What is Nano? Nanoscale = billionths (10-9 ) Nano in Therapeutics 10/04/ billion components 8 inch diameter

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1 Nano Robots that can sail through your blood Capture and Kill foreign objects?? What is Nano? SANYAL SCI 102 Nanoscale = billionths (10-9 ) Nano in Therapeutics Drugs: up to ~10 nm Example: Insulin Surgery: down to ~100 µm Example: Ophthalmologic Microsurgery 6 billion people 8000 mile diameter 10 billion components 8 inch diameter Advanced Visual Instruments Inc. 1

2 Cellular Components: Nano Dimension What is NanoTech? Chemistry of Objects at Nanoscale: Macromolecules & What has nanotechnology got to do with Macromolecules? 2

3 Why Nano? Nano Size Effects... BREAKTHROUGHS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF PROPERTIES AT THE NANOSCALE PERMIT NEW SOLUTIONS, NEW APPLICATIONS, NEW CAPABILITIES BASED ON THIS UNDERSTANDING History of Nanoparticles History of Nanoparticles Glazed Windows Red color is due to very small amounts of gold powder (about 40 ppm) Lycurgus Cup 4th Century AD Queensland University of Technology 3

4 Effects of Size of nanocrystals: Source: Mirkin Research Group Effects of Nanoscale Structural differences: Bulk Carbon Nanoscale Carbon Effects of Nanosize: C 60 (Buckeyball) Smalley, Curl, Kroto 1996 Nobel Prize Graphite Diamond Carbon Nanotubes Sumio Iijima

5 Effects of Nanosize: Where was NANO until now? NANO has been around since centuries but We can see it now. Due to advancements in Instrumentation Quantum Corral 48 Fe atoms positioned by the STM used to image them Surface Atoms effect CATALYSIS! NANO is everywhere now No More Wet Pants. Surface Modifications 5

6 No need to be embarrased for smelly feet... Hard to break. Nanotube Reinforced Composites Bouncier Balls. Nano Health Care Jan 2002 Clay nanocomposites LabNow Blood Analyser Tiny channels in a card filter white from red blood cells. When the card is popped into the analysing machine, it can come up with a white-cell count in 10 to 15 minutes. This could be important for HIV/Aids treatment. Business Week Bandages embedded with silver nanoparticles Drug delivery via a patch Thin films on implantations into the human body (for example screws, joints, and stents) allowing devices to last longer Respiration monitors that are many times more sensitive Man-made skin for skin graft applications. National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network 6

7 Samsung Nano SilverSeal Refrigerator Driving Force of This Century? Samsung has rolled out a line of fridges and washing machines that use nanocoatings to prevent nasty bugs from growing. Specks of silver, as small as one nanometer across, are used to coat surfaces. These nanoparticles are so electrically active that they inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and fungs. In its fridge, Samsung used the nanosilver in the deodorizer unit and water dispenser to sanitize the air and water that passes over them. Business Week How does nanosilver kill bacteria? Nanoscale delivery Agents Nano-Therapeutics Functionalization with groups that recognize and kill cancer cells Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science Cyclodextrin based Drug Formulations Hope for multifunctional smart therapeutics 7

8 Biomolecular Immobilization?? Nano-Therapeutics From Brad Orr, U of M Synthesis of dendritic polymers Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science POLYMERS CAN BE SPHERICAL TOO!...Soft NanoBalls Chemical Reactions on patterened surfaces Fabrication of Microstuctures and their Chemical Modifications: Introduction of Microfabrication and Nanofabrication 8

9 About half a Century later. Source: Mirkin Research Group 9