Science: Double Award

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1 Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Surname Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials AQA Level 1/2 Certificate Foundation Tier June 2014 Science: Double Award Biology Paper 1F Tuesday 13 May am to am 8404/B/1F F Question TOTAL Mark For this paper you must have: a ruler. You may use a calculator. Time allowed 1 hour Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the es at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 60. You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Advice In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. (JUN148404B1F01) P76919/Jun14/E4 8404/B/1F

2 2 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED (02)

3 3 Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 (a) Some diseases are caused by bacteria. The sentences are about diseases. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. [3 marks] antitoxins. Medicines used when a person has a headache are called painkillers. vaccines. ciliated cell. The type of cell that produces antibodies to kill bacteria is called a platelet. white blood cell. bigger. Overuse of antibiotics has resulted in more strains of bacteria that are resistant. weaker. Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over s (03)

4 4 1 (b) Bacteria can be grown in school laboratories. Figure 1 shows some apparatus that can be used when growing bacteria. Figure 1 Students doing investigations with bacteria must follow safety procedures. Table 1 lists some safety procedures. Give one reason for each procedure. [4 marks] Table 1 Safety procedure Reason Sterilise the Petri dish before it is used Pass the wire loop, used to transfer the bacteria, through a flame After bacteria have been added, seal the lid of the Petri dish with tape Incubate the bacteria at a maximum temperature of 25 C (04)

5 5 1 (c) Some disorders are inherited. Use the correct answer from the to complete each sentence. [3 marks] dominant extra infected large missing recessive A person with polydactyly has... fingers or toes. Polydactyly is an inherited disorder caused by an allele which is.... Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder caused by an allele which is (d) A rare inherited disorder is caused by a recessive allele, d. A man has one recessive allele for this disorder. His genetic make-up is Dd. Give the reason why the man does not have the disorder. [2 marks] 12 Turn over for the next question Turn over s (05)

6 6 2 (a) Figure 2 shows a bacterial cell. Figure 2 B A D C Table 2 shows the names of some of the structures in a bacterial cell. Complete Table 2 by giving one letter from Figure 2 to identify each structure. [3 marks] Table 2 Name of the structure Letter on Figure 2 Cell wall Cytoplasm Genes 2 (b) Name one part of a plant cell that is not found in a bacterial cell. (06)

7 7 2 (c) Cells can be specialised. 2 (c) (i) Draw one line from each cell to the description of how the cell is specialised. One has been done for you. Specialised cell How the cell is specialised [3 marks] Has less cytoplasm and therefore has room for a large amount of fat Nerve cell (neurone) Has a tail so it can swim Plant cell Has a long fibre to conduct impulses Sperm cell Has cilia to remove pathogens Fat storage cell Has a root hair to absorb water Turn over s (07)

8 8 2 (c) (ii) Suggest how the shape of a root hair helps a plant to absorb water. 2 (d) (i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. Cells use energy to absorb mineral ions from very dilute active transport. solutions by evaporation. photosynthesis. 2 (d) (ii) Complete the sentences about osmosis. [3 marks] Osmosis is the diffusion of.... Osmosis happens across a partially permeable.... Osmosis happens when solutions inside and outside a cell have different (08)

9 9 Turn over for the next question DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Turn over s (09)

10 10 3 (a) There are many different types of living organisms. Scientists classify living organisms to show how closely related they are. What is classification? [2 marks] 3 (b) Figure 3 shows some suggested stages in the evolution of elephants. Figure 3 Miocene Geological time period Pliocene Pleistocene Holocene Primelephas Mammoth Asian elephant African elephant Anancus 24 million years ago 5 million years ago 2 million years ago years ago Today 3 (b) (i) Name the most recent species of elephant to become extinct. (10)

11 11 3 (b) (ii) Name a common ancestor of the Asian elephant and African elephant. 3 (b) (iii) How many species of elephant were alive in the Pleistocene period?... 3 (c) (i) What evidence is there that animals lived millions of years ago? Use your own knowledge. 3 (c) (ii) Give two reasons why a species may become extinct. [2 marks] (d) Charles Darwin suggested that all species of living things evolved from simple organisms. Darwin s theory of evolution was not accepted for a long time. Put ticks (P) in the table next to two sentences that explain why Darwin s theory of evolution was not accepted for a long time. [2 marks] Reason Tick (3) Scientists did not know about genes and chromosomes. There were too many different plants and animals. Scientists wanted more evidence before they would accept the theory. Photographs of the Galapagos Islands were not clear. People could not understand his book. 10 Turn over s (11)

12 12 4 (a) (i) Name the part of an animal cell where aerobic respiration occurs. Draw a ring around the correct answer. cell membrane mitochondrion nucleus 4 (a) (ii) Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration. [2 marks]... þ oxygen!... þ water 4 (a) (iii) Why do all living organisms need to respire? 4 (b) Figure 4 shows a water flea. Water fleas are tiny pond animals. Water fleas are about 2 mm long. Figure 4 A student did an experiment to find out if water fleas change the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water. The student put some water fleas into a large test tube with water. The student connected an electronic oxygen probe through the bung. Oxygen probes measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water. The apparatus was airtight, so no gases could move into or out of the test tube. (12)

13 13 The apparatus is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 Oxygen monitor Airtight bung Oxygen probe Water fleas 4 (b) (i) The student wrote down the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water when the apparatus was set up. After 20 minutes the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water had gone down. Why did the dissolved oxygen concentration go down? Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over s (13)

14 14 4 (b) (ii) The student did the experiment at five different temperatures. The student worked out the percentage (%) drop in dissolved oxygen at each temperature over 20 minutes. Table 3 shows the results. Table 3 Temperature in o C Drop in oxygen concentration in % Complete the graph in Figure 6 to show the results. Draw a line of best fit. The first two points have been plotted for you. [2 marks] Figure Drop in oxygen concentration in % Temperature in C 25 (14)

15 15 4 (b) (iii) The student looked at the graph and decided to repeat the experiment at 15 C. Suggest why. 4 (b) (iv) The student repeated the experiment at 15 C. Table 4 shows the results. Table 4 Concentration of dissolved oxygen at the start in mg per 100 cm Concentration of dissolved oxygen after 20 minutes in mg per 100 cm What is the drop in concentration of dissolved oxygen after 20 minutes? [3 marks]... mg per 100 cm 3 Calculate the percentage drop in concentration of dissolved oxygen.... % 4 (b) (v) Complete the sentence to write a conclusion for this experiment. As the temperature increased, the drop in dissolved oxygen concentration Turn over s (15)

16 16 5 Figure 7 shows an ecosystem next to a lake. Figure 7 Lake Small plants Bushes Trees A scientist noticed there were different species in different parts of this ecosystem. 5 (a) (i) Describe how the scientist could use a transect to find out where different plants were growing in this ecosystem. [5 marks] (16)

17 17 5 (a) (ii) Give three environmental factors, other than temperature, that affect where plants can survive. [3 marks] (a) (iii) Choose one environmental factor from your list in part (a)(ii). Describe how the scientist could find out if the factor you chose varies in the ecosystem and whether it changes the distribution of the plants. [3 marks] 5 (b) The scientist went back to the ecosystem six months later. She saw some different plants that were not there on her first visit. Suggest why different plants will grow in the ecosystem at different times in the same year. Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over s (17)

18 18 5 (c) Most organisms die at temperatures above 80 C. Some bacteria have adapted so they can survive in very hot environments. 5 (c) (i) Give the scientific word that describes organisms which are able to survive in extreme environments. 5 (c) (ii) The bacteria survive because they have enzymes that can work at very high temperatures. Suggest one reason why it may be useful for scientists to find out about the enzymes in these bacteria. 14 END OF QUESTIONS (18)

19 19 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED (19)

20 20 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. Figure 4 photograph of a water flea ª Thinkstock Copyright ª 2014 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (20)