2/27/2010. What is Nano? SCI 102 SANYAL. Nanoscale = billionths (10-9 ) 10 billion components 8 inch diameter. 6 billion people 8000 mile diameter

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1 What is Nano? SANYAL SCI 102 Nanoscale = billionths (10-9 ) 6 billion people 8000 mile diameter 10 billion components 8 inch diameter 1

2 Nano in Therapeutics Drugs: up to ~10 nm Example: Insulin Surgery: down to ~100 µm Example: Ophthalmologic Microsurgery Advanced Visual Instruments Inc. Cellular Components: Nano Dimension 2

3 Chemistry of Objects at Nanoscale: Macromolecules & What has nanotechnology got to do with Macromolecules? 3

4 What is NanoTech? Why Nano? BREAKTHROUGHS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF PROPERTIES AT THE NANOSCALE PERMIT NEW SOLUTIONS, NEW APPLICATIONS, NEW CAPABILITIES BASED ON THIS UNDERSTANDING 4

5 Nano Size Effects... History of Nanoparticles Red color is due to very small amounts of gold powder (about 40 ppm) Lycurgus Cup 4th Century AD 5

6 History of Nanoparticles Glazed Windows Queensland University of Technology 6

7 Effects of Size of nanocrystals: Source: Mirkin Research Group Effects of Nanoscale Structural differences: Bulk Carbon Nanoscale Carbon C 60 (Buckeyball) Smalley, Curl, Kroto 1996 Nobel Prize Graphite Diamond Carbon Nanotubes Sumio Iijima

8 Effects of Nanosize: Where was NANO until now? NANO has been around since centuries but We can see it now. Due to advancements in Instrumentation Quantum Corral 48 Fe atoms positioned by the STM used to image them 8

9 NANO is everywhere now No More Wet Pants. Surface Modifications 9

10 No need to be embarrased for smelly feet... Hard to break. Nanotube Reinforced Composites 10

11 Bouncier Balls. Jan 2002 Clay nanocomposites Nano Health Care LabNow Blood Analyser Tiny channels in a card filter white from red blood cells. When the card is popped into the analysing machine, it can come up with a white-cell count in 10 to 15 minutes. This could be important for HIV/Aids treatment. Business Week Bandages embedded with silver nanoparticles Drug delivery via a patch Thin films on implantations into the human body (for example screws, joints, and stents) allowing devices to last longer Respiration monitors that are many times more sensitive Man-made skin for skin graft applications. National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network 11

12 Samsung Nano SilverSeal Refrigerator Samsung has rolled out a line of fridges and washing machines that use nanocoatings to prevent nasty bugs from growing. Specks of silver, as small as one nanometer across, are used to coat surfaces. These nanoparticles are so electrically active that they inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and fungs. In its fridge, Samsung used the nanosilver in the deodorizer unit and water dispenser to sanitize the air and water that passes over them. Business Week How does nanosilver kill bacteria? Driving Force of This Century? 12

13 Nano-Therapeutics Functionalization with groups that recognize and kill cancer cells Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science Hope for multifunctional smart therapeutics Nano-Therapeutics From Brad Orr, U of M Synthesis of dendritic polymers Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science POLYMERS CAN BE SPHERICAL TOO!...Soft NanoBalls 13

14 Fabrication of Microstuctures and their Chemical Modifications: Introduction of Microfabrication and Nanofabrication

15 About half a Century later. Source: Mirkin Research Group 15