Sharc25: Super high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin-film solar cells approaching 25%

Transcription

1 Horizon 2020 projects: Backing the European PV Industry September 27, 2018, Brussels, Belgium Sharc25: Super high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin-film solar cells approaching 25% Wolfram Witte Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW), Germany

2 W. Witte 1, P. Jackson 1, D. Hariskos 1, F. Kessler 1, M. Powalla 1, S. Buecheler 2, R. Carron 2, E. Avancini 2, B. Bissig 2, T. P. Weiss 2, J. Löckinger 2, S. Siebentritt 3, F. Werner 3, M. H. Wolter 3, P. Pareige 4, S. Duguay 4, E. Cadel 4, C. Castro 4, A. Vilalta-Clemente 4, R. Menozzi 5, G. Sozzi 5, S. Di Napoli 5, E. Bourgeois 6, G. Degutis 6, R. Gehlhaar 6, M. Bär 7,8, R. G. Wilks 7,8, T. Kunze 7, E. Handick 7, J. Bombsch 7, S. Sadewasser 9, N. Nicoara 9, M. Puska 10, M. Malitckaya 10, H.-P. Komsa 10, V. Havu 10, P. Reinhard 11, B. Dimmler 12, R. Wächter 12, and A. N. Tiwari 2 1 ZSW, Stuttgart, Germany 2 Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland 3 University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg 4 Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France 5 University of Parma, Parma, Italy 6 Interuniversity Microelectronics Centrum (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium 7 Renewable Energy, HZB, Berlin, Germany 8 Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), HZB, Berlin, Germany 9 INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal 10 Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto, Finland 11 Flisom AG, Dübendorf, Switzerland 12 NICE Solar Energy GmbH, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany - 2 -

3 Sharc25 Sharc25 facts facts and and objective GA number Call: H2020-LCE Topic: LCE-02 Type of action: RIA Total Costs: 6.15 Mio EU Grant Amount: 4.56 Mio (CIGS) Start Date: End Date: TRL: 3-4 to 4-5 Thin-film PV: Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) Identification of loss mechanisms - 3 -

4 Record efficiency values [%] Goal of Sharc25 project: Push CIGS thin-film solar cell efficiency towards 25% Shockley-Queisser limit + 1% by highly efficient CIGS absorber material + 2% by introducing novel concepts for surfaces and interfaces + 1% by advanced light management High temperature process Low temperature process Sharc % at ZSW 20.4% at Empa 16.8% at ZSW 16.9% at Empa Start of project Project goal towards 25% cell eff. Project goal >20% sub-module eff Year - 4 -

5 Sharc25 consortium Partners: 11 Countries: 8 Coordinator: ZSW 5 R&D partners 4 universities 1 company 1 SME NICE - 5 -

6 Results of the Sharc25 project Bulk properties of CIGS with alkali metal post-deposition treatment (PDT) - 6 -

7 Alkali post-deposition treatment (PDT) of CIGS absorber PDT process under selenium atmosphere before buffer deposition Typically with alkali metal salts like KF (alternatively: RbF or CsF) Na from substrate KF PDT Na - A. Chirila et al., Nat. Mater. 12 (2013) A. Laemmle et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (RRL) 9 (2013) P. Reinhard et al., Chem. Mater. 27 (2015) 5755 Review articles: - P. M. P. Salomé et al., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 143 (2015) 9 - O. Kiowski et al., PV International 29 (2015)

8 Alkali post-deposition treatment (PDT) of CIGS absorber PDT process under selenium atmosphere before buffer deposition Typically with alkali metal salts like KF (alternatively: RbF or CsF) Boost in efficiency h due to increase in open-circuit voltage V OC h V OC 50 cells 50 cells - A. Chirila et al., Nat. Mater. 12 (2013) A. Laemmle et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (RRL) 9 (2013) P. Reinhard et al., Chem. Mater. 27 (2015) 5755 Review articles: - P. M. P. Salomé et al., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 143 (2015) 9 - O. Kiowski et al., PV International 29 (2015)

9 Improvement in CIGS cell efficiency: h = 22.6% CIGS with RbF-PDT with ARC Thin solution-grown CdS (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO:Al P. Jackson et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (RRL) 10 (2016)

10 Record efficiency values [%] Goal of Sharc25 project: Push CIGS thin-film solar cell efficiency towards 25% Shockley-Queisser limit + 1% by highly efficient CIGS absorber material + 2% by introducing novel concepts for surfaces and interfaces + 1% by advanced light management High temperature process Low temperature process Sharc % at ZSW 20.4% at Empa 16.8% at ZSW 16.9% at Empa Start of project 22.0% 22.6% Project goal towards 25% cell eff. Project goal >20% sub-module eff Year

11 Benefit for industrial Sharc25 partners: NICE and Flisom Deposition processes: evaporation, sputtering, and solution growth are feasible in industrial environment Deep insights into highly efficient CIGS solar cells: - advanced characterization methods - density functional modeling and device simulation Full-size CIGS module fabricated at NICE Solar Energy on glass substrate

12 Benefit for industrial Sharc25 partners: NICE and Flisom Deposition processes: evaporation, sputtering, and solution growth are feasible in industrial environment Deep insights into highly efficient CIGS solar cells: - advanced characterization methods - density functional modeling and device simulation Knowledge-driven development and improvement of CIGS absorber and important interfaces Cross-checks of lab-scale processes onto industrially produced material, assessment of new processes and materials transferability to industrial applications Non-successful approaches can be omitted Full-size CIGS module fabricated at NICE Solar Energy on glass substrate Potential for cost reduction due to increased module efficiencies

13 Benefit for industrial Sharc25 partners: NICE and Flisom Example: Post-deposition treatment (PDT) R2R Beneficial effect of alkali PDT worldwide - on cell and module level - for different absorbers: Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 and Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 - for both process routes: co-evaporation (Sharc25) and sequential process Transfer of alkali metal PDT to industrial environment TRL 8-9 Full-size CIGS module fabricated at Flisom on flexible substrate Potential for cost reduction due to increased module efficiencies

14 Summary Post-deposition treatment (PDT) with KF, RbF or CsF enhances h Deep insights by complementary approaches Knowledge-driven development and improvement of CIGS solar cells CIGS thin-film solar cell: 22.6% efficiency with RbF-PDT Benefit for industrial partners Detailed assessment of new process and material developments for potential industrial application Implementation and positive impact of alkali metal PDT process at industrial partners Flisom and NICE Solar Energy demonstrated Potential for cost reduction due to higher module efficiencies

15 Papers published by Sharc25 consortium ( M. H. Wolter et al., IEEE J. Photovolt. 8 (2018) 1320 F. Werner et al., accepted in Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. (2018), DOI: /pip.3032 B. Bissig et al., accepted in Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. (2018), DOI: /pip.3029 R. Carron et al., Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 19 (2018) 396 A. Vilalta-Clemente et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 (2018) J. Löckinger et al., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 174 (2018) 397 T. P. Weiss et al., Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2017) N. Nicoara et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) W. Witte et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. A 214 (2017) T. P. Weiss et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 (2017) M. Malitckaya et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 121 (2017) M. Malitckaya et al., Adv. Electron. Mater. 3 (2017) G. Sozzi et al., Solar Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 165 (2017) 94 M. H. Wolter et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. C 14 (2017) E. Handick et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 3581 E. Avancini et al., Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 25 (2017) P. Jackson et al. Phys. Stat. Sol. (RRL) 10 (2016) 583 G. Sozzi et al., Proc. 43rd IEEE PVSC, Portland, OR, USA, 2016, p G. Sozzi et al., Proc. 43rd IEEE PVSC, Portland, OR, USA, 2016, p E. Handick et al., Proc. 43rd IEEE PVSC, Portland, OR, USA, 2016, p. 0017

16 Sharc25 sponsored workshop CIGS solar cells - advanced characterization and novel concepts Date: October 29, 2018 Aim & Scope: Learn about the advancements made through the Sharc25 project Listen to possible approaches for achieving efficiencies towards 25% Learn about advance characterization methods for industrial benefits Discuss with experts from the consortium and with external speakers Interaction of academia and industry to identify topical research themes Venue: Empa Dübendorf, Switzerland (close to Zurich airport) Costs: free but online registration required until October 12, 2018 Contact: stephan.buecheler@empa.ch More info:

17 Acknowledgement This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No (Sharc25). This work was supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Swiss Government

18 Thank you for your attention Info: Website: Wolfram Witte Public Sharc25 workshop at Empa, Dübendorf (CH) on October 29,