UC Davis Bean Breeding Program

Transcription

1 UC Davis Bean Breeding Program: Garbanzos Report to the California Dry Bean Advisory Board Researchers: A. Palkovic (Assistant Specialist), Kay Watt (Graduate student), P. Gepts (Principal Investigator) SUMMARY 1. Release of two varieties: Vega (composite leaf) and Pegasus (simple leaf) These two varieties are now being multiplied (Larry Kubo, Rhodes Stockton) and PVP has been applied for. 2. Selection from crosses made at UC Davis Crosses made in 2014 and 2015 have been advanced in the field at UC Davis. Selection combining higher yield and high seed have been made in the field at UC Davis in These selections will be evaluated in Field evaluation of garbanzo lines from drought prone areas in the world Some 35 garbanzo lines from drought prone areas of the world were evaluated for drought tolerance in greenhouse and field trials at UC Davis. Some of these lines showed outstanding yield in well watered and drought conditions. These same lines will be evaluated again in the field, at UC Davis again but also at Westside REC in Collaboration with the chickpea program at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) This collaboration has resulted in the arrival of a large panel (~200 lines) of garbanzo type lines and a recombinant inbred (RI) population from a cross involving a drought tolerant x drought susceptible line. At UC Davis, these materials will be DNA sequenced and evaluated in the field to study the inheritance of drought tolerance and integrate these materials in the breeding program.

2 UC Davis Bean Breeding Program: Garbanzos Report to the California Dry Bean Advisory Board Researchers: A. Palkovic (Assistant Specialist), K. Watt (Graduate Student), and P. Gepts (Principal Investigator) 1. Release of two new garbanzo varieties (funding from CDBAB): Vega (composite leaf type) and Pegasus (simple leaf type) (Antonia Palkovic and Paul Gepts) The procedure to release two new varieties having been completed within UC Davis, there are now two developments to mention. First, seed increase is ongoing with the assistance of Mr. Larry Kubo of Rhodes Stockton Bean Co op (Tracy, CA). Second, PVP certificates have been applied for to the USDA via Innovation Access at UC Davis. 2. Garbanzo Bean Breeding Update (funding from CDBAB) Antonia Palkovic, Kay Watt, and Paul Gepts. We continue selecting from the progeny of high yielding, large seeded crosses made by Manisha Thapa in 2014 and In the spring of 2017 we planted out 44 composite leaf entries and 3 simple leaf entries that were selected in bulk from the field in spring/summer 2016, or from single seed descent in the greenhouse in the summer/fall of Entries were selected based on large seed size and yield. Entries from bulk F4 seed from the 2016 field planting were planted in 3 replicates for yield testing. Entries from single plant descent (also F 4 seed) from the greenhouse were planted in single plots as seed was a limiting factor (these entries have 0 for a standard deviation value below). Vega, Sutter, and a black coated UC Kabuli line, Black Ghost were used as checks for the complex leaf types; Pegasus and Sierra were checks for the simple leaf types. (Composite Leaf Entries Harvest (g/20 ft plot) Average (g) Deviation harvest deviation (73) Sutter x PI plant (69)1108 x 1101 plant (35) Sutter x 1109 plant (42) Sutter x 1121 plant (72) Sutter x PI plant (44) Sutter x 1121 plant (51) Sutter x Black Ghost plant (3) Sutter x 0901 plant (30) Sutter x 1109 plant (31) Sutter x 1109 plant Sutter x

3 (57) 0905 x 1101 plant (14) Sutter x 1101 plant (45) Sutter x 1121 plant Sutter x (15) Sutter x 1101 plant x Sutter x Sutter x Sutter x PI Sutter x (22) Sutter x 1108 plant (16) Sutter x 11' 4 plant Sutter x Control: Black Ghost Control Vega (49) Sutter x Black Ghost plant Sutter x PI (22) Sutter x 1108 plant Sutter x PI (66) 1108 x 1101 plant (43) Sutter x 1121 plant Sutter x (25) Sutter x 1108 plant (46) Sutter x 1121 plant (29) Sutter x 1109 plant (59) 0905 x 1101 plant 2 complex (32) Sutter x 1109 plant Control: Sutter Sutter x PI x 1101 complex (58) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 complex Sutter x Black Ghost x (41) Sutter x 1121 plant (52) Sutter x PI plant (60) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 complex

4 Simple Leaf Entries Average harvest (g/20 ft plot) Average (g) Deviation harvest Deviation Control: Pegasus (58) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 simple x 1101 simple (60) 0905 x 1101 plant 1 simple Control: Sierra (59) 0905 x 1101 plant 2 simple Numerous complex leaf entries had higher yield than the industry checks, and several had promisingly large seed size. From the entries with high yields and large seed size (above 40g/s), we have selected 23 lines to plant for a small plot replicated yield trial in March Research into heat and drought tolerance (funding from CDBAB, NSF) (Kay Watt, Antonia Palkovic, and Paul Gepts) Work conducted by PhD candidate Kay Watt over the past two years has included 1) a 2016 greenhouse based terminal drought study as well as a Spring 2017 drought field study of 36 varieties chosen from historically arid regions where kabuli type chickpea is traditionally grown, currently available commercial cultivars, and UC Davis varieties (see Fig. 1 and 2). Seed Mass (kg) DWELLEY SIERRA UCD 0905 PI PI PI CDC FRONTIER SUTTER PI Rep 2 Average PI PI AIRWAY 1 UCD 0901 PI PI PI Rep 1 Average PI PI PI Rep 3 Average PI PI PI PI PI WESTBASE 7 UC 27 PI PI PI PI PI PI ICC 4958 PI PI PI Drought Control Figure 1. Garbanzo field trial UC Davis 2017: Comparison between yields under well-watered and drought conditions. Note that UCD0905 = Pegasus and UCD0901 = Vega. For a bar scatter plot representation, see Fig. 2.

5 4 3.5 Drought (kg) PI PI PI ICC 4958 PI PI PI PI PI WESTBASE 7 PI UC 27 PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI PI UCD 0901 PI PI AIRWAY 1 PI PI PI CDC FRONTIER PI UCD DWELLEY SIERRA Control (kg) Figure 2. Scatter diagram of yield comparison under well-watered (control) and drought conditions in field trials at UC Davis. Red: control varieties. Same entries as In the two drought trials, phenotypic data related to general plant drought tolerance was recorded, including days after sowing for life stages (germination, flowering, podding), harvest data (total dry biomass, seed yield, average seed mass), canopy temperature at flowering, carbon isotope ratios derived from leaf tissue at vegetative and reproductive stages, and growth habit. Canopy temperature and carbon isotope ratios are in general reliable indicators that a plant or a variety is stressed; however, these are symptoms rather than causes. Based on this previous research, new phenotypic data relevant to drought tolerance (canopy structure over time, xylem susceptibility to cavitation) will be investigated during the 2018 drought field trials. 4. Contacts with ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area) We established a productive contact with Dr. Michael Baum (Head, Grain Legume Program) and Dr. Aladdin Hamwieh (Chickpea breeder) at ICARDA to establish a collaboration to further study drought tolerance in chickpea. ICARDA provides two types of plant material: 1) a Recombinant Inbred population ILC588 X ILC 3279; and 2) A panel of chickpea (Kabuli

6 garbanzos) lines being tested for drought tolerance. At UC Davis, we will sequence these materials so that correlations can be established between yield traits (including drought tolerance) and DNA sequence variation. In a first stage, we will evaluate the RI population as follows: 4.1. GBS genotyping of the ILC588 X ILC 3279 RI population. Tissue samples will be taken from greenhouse grown plants to extract DNA. DNA samples will be quantified and prepared for GBS via the CviAII restriction enzyme and barcoded, before pooling and dispatching to the UC Davis or UC Berkeley sequencing labs for sequencing. Sequencing reads will be processed to identify SNPs that are polymorphic between the two parents and segregate in the RIL population according to the protocols described by Ariani et al. (2016) in our lab. A molecular linkage map will be developed to subsequently conduct a QTL analysis of the phenotypic data (Objectives 1 and 3) Evaluate the RIL population in the target field environment. The RIL population will be planted in a UC Davis experimental plot in a randomized block design, with border populations. Two treatments will be applied: control with supplemental irrigation, and rainfed. Environmental and physiological data (photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, and humidity) will be collected. Phenotypic data obtained in the field will be subjected to a QTL analysis.