Impact Testing of Polyether Sulphone: Development of a Notched Specimen STAN TURNER AND PETER E. REED 262 PARTIAL IMPACT TESTING AND FATIGUE RESPONSE OF PLASTICS Impact Fatigue of Polymers Using an Instrumented Drop Tower Device GEORGE C. ADAMS 281 Impact Response of Polymeric Materials at Varying Depths of Penetration w. M. LEE, WILLIAM W. PREDEBON, AND MICHAEL L. JUROSEK 302 Assessment of Impact Characteristics for Incipient Crack Formation in Polymeric Materials w. M. LEE AND J. K. RIEKE 324 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS Analysis of Force and Energy Measurements in Impact Testing JOHN M. HODGKINSON AND J. GORDON WILLIAMS 337 Effect of Loading Rate on the Impact Fracture Toughness of Acetal and Polymethyl Methacrylate ROGER D. GOOLSBY AND CHUNLIANG LIN 351

10 INDEXES Author Index 371 Subject Index 373

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