GENOMIC SELECTION. Innovation is shared!

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1 GENOMIC SELECTION Innovation is shared! August2009

2 GENOMIC Gène Genetic markers Perfect knowledge Incomplete knowledge

3 GENE & MARKER Adénine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Marker A B GENE (unknown) C Informative:

4 GENE & MARKER Researchers work Genome= 3 billions of basic pairs For the selected characters (milk, fertility, ) several hundreds of gene operate They don t have the same importance They are split on several chromosomes Chip DNA Illumina: markers Easy to locate on a multitude of cattle Spread on all chromosomes For each character (milk, ) find the more informative Classify into a hierarchy

5 Genomic = The 4th Dimension pedigree + production progeny + Chromosomes (2x30)

6 Not only one, but 4 information sources males females pedigree X X X X X + markers X X X X X production progeny + + X X X X

7 2008: 800 bulls Reference population + proof APPLICATION SAM / SG Principles Predictions equations markers R E S E A R C H + proof Candidat(e) markers pedigree

8 For each animal: 2 steps Analysis on DNA Chip (only one time) Translation of the markers information into proofs. (every month)

9 Abroad Country / Selection Units Owner / Chip used Size of the reference population Cows under milk control in 2006 Beginning of the setting of the MAS 2 ou GS New Zealand LIC Illumina 54K bulls Holstein bulls Jersey 650 cross bred bulls Holstein x Jersey Holstein Jersiaises cross bred cows Holstein x Jersey August 2008 Denmark Viking Netherland CRV France AMELIS/ CREAVIA/ DYNAM IS/ GDO/ GNA/ JURA BETAIL/ MIDATEST/ UMOTEST Illumina 54K CRV-Chip 52K Illumina 54K bulls Holstein bulls Jersey (Nov. 2009) Holstein Jersiaises August bulls Holstein Holstein September bulls Holstein 671 bulls Montbéliard 708 bulls Normand Holstein Montbéliardes Normandes USA and Canada Illumina 54K bulls Holstein Canada Holstein USA Holstein October 2008 January 2009 (First official proof release including a genomic information)

10 MALES: Share of the different sources of information in the genomic proof Progenies Markers Pedigree Number of progenies

11 Genomic proof: How to market the males? SAMPLING More reliable sorting THE PACKS Confirmation with progenies Individual Distribution New New In any case, 4 years later, the daughters will be taking into account in the proof: -Milk Control - Scoring

12 Genomic proof: How to market the males? Spreading Sampling + Blind Packs REGULATION Merger by genetic profiles JB Junior Based on individual proof Published proof NO NO YES Daughters > 40 > 200 (compensate for the mating effect) maxi

13 Genomic proof: How to market the males? Spreading Sampling + Packs JB Junior Blind Merger by genetic profiles Based on individual proofs Published index NO NO YES Daughters > 40 Logistique semences > 200 (compensate for the mating effect) maxi Same as Y-1 Heavier reasonable Number of Bulls Innovation shared Goals Jura-Bétail Reference population + Variability Share the innovation

14 JB Junior: The advantages Younger of 4 to 5 years than their eldest (C and D from one side, U on the other), these young bulls are coming from more modern genetic combination: Skippy jb / Ojoli jb / Micmac Salan jb / Natif jb / Laval

15 JB Junior: The advantages And this youth give them a higher genetic level than their eldest: Average ISU of the 10 first JB Juniors bulls: 145!

16 JB Junior: The advantages For the research of the genetic variability, know the genetic potential at the age of 3 months old (instead of 6 years old after the progeny control) help to work with more efficiency and faster. The selection unit act instead of suffer!

17 JB Junior: the limits Today, all the selected characters are not yet indexed : October 2008 : 15 indexed characters October 2009 : 25 indexed characters 2010 : 100 % of the characters will be indexed 2011 : new characters (like health, )

18 Indexed Characters Different ISU Production Morphology / type Functionals 2007 Milk, P%, F%, Prot, Fat Udder volume Cells Count, Fertility Balance + Milking Speed oct 81% ISU + Development + Fore Udder Attachemnt + Feet & Legs + Chest depth + Chest width Support + Longevity oct + Teats + Birth 97% ISU + Rear udder attachment + Calving + Beef Value + Stillbirth + Stature

19 JB Junior: the limits Even if markers of the second generation are more accurate and more numerous, the accuracy of the indexation is not yet the one we can get after progenies controls (cf scale of accuracy)

20 SCALE OF THE ACCURACY OF THE INDEX Ojoli jb (3 196 daughters) Ufuk jb (75 daughters) Bogoro jb SAM 2 Sampling < A bull without any origin

21 Genomic proof release: continuous improvement By the size of the reference population (650 bulls, 800 bulls, 1300 bulls, ) By the growth of the number of characters indexed (15, 25, ) By taking into account the effect of the new markers Tomorrow, by taking into account directly the genes, The proof are getting more reliable!

22 The top of the pyramid! 15 JB Junior 90 calves bought 300 calves genotyped 800 matings

23 SHGC (1) None of our JB Junior bulls is known carrier of this disorder They have been all tested on their genetic markers A list of the carriers bulls is updated and viewable on the website (1) Syndrôme d Hypoplasie Généralisée Capréoliforme

24 In practice, you should Spread out the use of JB Junior bulls! Average real genetic levels for bull with an ISU of 145 and Rel=0,50 1 bull 2 bulls 3 bulls 4 bulls 5 bulls

25 How to use the JB Junior bulls in your herd? Dynamism 3 using profiles Balance Security