2 nd Term Final. Revision Sheet. Students Name: Grade: 9 A/B. Subject: Biology. Teacher Signature. Page 1 of 12

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1 2 nd Term Final Revision Sheet Students Name: Grade: 9 A/B Subject: Biology Teacher Signature Page 1 of 12

2 Nour Al Maref International School Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Biology Worksheet (2 nd Term) Chapter-7 (Extending Mendelian Genetics), Lesson-3 & 4 Grade- 9 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which conclusion is a result of Thomas Hunt Morgan s research with fruit flies? a. Chromosome assortment during meiosis is not random. b. Linked genes are located on the same chromosome. c. The physical distance between genes can be determined. d. Genes recombine independently during mitosis. 2. Which observation of Morgan s is evidence that crossing over occurs? a. Linked genes are sometimes inherited separately. b. Some dominant traits are always inherited together. c. Inheritance of gene combinations is not random. d. Fruit flies have only two groups of linked traits. 3. Two genes on a given chromosome that are most likely to be inherited together are a. 6.8 map units apart. b. 10 map units apart. c. 2 map units apart. d map units apart. 4. Suppose that the distance between two genes on a linkage map is 7 units. The cross-over frequency between the two genes is a.0.7% b. 7% c. 70% d. 700% 5. Suppose the cross-over percentages for three gene pairs are: A to B 9.5%, B to C 14.5%, and A to C 5%. Which of the following sequences could represent the order of these genes on a chromosome? a. CAB b. ABC c. CBA d. ACB 6. Much of what we know about single-gene traits in humans is the result of studying a.britain s Royal Family. b. polygenic traits. c. genetic disorders. d. hemophilia. Page 2 of 12

3 7. What is the main difference between the carrier of a sex-linked disorder and the carrier of an autosomal disorder? a. Female carriers of an autosomal disorder pass the disorder to all offspring. b. All carriers of autosomal disorders have two dominant alleles for the disorder. c. The carrier of a sex-linked disorder is always female but does not have the disorder. d. Male carriers of a sex-linked disorder always have mothers who had the disorder. 8. A chart that traces the phenotypes and genotypes within a family is called a a. pedigree. b. karyotype. c. Punnett square. d. chromosome map. 9. A genetic disorder is traced within a family. The disorder occurs mostly in males. The gene for this disorder is most likely a. not sex-linked. b. on the X chromosome. c. an autosomal allele. d. carried only by males. 10. Which of the following types of genetic information can be identified easily with a karyotype? a. homologous chromosomes b. dominant traits c. exact locations of genes d. recessive alleles II. Fill In The Blanks 1. Linked genes are on the same. 2. Chromosomes, not genes, assort during meiosis. 3. Homologous genes can be exchanged through during meiosis. 4. A pedigree is a chart that traces phenotypes and in a family. 5. In pedigree analysis, the is used to infer the genotype. 6. Two methods that are used to directly study human chromosomes are and. 7. A karyotype can show any large-scale changes in. Page 3 of 12

4 III. Answer the following 1. What is gene linkage? 2. What is the difference between a wild type and a mutant type? 3. What do linkage maps show about genes on a chromosome? 4. Who can be carriers of autosomal disorders? 5. Why can females, but not males, be carriers of sex-linked genetic disorders? 6. What does a karyotype show about chromosomes? Page 4 of 12

5 Nour Al Maref International School Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Grade- 9 Biology Worksheet (2 nd Term) Chapter-8 (From DNA to Proteins), Lesson-1,2 & 3 IV. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which result of Frederick Griffith s experiments led him to believe in a transforming principle? a. Mice injected with live S bacteria died. b. Mice injected with live R bacteria lived. c. Mice injected with dead S bacteria lived. d. Mice injected with dead S and live R bacteria died. 2. An important factor in Oswald Avery s ability to identify the transforming principle as DNA was the fact that proteins? a. contain very little phosphorus. b. were present in the extract made from S bacteria. c. do not react with enzymes. d.could be observed in the extract made from R bacteria. 3. Chemical analysis of Avery s extracts showed that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was consistent with that of a. enzymes. b. DNA. c. protein. d. bacteria. 4. Hershey and Chase chose to use bacteriophages in their experiments because these viruses a. contain little more than DNA and protein. b. can be seen with a light microscope. c. can infect only bacteria, not humans. d.will not grow in radioactive culture. 5. As a result of the Hershey and Chase experiments, scientists believe that a. radioactive isotopes can be used safely. b. viruses use bacterial DNA to reproduce. c. the transforming principle is DNA. d. bacteriophages can be grown in culture medium 6. The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their a. hydrogen bonds. b. nitrogen-containing bases. c. phosphate groups. d.ring-shaped sugars. 7. After examining the DNA of different organisms, which of the following did Erwin Chargaff conclude about the four bases? a. A T and C G. b. A C = G T. c. A C and G T. d. A T C G. Page 5 of 12

6 8. Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to the base sequence ACCGTAT? a. GTTACGC. b. UCCGTAT. c. TGGCATA. d. CAATGCG. 9. Combining the work of other scientists with their own research, Watson and Crick discovered that two strands of DNA join together to form a(n) a. nucleotide. b. X in a circle. c. double helix. d. covalent bond. 10. What holds base pairs together? a. hydrogen bonds. b. sugar-phosphate backbones. c. pairs of double-ringed nucleotides. d. nitrogen-carbon bonds 11.The process that makes an exact copy of a cell s DNA is called a. conservation. b. preservation. c. replication. d. synthesis. 12. What are the main functions of DNA polymerase? a. breaks hydrogen bonds and exposes bases. b. holds DNA strands apart and attracts bases. c. zips and unzips the double-stranded DNA. d. binds nucleotides and corrects base pair errors. 13. Which of the following events occurs directly after a DNA molecule is unzipped? a. Mismatched nucleotide bases are identified and replaced. b. Free-floating nucleotides pair up with exposed bases. c. Identical double-stranded DNA molecules are formed. d. Enzymes break hydrogen bonds between base pairs. 14. The process of making new DNA molecules is semiconservative. This means that every new DNA molecule is composed of a. two completely identical strands of DNA. b. one original and one new strand of DNA. c. one strand of DNA and one strand of RNA. d. two strands that mix original and new DNA. 15. When new DNA molecules are formed, almost all errors are detected and fixed by a. the correct nucleotide. b. the sugar-phosphate backbone. c. DNA polymerase. d. one DNA strand Page 6 of 12

7 Fill In The Blanks 8. A bacteriophage has two main structures: a DNA molecule and a coat. 9. How many types of nucleotides are present in DNA?. 10. All nucleotides have two parts that are the same: the deoxyribose sugar and. The third part,, is different. 11. The T nucleotide pairs with the nucleotide, and the C nucleotide pairs with the nucleotide. 12. A template is something that serves as a. 13. Suppose that one strand of DNA has the sequence TAGGTAC. Write down the sequence of the complementary DNA strand In order for the DNA strands to separate, the bonds connecting base pairs must be broken. 15. DNA replication is called semiconservative because each molecule consists of one strand and one strand. V. Answer the following 7. What did Franklin s data reveal about the structure of DNA? 8. How did Watson and Crick determine the three-dimensional shape of DNA? 9. How does DNA base pairing result in a molecule that has a uniform width? 10. Where does DNA replication take place in a eukaryotic cell? 11. When is DNA replicated during the cell cycle? Page 7 of 12

8 12. Why does DNA replication need to occur? 13. If one strand of DNA had the sequence TAGGTAC, what would be the sequence of the complementary DNA strand? 14. What roles do proteins play in DNA replication? 15. Why is DNA replication called semiconservative? 16. In the space below, draw a DNA double helix. Label the sugar-phosphate backbone, the nitrogen-containing bases, and the hydrogen bonds. Page 8 of 12

9 Biology Worksheet (2 nd Term) Chapter-8 (From DNA to Proteins), Lesson-4, 5, 6 & 7 Grade- 9 VI. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from a. nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm. b. ribosomes to proteins to DNA. c. genes to nuclei to ribosomes. d. DNA to RNA to proteins. 2. Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following DNA strand: GTAGTCA a. UATUAGA. b. ACGACTG. c. CAUCAGU. d. CATCAGT. 3. The main function of trna is to a. carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins. b. form a portion of ribosomes, a cell s protein factories. c. string together complementary RNA and DNA strands. d. bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes. 4. Which of the following events occurs directly after RNA polymerase recognizes the transcription start site of a gene? a. The polymerase strings amino acids into a polypeptide. b. Free-floating nucleotides pair up with exposed DNA bases. c. A complementary RNA strand detaches itself from the DNA. d. The DNA strand begins to unwind, separating the two strands. 5. A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription a. happens repeatedly throughout a single cell cycle. b. occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. c. is catalyzed by large and complex enzymes. d. proceeds according to careful cellular control 6. What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid? a. base b. codon c. amine d. serine 7. How many amino acids are used to make up the all of the proteins in the human body? a. 16 b. 20 c. 23 d. 46 Page 9 of 12

10 8. A trna that carries the amino acid methionine pairs with which type of codon? a. serine codon b.trna codon c. start codon d. anticodon 9. Which phrase best describes translation? a. converts mrna into a polypeptide b. catalyzes bonds between amino acids c. produces RNA from DNA molecules d. recycles trna molecules for reuse 10. Which of the following is the site of translation? a. vacuole b.lysosome c. nucleus d. ribosome 11. In prokaryotes, gene expression is regulated by controlling a. transcription. b. replication. c. translation d. processing. 12. The bacterial lac operon is switched on when a. the operator binds to the promoter. b. lactose binds to the lac operator. c. the operator binds to the lac genes. d. lactose binds to the lac repressor. 13. In a eukaryotic cell, where does mrna processing take place? a. cytoplasm b. nucleus c. ribosome d. operator 14. What is the term for the nucleotide sequences that are removed during mrna processing? a. operators b. promoters c. exons d. introns 15. What is the main function of a promoter? a. codes for enzymes that break down sugar b. blocks the action of RNA polymerase c. tells RNA polymerase where to start d. keeps eukaryote genes permanently off 16. Generally, mutations that affect a single gene occur during a. transcription. b.replication. c. translation. d. operation. 17. Cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disease caused by the deletion of a nucleotide. What is the term for this type of mutation? a. translocation b.chromosomal c. single-gene d. frame shift 18. Which type of mutation has no effect on phenotype? a. silent b. frameshift c. point d. chromosomal 19. Mutations that can affect the offspring of an organism occur in what cell type? a. body b. germ c. blood d. brain 20. Which of the following is an example of a mutagen? a. repair enzyme b. triglyceride c. UV sunlight d. thymine Page 10 of 12

11 VII. Fill In The Blanks 16. The enzyme that helps a cell to make a strand of RNA is called. 17. brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein. 18. forms part of ribosomes 19. is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein. 20. mrna is a form of the DNA message that tells the cell what type of to make. 21. rrna is a key component of. 22. trna transfers, or carries, from the cytoplasm to the ribosome. 23. Transcription is the process of copying a sequence of to produce a complementary strand of. 24. Translation is the process that converts an mrna message into a. 25. A codon is a sequence of nucleotides that code for an amino acid. 26. A reading frame is the order in which are read. 27. AGG, GCA, and GUU are examples of. 28. A indicates where translation is to stop. 29. The cells in your body differ from each other, because they express different sets of. 30. Transcription factors bind to the DNA and help RNA polymerase know where a gene. 31. A mutation is a change in an organism s. VIII. Complete the tables below 17. In the boxes below is a string of nucleotides: a. Use brackets to indicate the reading frame of the nucleotide sequence. b. Make a point mutation. Circle the mutation. c. Make a frame shift mutation. Use brackets to indicate how the reading frame would be altered by the mutation. a. A T G C G T C C A T G A b. A T G C G T C C A T G A c. A T G C G T C C A T G A Page 11 of 12

12 Check the appropriate boxes to identify whether each of the following end results is true of transcription, true of replication, or true of both transcription and replication. i. makes a double-stranded copy of all the DNA in a cell Transcription Replication Both ii. makes a single-stranded complement of only a particular DNA sequence. iii. occurs only once during each round of the cell cycle iv. occurs repeatedly throughout the cell cycle to make proteins, rrnas, and trnas, as needed by a cell Ribosome assembles at the start codon of mrna strand. A. C. B. When the ribosome encounters a stop codon, it falls apart and the protein is released. Page 12 of 12