Workshop. Nano4PV coordinated with PV Cluster 3 "Third generation PV cells" European PV Projects Meeting

Transcription

1 Workshop NANOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONFOR PHOTOVOLTAICS Nano4PV coordinated with PV Cluster 3 "Third generation PV cells" European PV Projects Meeting Nanophotonics Technology Center (NTC) Universitat Politècnica de València 13 July 14 July 2011 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 'Ioannis Vellidis' (Congress Centre) THESSALONIKI Greece

2 CONTENT Project presentation Consortium Objectives Description of work Progress Main achievements Key results

3 Lima project Improve Photovoltaic efficiency by applying novel effects at the limits of light to matter interaction Grant agreement nº: ICT Organic photonics and other disruptive photonics technologies Period: 01/01/ /12/2012 Project coordinator: Guillermo Sanchez, Nanophotonic Technology Center, UPV.

4 Consortium

5 Objective The LIMAproject exploits new and emerging concepts of light matter interaction to enhance Interdigitated Back Contact solar cell (IBC) efficiencies. These new concepts focus on the modification of optical and electronic properties of materials. The project combines expertise between academic photovoltaic and nanophotonics research groups together with industrialpartners. The goal is a high efficiency cell using novel concepts to enhance baseline cell efficiency by 10%. Scientific objectives Analysis of loss mechanisms of Si-QD layer Design of optimum plasmon layer Interaction between plasmonic and Si-QD layers Modelling tool for the design of Si-QDs Modelling IBC solar cells Technological objectives Develop and implement Si-QD layer Design and fabricate the plasmonic particle layer Develop novel IBC back contact cell for integration of novel layers Integrate novel layers on top of IBC solar cell with compatible processing Final integrated cell with increase in 10 % efficiency improvement with respect to baseline cell

6 Description of work Plasmonic layer Quantum Dot layer IBC solar cell

7 Description of work Plasmonic layer QD + Plasmonics Quantum Dot layer IBC + QD IBC solar cell

8 Description of work Plasmonic layer QD + Plasmonics Quantum Dot layer Final Lima device IBC + QD IBC solar cell

9 Main achievements Plasmonics (IO CSIC, NTC, UNITN) Plasmonic nanoparticle fabrication techniques: EBL, NSL, NSA J.P.Connolly,C.David,P.Rodriguez,A.Griol,P.Welti,L. Bellières, J. Ayucar, J. Hurtado, R. Lopez, G. Sanchez, F. J. García de Abajo. Analysis of plasmonic nanoparticle fabrication techniques for efficient integration in photovoltaic devices. 25th EUPVSEC, Valencia, Spain. Electron beam lithography (EBL), Nanosphere lithography (NSL), Nanoparticle self-aggregation (NSA) Cost effective method Highly compatible with manufacturing A controlled particle size and distribution Range ofparticle size in agreement with theoretical specifications Model development for random plasmonic particle arrays Optimum particle size and distribution calculated by IO-CSIC Transmission results of NSA samples fabricated by NTC (UPVLC)

10 Main achievements Quantum dots (UNITN, FBK, UNSW) Increase of the solar cell efficiency is expected due to down shifting of high energy photons (λ 450 nm) Simulated internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of a laboratory (blue) and a commercial (red) solar cell. AM1:5G solar spectrum (green). Calculated Modified spectrum. Active ( 10 % ef. Downshifting), Passive (SiO 2 /SRO layers without downshifting), Ref (reference cell with SIO2 Ar layer) Si- QD solar cell for down shifting investigation Z. Yuan, G. Pucker, A. Marconi, F. Sgrignuoli, A. Anopchenko, Y. Jestin, L. Ferrario, P. Bellutti, and L. Pavesi, Silicon nanocrystals as a photoluminescence down shifter for solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. Volume 95, Issue 4, April 2011.

11 Main achievements IBC Solar cell (ISC, NTC) VALENCIA NTC ISC KONSTANZ Photolithography based IBC Al-alloyed IBC Boron emitter IBC Doping Diffusion from solid phase Al alloyed Diffusion from Gas (B/P TEOS PECVD) emitter phase (PClO 3, BBr 3 ) Etching Photolitho + RIE Laser Laser Passivation TEOS (PECVD) SiNx SiNx Contacts E-beam evaporation Screen printing Screen printing

12 Main achievements IBC Solar cell (ISC, NTC) Screen printed IBC solar cells with boron emitter and 19.6% efficiencies have been fabricated in LIMA project. pitch Jsc Voc FF eta Cell type (mm) (ma/cm 2 ) (mv) (%) (%) Boron emitter, best cell Illuminated IV-curve and spectral response (IQE) of the best IBC cell with an efficiency of 19.6% (Voc=624mV Jsc=41 4mA/cm2; FF=75 7%) (Voc=624mV, Jsc=41.4mA/cm2; FF=75.7%) Al alloyed emitter IBC cells suffers from shunt and printing (alignment) problems. Promising results on lithography based IBC solar cells although further process development needs to be addressed to incorporate good passivation and AR coating layers.

13 Main achievements Integrated QDs and plasmons Optical response of preliminary integrated samples. AFM scan of an integrated sample Measured transmission and reflection (a.u.) of Si-Qd + plasmonics on quartz substrate. Plasmons enhance QD downshifting Plasmon Average Reference eee Average eage Photolumin nescence (kcounts) PL enhancement: 44% Wavlength (nm) Photoluminescence of a Si-QD sample with and without plasmonic layer

14 Main achievements Industrial feasibility (ISO) Lima device will be Industrially viable when 20 % efficiency at mass production scale is shown. A cost model has been developed including several scenarios Finally the economical viability of the device was obtained considering a cost below 1,42 /Wp at module level 1,48 1,46 1,44 1,42 1,40 1,38 1,36 1,47 BSF Al (17,5%) 2010 COST OF PV MODULE /Wp 1,45 1,43 IBC (18,5,0%) LIMA SCENARIO 1 (20%) 1,40 LIMA SCENARIO 2 (20%) Cost ( /Wp) COST MODEL PER TECHNOLOGY 1,50 1,45 1,40 1,35 1,30 1,25 17,0 17,5 18,0 18,5 19,0 19,5 20,0 20,5 21,0 21,5 22,0 Efficiency (%) Cost ( /Wp) BSF Al Cost ( /Wp) IBC Cost ( /Wp) LIMA device (scenario 2) M. A. Vázquez, J. P. Connolly, O. Cubero, G. Daly, A. Halm, R. Kopecek, V. D. Mihailetchi, E. Pérez, G. Pucker, G. Sánchez. Cost model for Lima device. 1st Silicon PV Conference, April 2011, Freiberg (Germany)

15 Key results IBC solar cell Quantum Dots High efficiency :19.6 % Industry compatible process Model developed (Silvaco) Optimized QD luminescence (PL) Theoretical 10 % increase in efficiency with ihsiqd Si-QDs Plasmon +QD NSA Plasmon + QD system fabricated Random nanoparticle model developed to match chosen plasmonic NSA technique Plasmon & QD layer downshifting demonstrated Efficient i solar cell baseline developed d Integrated device preliminary process flow designed Next stage THE INTEGRATED LIMA SOLAR CELL

16 Thank you very much!! Nanophotonics Technology Center Universitat Politècnica de València