Unit 7: Microbiology & the Immune System Learning Target Success Criteria Response How well do I know this? 1=not well, 4=very well

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1 Unit 7: Microbiology & the Immune System Learning Target Success Criteria Response How well do I know this? 1=not well, 4=very well Identify the structural components of bacteria and know their primary functions. What are cilia and flagella? How are they similar? How are they different? What are pili, and for what are they used? Cilia: BACTERIA Flagella: Explain the growth and development of bacteria. What are endospores? How are they beneficial to bacteria? How might they be dangerous to people? Describe what happens during binary fission in bacteria. What is an antiseptic? Give an example. In what types of conditions are bacteria most likely to grow? (temperature, moisture level, etc.) Differentiate between the freezing point of water, boiling point of water, and the human body temp. Write the freezing and boiling points of water in degrees Celsius, as well as the human body temp. Freezing: Body Temp: Boiling:

2 Explore the beneficial uses of bacteria. List at least 3 beneficial uses of bacteria. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes. How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? Give an example of a prokaryotic cell and an example of a eukaryotic cell. Describe the process of bacterial resistance. What are plasmids? Explain how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics. Include the terms mutation, plasmid, and natural selection in your response. Why are bacteria able to evolve much more quickly than humans? Give at least 3 things that humans do which lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

3 Differentiate between Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Explain how to tell Grampositive bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria using the gram stain method from class. What is the main difference in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that causes the difference in the Gram stain appearance? Understand the shape and arrangement of various types of bacteria. Bacteria that tend to be less severe and easier to treat with antibiotics would appear which color in a Gram stain? Does this mean they are Grampositive or negative? Draw the shape of each of the following bacteria types Color: Type: Coccus: Bacillus: Spirillum: Draw the arrangement of each of the following bacteria types Streptococcus: Staphylococcus: Describe how knowledge of bacterial structure and disease can lead to medical breakthroughs. Give at least 2 examples of bacterial diseases. What part of the bacterial cell is targeted by antibiotics?

4 Name and describe the different classifications of archaebacteria. Name and describe the three types of archaebacteria. VIRUSES Compare and contrast prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. How do bacterial cells, human cells, and viruses compare in size? Which is biggest? Smallest? Understand the structure and mechanism of viruses. Describe viral structure, explaining where each of these parts is, what it's made of, and details about it. Capsid: Genetic materials (list both types): Envelope: Why isn't there a domain or kingdom for viruses? Are viruses cells? Why are viruses considered nonliving? What are 3 reasons HIV is especially difficult to treat?

5 Give at least 2 examples of viral diseases besides for AIDS (HIV). Describe potential viral treatments and why they are effective or ineffective at treating the virus. Why don't antibiotics work on viruses? Explain how a vaccine works. Essentially, how does a vaccine prevent you from getting an infection? Understand the significance of retroviruses. Describe retroviruses. Give an example of a retrovirus. Compare and contrast lytic and lysogenic cycles in viral infections. Explain the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles in viral infections. Explain vectors and their role in biology. What does vector mean in biology? Give an example of one.

6 Describe the structure and function of the immune system. What are the 3 main functions of the immune system? IMMUNE SYSTEM & HEALTH What is the function of each of these types of cells? Macrophage: T cells: B cells: Memory cells: Compare and contrast antigens and antibodies. Understand their relationship to one another. What are antigens? What are antibodies? How do antigens and antibodies interact with each other? Draw a picture showing an antigen & an antibody for that antigen. Label the antigen & antibody.

7 Understand the mechanism, treatment, and prevention of infectious disease. Your immune system attacks many foreign cells. What does foreign mean in this context? Describe the types of infectious agents besides bacteria & viruses and give an example of a disease caused by each one. Prion: Fungi: Protist: The body has several lines of defense. List each type in order from 1 st to 3 rd. 1 st : 2 nd : 3 rd : What are at least 4 specific things you can do to avoid getting an infectious disease? Describe the process of experimental design and know how to implement it. Write a research question that could apply to this unit.