放射性炭素測定によるバイオベースト製品の バイオマス濃度試験報告書

Transcription

1 放射性炭素測定によるバイオベースト製品の バイオマス濃度試験報告書 Biobased Content Test by ASTM D6866 ABCDE 様 No. xxxxx ( 株 ) 地球科学研究所 名古屋市天白区植田本町 Tel 052(802)0703 Fax 052(805)6383

2 ABCDE 様 No.xxxxx ( 株 ) 地球科学研究所 放射性炭素測定によるバイオベースド製品の生物起源炭素含有率試験 Biobased vs Petroleum-based Organic Content Derived from Radiocarbon Analysis 放射性炭素測定によるバイオベースド製品の生物起源炭素含有率試験は放射性炭素年代測定と同じ原理で行われます ただし年代値を報告するのではなく modern reference standard に対する製品の C14 の濃度比を報告いたします 濃度比は pmc(percent modern carbon) という単位で示されます 製品が原生の生物起源炭素と 化石燃料に由来する炭素との混合物質であるなら その炭素の混合比率は C14 濃度 (pmc) に反映されます 放射性炭素年代測定で用いられる modern reference standard は NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) が発行する蓚酸です その C14 濃度にある定数をかけた値を 1950 年の大気中の C14 濃度にほぼ等しいと想定しています 1950 年が選択されたのは それ以降 核実験によって人為的な 14C が大量に放出された結果大気中の C14 濃度が最大で約 2 倍に ( ピークは 1963 年 ) 上昇してしまったからです 考古学者や地質学者にとっては 1950 年が放射性炭素年代の起点 (0 年 ) ということになります その後核実験が中止され 大気中の C14 濃度は徐々に下がり続けています 現在ではその濃度は平均値として pmc です すなわち 例えば原生のトウモロコシの C14 濃度は pmc に近い値をとるはずです 化石燃料に由来する炭素がバイオベースド製品に混合されることによって その C14 濃度は希釈されます バイオベースド起源炭素を pmc 化石燃料に由来する炭素を 0 pmc と仮定しますと その混合比率は製品の 14C 濃度 (pmc) に反映されます たとえば今の大豆を原料につくられた新鮮なバイオベースド起源の炭素に 化石燃料に由来する炭素が 50% 混合されたとしますと その C14 濃度は 54 pmc に近い値をとるはずです このように生物起源炭素含有率は 生物起源炭素混合比 100% を pmc 化石燃料起源炭素比 0% を 0 pmc に割り当てることによって計算されます 例えば測定値 99 pmc の製品の生物起源炭素含有率は 92 % ということになります ( : 100 = 99 : X ) この値を MEAN BIOBASED RESULT と定義します 測定誤差そのものは 0.1%~1% 程度ですが MEAN BIOBASED RESULT はもっとも安全に考えるた場合最大 ±3% の誤差を含みます その理由は C14 濃度の地域的な差 試料の不均一性 古い原材料の使用などによります 株式会社地球科学研究所 Chikyu Kagaku Kenkyusho

3 測定結果一覧表 ABCDE 様 No.xxxxx 試料データ C14 : (pmc) δ13c Mean Biobased Result Beta- xxxxxx )± 0.4 % 試料名 biobased material 試料種 biobased solid ASTM D6866 Method B(86 % 測定方法 Chikyu Kagkagaku Kenkyusho

4 ISO Accredited Testing Laboratory PJLA ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Testing Accreditation # Beta Analytic Inc SW 74 Court Miami, Florida USA Tel: Fax: info@betalabservices.com Summary of Results : Biobased Determination using ASTM-D Submitter: Mr. Sumihisa Matsuyama Date Received December 1, 2009 Company: Chikyu Kagaku Kenkyusho Date Reported December 3, 2009 Laboratory Number Submitter Label Material ASTM-D6866 Method Mean Biobased Result* Beta-xxxxxx BIOBASED SOLID METHOD-B 86% Atmospheric Lab Number 13C/12C pmc+/- 1 rsd conversion Beta-xxxxxx o/oo /- 0.4 pmc * ASTM-D6866 cites precision on The Mean Biobased Result as +/- 3% (absolute). This is the most conservative estimate of error in the measurement of complex biobased containing solids and liquids based on empirical results. Real precision for readily combustible and homogenous materials (e.g. gasoline) and especially samples recieved as CO2 (e.g. flue gas or CEMS exhaust) can be as low as +/ %. The result only applies to the analyzed material. Fluctuations in carbon content within a batch of product, gasoline or flue gas must be determined separately (e.g. averaged measurements of multiple solids or liquids, and single measurement of the combination of gas aliquots collected over time). The accuracy of the result as it applies to the analyzed product, fuel, or flue gas relies upon all the carbon in the analyzed material originating from either recently respired atmospheric carbon dioxide (within the last decade) or fossil carbon (more than 50,000 years old). "Percent biobased" specifically relates % renewable (or fossil) carbon to total carbon, not to total mass or molecular weight. Mean Biobased estimates greater than 100% are assigned a value of 100% for simplification.

5 ISO Accredited Testing Laboratory PJLA ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Testing Accreditation # Beta Analytic Inc SW 74 Court Miami, Florida USA Tel: Fax: info@betalabservices.com Report of Biobased Content Analysis using ASTM-D Submitter: Submitter Label: Laboratory Number: Material Analyzed: Date Received: Date Reported: Chikyu Kagaku Kenkyusho Beta-xxxxxx BIOBASED SOLID December 1, 2009 December 3, % Mean Biobased Result: * Proportions Biobased vs. Fossil Based indicated by 14 C content Fossil Content 14% Biobased Content 86% * ASTM-D6866 cites precision on The Mean Biobased Result as +/- 3% (absolute). This is the most conservative estimate of error in the measurement of complex biobased containing solids and liquids based on empirical results. Real precision for readily combustible and homogenous materials (e.g. gasoline) and especially samples recieved as CO2 (e.g. flue gas or CEMS exhaust) can be as low as +/ %. The result only applies to the analyzed material. Fluctuations in carbon content within a batch of product, gasoline or flue gas must be determined separately (e.g. averaged measurements of multiple solids or liquids, and single measurement of the combination of gas aliquots collected over time). The accuracy of the result as it applies to the analyzed product, fuel, or flue gas relies upon all the carbon in the analyzed material originating from either recently respired atmospheric carbon dioxide (within the last decade) or fossil carbon (more than 50,000 years old). "Percent biobased" specifically relates % renewable (or fossil) carbon to total carbon, not to total mass or molecular weight. Mean Biobased estimates greater than 100% are assigned a value of 100% for simplification.

6 ISO Accredited Testing Laboratory PJLA ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Testing Accreditation # Beta Analytic Inc SW 74 Court Miami, Florida USA Tel: Fax: info@betalabservices.com Explanation of Results Biobased Analysis using ASTM-D The application of ASTM-D6866 to derive a "Biobased content" is built on the same concepts as radiocarbon dating, but without use of the age equations. It is done by deriving a ratio of the amount of radiocarbon (14C) in an unknown sample to that of a modern reference standard. The ratio is reported as a percentage with the units "pmc" (percent modern carbon). If the material being analyzed is a mixture of present day radiocarbon and fossil carbon (containing no radiocarbon), then the pmc value obtained correlates directly to the amount of Biomass material present in the sample. The modern reference standard used in radiocarbon dating is a NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) standard with a known radiocarbon content equivalent approximately to the year AD AD 1950 was chosen since it represented a time prior to thermo-nuclear weapons testing which introduced large amounts of excess radiocarbon into the atmosphere with each explosion (termed "bomb carbon"). This was a logical point in time to use as a reference for archaeologists and geologists. For an archaeologist or geologist using radiocarbon dates, AD 1950 equals "zero years old". It also represents 100 pmc. "Bomb carbon" in the atmosphere reached almost twice normal levels in 1963 at the peak of testing and prior to the treaty halting the testing. Its distribution within the atmosphere has been approximated since its appearance, showing values that are greater than 100 pmc for plants and animals living since AD It's gradually decreased over time with today's value being near pmc. This means that a fresh biomass material such as corn would give a radiocarbon signature near pmc. Combining fossil carbon with present day carbon into a material will result in a dilution of the present day pmc content. By presuming pmc represents present day biomass materials and 0 pmc represents petroleum derivatives, the measured pmc value for that material will reflect the proportions of the two component types. A material derived 100% from present day soybeans would give a radiocarbon signature near pmc. If that material was diluted with 50% petroleum derivatives, it would give a radiocarbon signature near 54 pmc. A biomass content result is derived by assigning 100% equal to pmc and 0% equal to 0 pmc. In this regard, a sample measuring 99 pmc will give an equivalent Biobased content result of 93%. This value is referred to as the MEAN BIOBASED RESULT and assumes all the components within the analyzed material were either present day living or fossil in origin. The results provided in this report involved materials provided without any source information. This situation is highly probable in a real life situation. The MEAN VALUE quoted in this report encompasses an absolute range of 6% (plus and minus 3% on either side of the MEAN BIOBASED RESULT) to account for variations in end-component radiocarbon signatures (a conservative approximation). It is presumed that all materials are present day or fossil in origin and that the desired result is the amount of biobased component "present" in the material, not the amount of biobased material "used" in the manufacturing process. The most conservative interpretation of the reported percentages is as maximum values.