MLT 116L Clinical Microbiology Lab

Transcription

1 Page 1 of 5 MLT 116L Clinical Microbiology Lab Approval Date: Effective Term: Department: MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN Division: Allied Health/Public Safety Units: 1.00 Grading Option: Letter Grade Transferability: CSU Transferable Course is: AA/AS Degree Repeatability: Contact Hours per Term: Lab: 4.00 Associate Degree GE Applicability: No Recommended Class Size: 15 Rationale: Station limitations. Discipline/Minimum Qualifications: Catalog Description: Introduces the various techniques and safety procedures in clinical microbiology. Emphasizes the morphology and identification of common pathogenic organisms. Must have completed BIOSCI 221 to enter the course and must be admitted to the MLT program. Schedule Description: Introduces the student to manual and automated instruments for Microbiology identification and sensitivity. The student will also be introduced to identification methods, theories, and techniques used in basic Mycobacteria, Parasitology, Mycobacteriology,and some Virology testing. Student Learning Outcome: 1. Practice the use of Standard Precautions as they apply in the Microbiology Laboratory according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates. 2. Demonstrate the technical skills necessary for specimen collection and the performance and interpretation of laboratory testing in the identification and sensitivity testing for common classifications of microorganisms. Course Objectives: 1. Practice the use of Standard Precautions as they apply in the Microbiology Laboratory according to occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)mandates. 2. Demonstrate safe use and disposal of biohazardous materials. 3. Identify the parts and functions of the light microscope and model proper use and care of the microscope. Discuss use of scanning electron microscope. 4. Describe the basic principles of specimen collection.

2 Page 2 of 5 5. Use proper techniques for smear preparation and primary media inoculation. 6. Describe the reagents and procedures for the Gram stain and demonstrate proper use. 7. Compare and contrast normal flora vs.. pathogens of selected body sites as they appear on selective media. 8. Demonstrate the technical skills to perform and interpret laboratory testing in the identification and sensitivity testing for common classifications of microorganisms as detailed in the laboratory workbook. 9. Summarize the clinically significant pathogens in body fluids. 10. State the microscopic characteristics of medically important parasites and demonstrate staining techniques used in parasite identification. 11. Summarize the differences between the viruses, Rickettsiae and anaerobic bacteria. Include collection, transport and identification. Course Content Outline: parasites from inside or outside the US: epidemiology, life cycle and clinical manifestations. 1) Entamoeba histolytica 2) Trypanpsoma spp. 3) Plasmodium spp. (Malaria) 4) Cyclospora spp. 5) Fascioloppsis spp. (Flukes) 6) Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm) 7) Blood and tissue roundworms. a) General characteristics of medically important parasites. b) Clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis in men and women. c) Trichrome stained stool preparations. 10. Viruses, Rickettsiae and anaerobic bacteria a) Viral collectiona and transport technique. b) Rickettsiae serology collection and transport. c) Anaerobic collection, transport, and set up techniques. 1. Standard Precautions as they apply in the microbiology laboratory according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration mandates. a. Basic aspects of infection control policies, including how and when to use person protective equipment (PPD) and/or devices (gown, gloves, and goggles). b. Use of PPE when in the laboratory working with hazardous material. c. Safety Programs, including: Evacuation routes, biohazardous material, blood borne pathogens, Standard Precautions, Aerosols, and MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) d. Pre and Post prophylactic measures for handling potentially occupational transmission of pathogens. e. Use of disinfectants to decontaminate the work area when a hazardous spill has occurred or when beginning or ending a laboratory session. f. Steps in basic first aid 2. Use and Disposal of biohazardous materials. a. Segration and disposal of various types of waste products generated in the clinical laboratory including the use of sharps containers for needles, lancets and/or other sharps. b. Proper disposal of biological samples. 3. Parts and functions of the light microscope and proper use and care of the microscope. a. Parts of the light microscope

3 Page 3 of 5 b. Function of each part of the light microscope. c. Introduction to the scanning electron microscope. 4. Prinicples of specimen collection. a. Principles of specimen collection for materials received in the form of aspirates, tissues and swabs. b. Mechanisms for maintaining organism viability relating to storage, transport and the preservation of specimens. c. Patient instruction and preparation prior to specimen collection. d. Aseptic techniques for handling clinical specimens and transferring microorganisms. 5. Smear preparation and primary media inoculation. a. Selection of routine primary media including use of charts. b. Inoculating primary media. 6. Gram stain and its use a. Preparation and staining of bacterial smears. b. Preparing a wet mount. c. Reading the gram stain microspoically and illustration of organisms. 7. Identification of normal flora and pathogens of body sites and their appearance on selective media. a. Normal flora's role in host defense. b. Predominant flora of body sites. c. Appearance of normal flora on various media. d. Appearance of important pathogens on various media. 8. Performance and interpretation of laboratory testing in the identification and sensitivity testing for common classifications of microorganisms. a. Laboratory testing in the identification of the Staphylococcus organism. 1) Catalase Test 2) Coagulase Test 3) Staphyloslide Latex test b. Microscopic characteristics of fastidious gram negative rods (FGNR). 1) Normal habitat and diseases caused by FGNR. 2) Collecting and transporting FGNR. 3) Media and incubation conditions appropriate for FGNR. 4) Test for identification of Haemophilus influenzae. c. Clinical manifestations of Neisseria infections in men and women. 1) Media for the culture and transport of Neisseria spp. 2) Neisseria colony morphology. 3) Tests for identification of Neisseria spp. 4) Gram stain identification of bacterial vaginosis. d. Genital chlamydiosis including comparison of the physical presence of the infection in men versus women and laboratory diagnosis. e. Culturing gram negative rods (GNR) 1) GNR colony morphology. 2) Laboratory testing and identification, interpretation of Enterobacteria. 3) Laboratory testing and identification, interpretation of Psuedomonas 4) Media for the isolation of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections. 5) Laboratory testing and identification,interpretation of bacterial responsible for urinary tract infections (UTI), 6) Epidemiology and risk factors for UTI as related to age (newbo rns to preschool, school age children, males and females under 65 years of age, males and females over 65 years of age, and hospital inpatients.

4 Page 4 of 5 f. Media for the isolation of bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal infections. 1) Laboratory testing and identification, interpretation of Salmonella and Shigella. 2) Laboratory testing and identification, interpretation of Campulobacteria. 3) Laboratory testing and identification, interpretation of bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal infection. g. Media for the isolation of bacteria responsible for eye infections. 1) Laboratory testing and identification, interpretation of bacteria responsible for eye infectiosn. 2) Microbiologic techniques that are peculiar to ocular microbiology. h. Media for the isolation of bacteria responsible for central nervous system (CNS) infections. 1) Laboratory testing and identification, interpretation of bacteria responsible for CNS infections. 2) Physical, chemical and clellular findings within the Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) during bacterial, fungal, tuberculous and viral meningitis infection. i. Media appropriate for the isolation of bacteria responsible for bacteremia. 1) Laboratory testing and identification, interpretation of bacteria responsible for bacteremia. 2) Procedure for blood cultures and timing of collection for maximum recovery of infecting agents. j. Procedures to perform susceptibility testing. 1) Procedures to perform and interpret antibiotic disk (Kirby Bauer) testing. 2) Procedures to perform and interpret B lactamase testing. 3) Automated broth antibiotic dilution testing. 4) E strip antibiotic testing. 5) "Kit tests" representative of advances in microbiology. 9. General characteristics of medically important fungi and parasites. a. Methods for fungal identification. b. Performing and interpreting KOH slide preparations. c. Medically important Methods of Instruction: Lab: Methods of Evaluation: Exams/Tests/Quizzes Problem Solving Skill Demonstrations Lab activity: Practice and demonstration of techniques in the student laboratory designed to demonstrate critical thinking skills and to problem solve as required in the assignments and experimental investigations. Written assignments: Laboratory worksheets to evaluate the student's performance and understanding of the course material. Comprehensive written final exam: Written test and hands on demonstration of proper laboratory techniques requiring the student to demonstrate their ability to summarize, integrate, and critically analyze concepts examined throughout the course. Problem solving: Case studies and analyzing unknown samples will evaluate the student's ability to apply critical thinking skills to a clinical situation. Skills demonstration: Laboratory practical exam demonstrating the student's ability to integrate the knowledge acquired in the course with the technical skills necessary for the MLT profession.

5 Page 5 of 5 Typical Assignments: Reading: Textbook assignments Supplemental reference books Hand outs (Lab procedures) Writing, Problem Solving or Performance: Problem solving for case studies Short essay answers for some exam questions Some calculations Other: Required Materials Examples: Book 1 Author: Forbes, Betty A., Daniel F. Sahm, & Alice S. Wessfeld Title:Bailey & Schott's Diagnostic Microbiology Publication Date: 2007 Publisher: Mosby, Inc. Edition: 12th Course Preparation: Prerequisite(s): None Co Requisite(s): MLT 116 Recommended: None