The NDSU Barley Breeding Program Past, Present, and Future. Rich Horsley, Paul Schwarz, Ana Maria Heilman-Morales, and Tom Walk

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2 The NDSU Barley Breeding Program Past, Present, and Future Rich Horsley, Paul Schwarz, Ana Maria Heilman-Morales, and Tom Walk

3 NDSU Barley Breeding Program History Two breeders from Six-rowed breeder ( ) Hybrid barley breeder ( ) Two-rowed barley breeder ( ) Single breeder from present

4 Percent of First Year Yield Trial Lines Tested by Row Type Percent Six-rowed Two-rowed

5 Current Disadvantages of Midwest Tworowed Barley to Six-rowed Barley Weaker straw than six-rowed varieties Many varieties are more susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting than Tradition or Lacey

6 Agronomic Comparisons of Selected Varieties Grown in NDSU Yield Trials ( ) Variety Heading date (d after 5/31) Height (in) Foliar disease (1-9 ) Lodging (1-9 ) Yield (bu/ac) Tradition Lacey Innovation Pinnacle ND Genesis AAC Synergy Explorer = no disease and 9 = severe disease 1 = no lodging and 9 = severe lodging

7 Malt Quality Comparisons of Selected Varieties Grown in NDSU Yield Trials ( ) Variety Protein (%) Extract (%) S/T (%) Wort protein (%) DP ( o ASBC) - amylase (20 o DU) ß- glucan (ppm) Tradition Lacey Innovation Pinnacle ND Genesis AAC Synergy Explorer Data provided by the USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit in Madison, WI.

8 Stirring Number of Selected Varieties Grown in ESBN Yield Trials ( ) Variety Rapid Visco Analyzer (Stirring number ) Tradition 130 Lacey 108 Pinnacle 122 ND Genesis 84 AAC Synergy 60 Explorer 114 LCS Genie 138 KWS Beckie 129 2ND Data provided by Dr. Paul Schwarz, NDSU. Stirring number values < 120 are considered to have damage due to sprouting.

9 Agronomic Comparisons of Candidates for AMBA Plant Scale Evaluation in 2019 Variety Heading date (d after 5/31) Height (in) Lodging (1-9 ) Yield (bu/ac) Moisture (%) DON (ppm) Sta. years ND Genesis ND ND ND = no disease and 9 = severe disease DON data provided by Dr. Paul Schwarz, NDSU

10 Barley Quality Comparisons of Candidates for AMBA Plant Scale Evaluation in 2019 Variety Test weight (lb/bu) Kernel plumpness (%) Protein (%) kernel weight (g) Barley color (ASBC) Sta. years ND Genesis ND ND ND Data provided by Dr. Paul Schwarz, NDSU and the USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit in Madison, WI.

11 Malt Quality Comparisons of Candidates for AMBA Plant Scale Evaluation in 2019 Variety Extract (%) S/T (%) Wort protein (%) DP ( o ASBC) - amylase (20 o DU) ß- glucan (ppm) FAN (ppm) Station years ND Genesis ND ND ND Data provided by the USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit in Madison, WI.

12 Predicting Line Performance for Advancement Decisions

13 Annual Breeding Cycle Send PR, CHN, Pathology Harvest GH Harvest NZ Plant GH Dec Jan Feb Advancements for YT Mar Genomic Selection Results Harvest PR Selections for AZ Harvest XING Block XING Block Harvest AZ Selection- Advancement: NZ PR 1 WK AZ China Malting Disease (foliar, DON) Picking parents for XING block Harvest ND Nov Oct Sep Aug Send NZ, AZ Jul Jun Apr May P L A N T I N G Data Collection ND Harvest GH

14 Phenotype Data Collected by the NDSU Barley Breeding Program Field Traits Barley Quality Malt Quality Diseases Heading date Test weight Extract Net blotch Plant height Kernel plumpness Wort protein Spot blotch Foliar disease score Protein S/T DON Lodging score kernel weight Wort protein Deciduous awns Kernel color Wort color Stem breakage Yield Grain moisture Wort clarity DP Alpha-amylase Beta-glucan FAN

15 Agronomic Comparisons of Candidates for AMBA Plant Scale Evaluation in 2019 Variety Heading date (d after 5/31) Height (in) Lodging (1-9 ) Yield (bu/ac) Moisture (%) DON (ppm) Sta. years ND Genesis ND ND ND = no disease and 9 = severe disease DON data provided by Dr. Paul Schwarz, NDSU

16 How Long Does it Take to Make These Tables? Table 1 of agronomic trait means ( ). How do you make similar tables for all lines in the program that have been tested two or more years? 200 lines * 20 minutes/table = 8.3 working days 200 lines * 4 hours/table = 20 weeks

17 How NDSU Is Addressing These Data Management Needs Department identified bioinformaticists as a priority for the 2013 Legislative process. Hiring bioinformaticists identified as the top priority for the AES in the 2015 SBARE & Legislative process. Two Breeding Pipeline Data Managers hired in summer 2016.

18 Breeding Pipeline Organization QAQC Data migration Technology transference Data Visualizations Automation Scripting language IT Security Server Maintenance Bioinformatics TOM WALK BPD Manager Bioinformaticists Breeding Data Mgmt Data Analytics ANA HEILMAN BPD Manager Plant Breeder Data scientist Bioinform atics Statistics RICHARD HORSLEY Department Head Barley Breeder Standardization Statistics Data Efficiency Compliance

19 Data Management NDSU Breeding Programs Phenotypic data are managed using Agrobase Genotype data are stored on T3 Automating routine processes (queries and calculation of means or BLUPs) using JMP

20 Yield Trial Selection Using Multiple Traits Alphaamylase (20 o DU) Wort ß- glucan (ppm) Count Cluster Ht (cm) Yield (bu/ac) Extract (%) DON (ppm)

21 Genotype Data are Stored on T3 All two-rowed F 4 and F 5 lines are screened with 425 SNPs First generation SNP chip is optimized for: Marker-assisted selection for net blotch and spot blotch Genomic selection for wort ß-glucan

22 Year Generatio n NDSU Breeding Scheme Location Process Number of plants or lines 1 Crossing Greenhouse (fall) Crossing block 150 crosses 1 1 F 1 Greenhouse (winter) F 1 increase 5,000 plants 1 1 F 2 North Dakota (summer) F 2 selection 400,000 plants 1 Number of locations 2 F 3 New Zealand or Puerto Rico F 3 advancement 85,000 plants 2 2 F 4 North Dakota Progeny rows 25,000 lines 1 3 F 5 New Zealand or Arizona Seed increase 5,000 lines 2 3 F 6 North Dakota Preliminary yield trials 1,200 lines 2 4 F 7 North Dakota Intermediate yield trials 160 lines 7 5 F 8 North Dakota Advanced yield trial 40 lines 7 6 F 9 North Dakota Variety yield trial (VYT) 10 lines 7 7 F 10 North Dakota & region VYT and AMBA Pilot Scale 8 lines 14 8 F 11 North Dakota & region VYT and AMBA Pilot Scale 4-8 lines 14 9 F 12 North Dakota & region VYT and AMBA Plant Scale 2 lines F 13 North Dakota & region VYT and AMBA Plant Scale 2 lines 20

23 Phenotypic Selection (farmer traits) 3000 F4:F5 Genotypic Selection (MAS for NB, SB) 1800 Genomic Selection for Wort ß-glucans Data driven decisions using the power of statistical tools Application of Genomic Selection in the Barley Breeding Program at NDSU When scaling, group all elements to be scaled. Scale as needed. Use the Increase Font Size, Decrease Font Size buttons or manually change the font size for the editable text. Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal or quotation.

24 Rows Selected in the Arizona Winter Nursery

25 Rows Discarded in the Arizona Winter Nursery

26 Percent of Lines from the PYT with Wort ß- glucan less than ND Genesis and 50% less than ND Genesis No genomic selection was used in 2015 and Genomic selection was used in 2017 and < ND Genesis 50% < ND Genesis

27 Limitations to MAS and Genomic Selection in Barley Funding to collect genotype data Data handling and processing (bioinformatics) Time for the breeders to interpret the results Not possible for many traits

28 Future Plans Automate process of performing spatial analyses of preliminary yield data across locations. Develop a 2nd generation SNP chip that is optimized for more traits. Work is being done in conjunction with collaborators at JMP

29 Funding Acknowledgments North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station USDA-ARS US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative

30 Questions?