The California Nanosystems Institute

Transcription

1 The California Nanosystems Institute Evelyn L. Hu Acting Director, California NanoSystems Institute University of California at Santa Barbara California NanoSystems Institute

2 A Vision for the Future 50 years ago.. no Silicon Valley 30 years ago. no Biotech Industry 10 years ago. no Internet.who knows what new enterprise will be created? Breakthroughs will occur, and I want to make sure they will occur right here in California Governor Gray Davis

3 California Institutes for Science and Innovation Engaging in scientific discovery that fuels innovation Developing education integrated with cutting-edge research Enhancing the collaboration between universities, industry $100 million from the State, for buildings and equipment 2-to-1 matching required to gain State funds A UCLA-UCSB collaboration, born Dec. 7, 2002

4 Setting the Context: Nanometer Structures and Nanosystems The Natural World: building up from molecules Human hair ~ 50 µm wide DNA ~2 nm wide Red blood cells with white cell 2-5 µm ~ 1 cm 0.1 nm 1 nanometer (nm) 10 nm 100 nm 1 micrometer (µm) 10 µm 100 µm 1 millimeter (mm) The Manufactured World Transistor gate 60 nm MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) Devices µm wide Quantum corral of 48 iron atoms on copper surface positioned one at a time with an STM tip Corral diameter 14 nm Microelectronic Chip few - 10 mm on a side From BES DOE slide, The Scale of Things a convergence of techniques & materials creating complex, multi-functional systems from diverse nanoscale building blocks

5 The emergence of the nanometer as a fundamental length scale of science, engineering & medicine Adapted from the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation on Nanotechnology (

6 A relentless scaling: Nanotechnology as Manifest Destiny First transistor 1948 First integrated circuit 1959 Microprocessor chip Moore s Law: shorthand for rapid, unprecedented Growth of IC Technology

7 Nanosystems: The challenge of complexity Today s transistor Width 1000x smaller than diameter of a human hair Oxide 4 atoms thick Lucent courtesy R.E. Howard If these metal interconnects were made as wide as a road,the wires on a single chip would circle the globe 10 times

8 New information technologies Molecular Electronics Using electron spin AND charge D. Awschalom et al. J. Heath, F. Stoddart Spintronics Using single molecules instead of transistors Blumenthal, Hu et al. Using integrated LIGHT circuits instead of electrons Nanophotonics

9 50 Å New Materials from Nanostructure Building Blocks Chemically Synthesized Size distribution (5-10%) Size control: Å Surface flexibility: capping - surface ligand chemistry - inorganic capping TEM of a CdSe QD AFM of InAs QD MBE-grown Size distribution (10%) Size control: nm diameters QD density ranging from 10 9 to cm -2 1 µm 1 µm CdSe QDs used to differentiate mouse organelles (Alivisatos Group, UCB)

10 Nano-Photonic Integration of Ultra-Fast WDM Optical Communications Systems Nanophotonics Optical Spot Profile Before Transformation Optical Spot Profile After Transformation Indium Phosphide PBG Array 100 nm Low loss fiber to PBG waveguide couplers Nanophotonic Circuit Single photon sources, Thresholdless lasers E. Hu, A. Imamoglu, P. Petroff et. al Daniel J. Blumenthal (PI), John E. Bowers, Nadir Dagli, Evelyn L. Hu and Andrew Teel

11 Control of Magnetic Doping at the Atomic Scale Transmission Electron Microscopy GaAs Atomic Sheets of Mn High Quality Magnetic Hysteresis Magnetization T = 5 K Magnetic Field (G) Toward Independent Tuning of Electronics and Magnetism

12 A new Spin on Information Transfer David Awschalom

13 Illuminated by nanostructure: Gallium Nitride lighting Shuji Nakamura CREE Professor of Solid State Lighting winner of Honda Prize in ecotechnology Digital light projector Low-cost, energy-efficient lighting High Density Storage Bright, complex, multicolor displays UCSB GaN laser

14 Nanoscale tunnel junctions Dan Schmidt Andrew Cleland 0.1 µm geometries possible Operates 10 mk K SIS and NIS configurations Nanoscale thermometry GHz phonon spectrometry Single electron transistors New sensors with exceptional sensitivities

15 Enhanced Manufacturability: blueprints embedded in the components Marine diatom DNA -> RNA -> protein -> everything 4-component code: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C) Biogenic/biomimetic pathways to information technologies?

16 Growing silicon integrated circuits and optical fibers Dan Morse Using Nature s approach to form devices for information technologies Optimize electronic devices through genetic modification? Less costly, more energy efficient, more robust

17 CNSI :at the Forefront of Nanosystems Research Bioelectronic synthesis Nanophotonics Molecular Electronics Gallium Nitride Spintronics Bio-Mems* MicroElectroMechanical Systems

18 Creating New Infrastructure for Nanosystems Research Goals: Provide a broadly enabling, multidisciplinary environment that will encourage the cross-fertilization of ideas Create new laboratory environments to bring together biological and physical sciences and engineering Provide state-of-the-art computational & communications technology to enhance research capabilities & link CNSI labs to researchers worldwide UCSB CNSI Building UCLA CNSI Building

19 Engineering Science Building Chemical Sciences Broida, FEL CNSI Shared Facilities Nanostructure characterization Bionanofabrication laboratory Interactive space Kohn Hall (ITP) Materials Research Lab Engineering I

20 An innovative and interactive environment

21 Creating a Nanosystems Culture Brown Bag seminars CNSI Seminars Science Lite discussions for the community Short courses Workshops Technology Forum on Self-Assembly in Nanomaterials & Devices

22 Creating an Education Infrastructure INSET - Internships in Nanosystems Science,Engineering and Technology 3 year NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Site award Diverse, untapped talent pool Encourage transfer/graduation rate of California community college science and engineering students CNSI Fellows: chosen from 17 applications/11 departments Starting Fall 2002 Chemical Engineering, ECE, Materials, Physics home departments Alliance with Ventura County Discovery Center

23 CNSI: partnerships with industry major investments by HP, Cree Lighting, Sun, DI/Veeco; finalized MOUs Applied Materials, ASML under negotiation Co-hosted 2 workshops with Los Angelos Regional Technology Alliance (LARTA) Venture Forum, held June 2002; attended by 20 VC companies; crafting new kind of interaction

24 A vision for the future Kroemer s..career remind us that transistors, lasers and fiber optics did not come out of Six Sigma or ISO 9000 certification quality control programs. So a wise CEO (or a wise federal government ) will always make room in the budget for the fundamental research that will make possible the quantum, bio and nano discoveries and devices of the future IEEE Spectrum, June 2002