Plant development, seed yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) as affected by time of sowing and genotype

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1 ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER Plant development, yield and oil content winter oil rape (Brassica napus L.) as affected by time sowing and genotype Marijana Spirkovska 1, Zoran Dimov 1, Zlatko Arsov 1, Romina Kabranova 1, Marija Srbinoska 2, Biljana Ristakjovska 1 1 Faculty Agricultural Sciences and Food, Skopje, Macedonia (m.spirkovska@yahoo.com) 2 Scientific Tobacco Institute, Prilep, Macedonia Abstract This paper presents characterization some components yield, yield and rape oil in order to compare 10 winter genotypes with aim to chosen some them with best characteristics for Skopje region in Macedonia. The experiment was conducted during and seasons. Eight winter oil rape hybrids Hybrirock, Triangle, Petrol, Speed, Artoga, Albatros, Rohan and AbaKus, and two varieties Banacanka and Majdan, were tested under three ing s 15 September, 25 September and 5 October. The results showed that all genotypes achieved in the first ing the significant heights, the most number branches on plant and number s, the largest on s, the largest yield and oil content in. Only length pods was unchanged under ing affect and without significant differences between, but in terms genotypes differences, the variety Banacanka, reached the significant longest pods. Duration vegetation was not affected from ing, but between genotypes showed significant differences. Artoga, Albatros, Rohan and AbaKus achieved significant the shortest duration vegetation. The biggest value oil content achieved two hybrids: Artoga and Speedwith 49.9% and 49.8%. Keywords: components yield, yield, oil content, hybrids, varieties Introduction Oil rape or Canola (Brassica napus L.), became one the most important oil plant in the world. In Macedonia attempts to introduces as oil culture which will be replaced sunflower which has been the most important oil plant in the near past. His oil has big quality for human diet and for biuel, and meal it very good for animal feed. Oil and meal are now very acceptable as alternatives to soybeans oil and meal (Amin and Khalil, 2005; Muhammad, et al., 2007). Materials and methods Field studies were conducted in village Gluvo near Skopje in Macedonia during 2010 /2011 and seasons. The meteorological data the experimental locations during rape growing seasons are shown in Table 1. Ten genotypes: eight hybrids Hybrirock, Triangle, Petrol, Speed, Artoga, Albatros, Rohan and AbaKus and two varieties Banacanka and Majdan were used in this study. The trials were set up in a complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental fields were mould-board ploughed on 25 cm depth and bed preparation consisted surface with harrow. Seed were hand planted on three s 15 September, 25 September and 5 October in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Plots were 10m 2 with 10 rows in each and space on 20 cm between. Used ing rate was 7 kg ha -1. Before sowing was perform the basic fertilization with NPK (8:22:20) with rate 500 kg ha -1. After wintering was applying nitrogen fertilizer KAN (27% N) in stage Bolting (first, when Flower cluster was visible at center rosette, and th Croatian & 9 th International Symposium on Agriculture Dubrovnik Croatia

2 Ratarstvo second, when Flower cluster raised above level rosette) with rate 120 kg ha -1. In growth stage Flowering, was used several times insecticide against Meligethesaeneus. Weed control was combined with hand weeding and uses herbicides. All growth stages were followed and were conducted measurements on field (height, number branches) and in laboratory (length pods, number s,, yield and oil content in ). Data were subjected to analysis variance (ANOVA) for each year using SAS and SPSS stware. Results and discussion Plant development. All genotypes enter in growing stages timely in both years although they lasting different numbers days (Table 2). This situation can explained with different meteorological conditions during investigated two growing season (Table 1). Plant height. The highest achieved hybrid Petrol in first ing cm in first growing year, the shortest variety Majdan cm in third ing in first growing year. Table 1. Meteorological Skopje region, during oil rape growing season Month/ IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI VII Mean temperature ( 0 C) 2010/ / Total precipitation (mm) 2010/ / Table 2. Duration stages development Growth stages Seedling (Cotyledons showing) Leaf rosette Bud (Bolting) Winter Flowering stand I II III Ripening I II III Table 3. Average duration vegetation per genotypes Genotype (А) (В) Hybrirock Triangle Petrol Speed Artoga Albatros Rohan AbaKus Banaćanka Majdan xb I II III xa 281.2* 281.2* 281.2* 281.2* * LSD (A) = 3.83 LSD (B) = hrvatski i 9. međunarodni simpozij agronoma Dubrovnik Hrvatska 421

3 Table 4. Genotypes mean for yield components and yield Genotype Hybrirock Triangle Petrol Speed Artoga Albatros Rohan AbaKus Banacanka Majdan branches Pods length s Seed yield I * II III I II III I II III I * II III I * II III I II III I * II III I II * III I * II III I II III I II * III I * II III I * II III I II * III I * II III I II III I II III I II * III I II III I II III th Croatian & 9 th International Symposium on Agriculture Dubrovnik Croatia

4 Ratarstvo Table 5. Mean values two years research yield components, yield and oil content Genotype Hybrirock Triangle Petrol Speed Artoga Albatros Rohan AbaKus Banacanka Majdan branches Pods length s Seed yield Oil content (%) I II III I II III I II III I * II III I * II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III Table 6. Average results for yield and oil content Date ing brunches on plant Length pods s s Yield Oil content in (%) I 108.4* 5.2* * 4.3* * 46.84* II 95.9* 3.6* * III LSD (0,05) branches. Hybrid Rohan showed the best results 9.2 branches in first ing and first growing year, and variety Majdan the worst 1.07 branches in the third ing and first growing year. Pods length. This characterization showed no significant differences between ing s, but genotypes showed. Variety Banacanka achieved 9.00 cm long pod in second ing, and shortest pods has variety Majdan with 6.41 cm in third ing in first growing year. s. Hybrid Albatros reached s in second ing in first growing year, and variety Majdan s has the lowest results in third ing in first growing year. 49. hrvatski i 9. međunarodni simpozij agronoma Dubrovnik Hrvatska 423

5 . Hybrids Albatros and Triangle reached 4.73 g and 4.72 g s in first ing, but in second growing year. The smaller from 3.38 g has variety Banacanka in third ing second growing year. Seed yield. Hybrid Hybrirock reached the best results from 4032 kg ha -1 in first ing and first growing year. Variety Majdan has the smallest results for yield from kg ha -1 in third ing in first growing year. Oil content. The average results for oil content in showed that hybrid Artoga reached the best results from 49.9% oil in, and the lower content from 37.3% reached hybrid Triangle in third ing. Conclusions From the obtain results can conclude that first ing is good for ing oil rape in Skopje region. From investigated genotypes Hybrirock reached the best results for yield average 3233,5kg/ha, and hybrid Artoga reached the best results for oil content with average 49,9% oil in. References Amin R. and Khalil S.K. (2005). Effect pre- and post emergence herbicides and row spacingon canola, Sarhad J. Agric., 21: Muhammad N., Cheema M.A., Wahid M.A., Ahmad N. and ZamanM. (2007). Effect source and method nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and quality canola (Brassica napus L.), Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 44(1): SpirkovskaMarijana (2012). Influence sowing s on yield and yield components oil rape (Brassica napus L.). Master thesis. Skopje. Macedonia th Croatian & 9 th International Symposium on Agriculture Dubrovnik Croatia