BIOBREED & NUTRIEFFICIENT

Transcription

1 BIOBREED & NUTRIEFFICIENT Søren K. Rasmussen Plant & Soil Science Section Molecular Plant Breeding Workshop on Nordic PPP on Pre-breeding 17th -18th February 2011, Conference Hotel Siikaranta, Finland Place, date, unit, occasion etc. Slide 1

2 BIOBREED Biotechnology assisted wheat breeding for organic agriculture ( ) Resistance against common bunt, as this disease is neglected in conventional breeding Bread baking: organically produced bread meets different challenges than conventional production Extend the AromaWheat collection by including the broad spectrum of 200 old and recent bread wheat varieties analyzed by markers and for superior taste. To develop more diverse and adaptive crops for organic farming, the project will use genetic markers to study the population dynamics within composite cross populations as response to mass selection for resistance and quality of seeds Staff Philipp Steffan (PhD-fellow), Anna Maria Torp, Gunter Backes, Anders Borgen (Agrologica), Søren K. Rasmussen (coordinator) Support: Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri

3 The biotechnologies includes Molecular markers linked to resistance for common bunt DH-mapping population (Cortez x M (Bt9)) seed quality tracking the structure in a population DArT, Diversity Array Technology in wheat Biochemical methods HPLC GC-MS NIR or similar ecotilling / sequencing natural variation in target genes

4 Common bunt Tilletia caries (D.C.) Tul. & C. Tul. (syn. Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) G. Winter); T. laevis J.G. Kühn (syn. T. foetida (Wallr.) Liro). Causes: yield loss and reduced seed quality Resistance genes Bt1-15 detected in European wheat collections Bt10 Chr 6D Menzies 2006 Bt11 markers Cota LC et al 2010 Bt12 markers Anon 2004 QTL Chr. 1B, 7A Fofana et al Chr 1B ( Blizzard ) Wang 2009 Chr 6, 7 in Hordeum Bt9 Cortez x M DHpopulation Stinking smut, gives fish odor: cause by trimethylamin, 0.1% contamination is too much

5 The methods include (a) crossings for the production of composite-cross populations (b) field experiments for the composite-crosses and a population of 200 wheat varieties (c) SSR and AFLP marker-technologies for the analysis of DH lines as well as DArT-markers (d) ecotilling for natural mutations in candidate genes for anthocyanin, starch and phytate synthesis (e) visual disease rating for common bunt resistance (f) NIR-analyses for starch, gluten and protein (g) baking-quality tests for the composite cross (h) HPLC analysis for further bio-compound (i) classical QTL analysis and genetic association mapping (j) explore recently released wheat and barley genomes and synteni of the cereal crop circle (k) DNA sequence comparison and function prediction.

6 NUTRIEFFICIENT Improved agricultural sustainability using molecular strategies to optimise nutrient use effciency in cereals Coordinator Jan K. Schjørring Partners: Søren Husted, Poul Erik Jensen, Søren K. Rasmussen. Sejet Plant Breeding, SDU, China Agriculture University Funded by The Danish Council for Strategic Research The project combines expertise in plant breeding, photosynthesis, analytical chemistry, plant nutrition and modern agronomy

7 Key Scientific objectives To develop a new generation of sensitive and accurate tools for screening of nutritionally related disorders in barley and maize plants based on the bio-active pool of micronutrients rather than total tissue concentrations Link physiological markers for micronutrient status with the genetic map of barley and maize through analysis of major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes

8 Proof-of-concept: Manganse use efficiency Inefficient Efficient Antonia Vanessa Dissecting the highly complex trait of manganese use efficiency into physiological key processes by analyzing the protein composition of chloroplasts Using recombined inbred populations for QTL mapping of the Mn efficiency trait followed by identification of underlying genes

9 Methods and Instrumentation A number of fluorescence spectroscopy methods (FIK, PAM) Comparative proteomics (2-D electrophoresis, MALDIqTOF-MS) Quantitative proteomics (SRM, LA-ICP-MS) Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (Illumina array) Association genetic mapping (9000 SNP in barley in +400 European varities) QTL mapping using SNP data and micronutrient efficiency scores Close mapping and identification of underlying genes (bacterial artificial chromosome clones)

10 Materials Approx. 20 in-house antibodies for PS-proteins 260 recombined inbred barley lines (a cross between the Mninefficient cultivar Antonia and the Mn-efficient cultivar Vanessa) EXBARDIV, European Barley variety collection, landraces 220 recombined inbred maize lines (a cross between two contrasting maize cultivars with respect to root morphology and nitrogen use efficiency) A backcross population consisting of 187 maize lines

11 Laser Ablation ICP-MS Simultaneous quantification of the manganese and boron distribution in leaves of three toxic levels of Copper.

12 Objectives To develop novel molecular markers for nutrient use efficiency in barley and maize, allowing targeted breeding strategies and discovery of the underlying genes To develop new innovative and commercially attractive technologies for rapid high-trough-put diagnosis of plant nutritional disorders important for plant production and plant breeding industry To contribute to future food security and agricultural sustainability by reducing the occurrence of nutritional deficiencies and by improving the use-efficiency of fertilizers

13 Genomic - assisted Analysis and Exploitation of Barley Diversity: EXBARDIV HVCC Hordeum vulgare core collection of 400 EU varieties SJLC Syrian-Jordanian landrace core collection HSC Hordeum spontaneum collection 440 Goal Develop a strategy for associatioin mapping in order to identify new alleles in wild barley and landraces to be explored in breeding of barley.