High-Strength Films Consisted of Oriented Chitosan Nanofibers for Guiding Cell Growth

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1 High-Strength Films Consisted of Oriented Chitosan Nanofibers for Guiding Cell Growth (Supporting Information) Kunkun Zhu, Jiangjiang Duan, Jinhua Guo, Shuangquan Wu, Ang Lu*, Lina Zhang* College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 00, China *Correspondence to: (L. Zhang), (A. Lu)

2 Scheme S1. Graphical illustration for the drawing of the polar plots. The center of the picture is chosen as the specify origin, then the Distance is the relative distance between the cells and the specify origin, and the Angle is the angle between the long axis of the cell and the oriented growth direction. Then plot the polar plot

3 Figure S1. SEM images of the chitosan films prepared in 0 wt% ethanol at 0 o C (a) and their high-magnification SEM image (b)

4 Figure S. SEM images of cross-sectional structures of CS-Es regenerated in different ethanol solution at - o C: 0 wt% (a), 0 wt% (b), 0 wt% (c), 0 wt% (d), 0 wt% (e), scale bar: 1 µm. Pore width distribution of the CS-Es is shown in the inset. Pore width of the CS-Es regenerated in different ethanol solutions (f)

5 Figure S. SEM images of the chitosan films prepared in ethanol with different concentration at - o C: 0 wt% (a), 0 wt% (b), 0 wt% (c). The ethanol solution freezes when the concentration was below 0 wt% at - o C

6 Figure S. SEM images of the cross-section of chitosan hydrogel films prepared in 0 wt% methanol at - o C (a) and its high-magnification SEM image (b)

7 Figure S. SEM images of the cross-section of CS-Na hydrogel (a) and its high-magnification SEM image (b)

8 Figure S. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm (the type I H hysteresis loop is obtained according to the IUPAC and BDDT classification from the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms) of CS-E and CS-Na hydrogel films

9 Figure S. XRD patterns of CS powders, CS-E and CS-Na films

10 Figure S Mechanical properties of the CS-E, CS-Na hydrogels (a) and films (b). Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n=. Statistical significances were determined by Student s t-test: *p <0.0, **p<

11 Figure S. Effects of temperature on mechanical properties of the CS-E hydrogels (a) and films (b)

12 Figure S. Effects of temperature on mechanical properties of the CS-E hydrogels (a) and films (b). Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n=. Statistical significances were determined by one-way analysis of variance: *p <

13 Figure S.The pictures of CS-Na hydrogels (a) and films (b) after folding

14 Figure S1. Cross polarized optical micrograph of the CS-E film before (a) and after (b) drawing

15 Figure S1. Effects of draw ratio on mechanical properties of the CS-E films. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n=. Statistical significances were determined by one-way analysis of variance: *p <

16 Figure S1. The dependence of relative activity of osteoblastic MCT cells on the concentration of CS-E with culture times of 1, and days. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n=1. Statistical significances were determined by Student s t-test: *p<0.0, **p<0.001 versus PBS group

17 Figure S1. SEM images of rat glial tumor (C-) cells spreading on the oriented CS-E films

18 Table S1. Physical and mechanical properties of the chitosan films. samples water content (%) CrI (%) surface area (m /g) mechanical properties* dry films hydrogel films σ b (MPa) ε b (%) E (MPa) σ b (MPa) ε b (%) E (MPa) ref. CS-E ±0..±.1.±. CS-E ±. 1.1±. ± 1.±0.0 0.±. 1.±0. this CS-E-....±. 0.1±. 1± 1.±0.0.±0. 1.±0. work CS-E ±..±. ± 1.±0..±. 1.±0. CS-Na... 0.±..±0. 0± CH (1) Set I () st:cs= () csfilm () CS () chitosan () chitosan () chitosan () CH () neat CS () *The chitosan concentration for the preparing dry films and hydrogels are wt% and wt%, respectively. 1

19 Table S. Physical and mechanical properties of the oriented CS-E films. samples f c tensile properties IP CS σ b (MPa) ε b (%) E (MPa) DR ±..±. ± DR ±1. 1.1±. 1± DR ±. 1.±. 0± DR ±0. 1.±. ±10 DR ±0..±1. 1±

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