SAFER ALTERNATIVES TO COPPER ANTIFOULING PAINTS FOR PLEASURE CRAFT

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1 SAFER ALTERNATIVES TO COPPER ANTIFOULING PAINTS FOR PLEASURE CRAFT October 23, 2008 Katy Wolf, Ph.D. Institute for Research and Technical Assistance

2 INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION ESTABLISHED IN 1989 IDENTIFIES, DEVELOPS, TESTS AND DEMONSTRATES SAFER ALTERNATIVES HEAVY FOCUS ON SOLVENT ALTERNATIVES CLEANING PAINT STRIPPING DRY CLEANING LUBRICANTS THINNERS ADHESIVES COATINGS

3 BACKGROUND TRIBUTYL TIN (TBT) ANTIFOULING PAINTS USED FOR MANY YEARS PROTECT BOAT HULLS FROM FOULING TBT BANNED INTERNATIONALLY BAD EFFECTS ON MARINE LIFE INDUSTRY ADOPTED COPPER ANTIFOULING PAINTS USED EXTENSIVELY TODAY

4 BACKGROUND CONT D PORT OF SAN DIEGO AND IRTA PARTNERED ON PROPOSAL TO EPA PPG PROGRAM IDENTIFY, TEST, DEMONSTRATE SAFER ALTERNATIVES TO COPPER ANTIFOULING PAINTS REGULATION ADOPTED UNDER CWA ALTERNATIVES PROJECT UNDERWAY FOR TEN MONTHS

5 COPPER ANTIFOULING PAINTS (AFPs( AFPs) COPPER PAINTS USED WIDELY IN U.S. TO PROTECT BOAT HULLS FROM FOULING DPR HAS 170 AFP PRODUCTS REGISTERED 90 PERCENT USE COPPER BIOCIDDES COPPER OXIDE, COPPER HYDROXIDE, COPPER THIOCYANATE COPPER POSES PROBLEM FOR MARINE LIFE COPPER LOADING FOUND TO BE HIGH IN SIYB SOURCE IS COPPER AFPs PASSIVE LEACHING IN-WATER HULL CLEANING POWER CLEANING, ABRASIVE CLEANING

6 TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL) HIGH LEVELS OF DISSOLVED COPPER FOUND IN SHELTER ISLAND YACHT BASIN (SIYB) IN SAN DIEGO BAY REGULATORY PROGRAM UNDER CWA SECTION 303(D) WATER BODY ASSESSMENT DEFINE TOTAL LOAD AND SET LOAD ALLOCATIONS DEVELOP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN IDENTIFY TIMELINE FOR COMPLIANCE

7 TMDL CONT D SIYB COPPER TMDL ADOPTED HIGH LEVELS OF DISSOLVED COPPER LOADING FROM LEACHING LOADING FROM CLEANING SIYB TMDL CHARACTERISTICS 17 YEAR PHASED COMPLIANCE PERIOD 76 PERCENT LOAD REDUCTION BY 2022 THREE OUT OF FOUR BOATS MUST SWITCH TO ALTERNATIVES

8 TMDL CONT D DPR SAMPLED AT ADDITIONAL MARINAS AND FOUND HIGH COPPER CONCENTRATIONS EPA GRANT IMPORTANT FOR ADDRESSING TMDL REDUCTIONS AND PROVIDING GUIDANCE FOR OTHER MARINAS

9 AIM PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFY, TEST, DEMONSTRATE, ANALYZE ALTERNATIVE PAINTS TIME FRAME PROJECT INITIATED JANUARY 2008 TWO-YEAR WORK PLAN WILL NEED A FOLLOW-ON PROJECT GOALS ENCOURAGE TRANSITION AWAY FROM COPPER PAINTS PROVIDE LIST OF VIABLE ALTERNATIVES EXAMINE IN-WATER HULL CLEANING METHODS ASSIST IN ADDRESSING THE TMDL HELP OTHER PARTS OF CALIFORNIA, U.S. AND OTHER COUNTRIES

10 EPA GRANT COMPONENTS ESTABLISH STAKEHOLDER WORKGROUP IDENTIFY NEW AND EMERGING ALTERNATIVE PAINTS DEVELOP PROTOCOLS FOR TESTING PAINTS ON PANELS AND BOATS INCLUDES FOCUS ON CLEANING CONDUCT FIELD TESTING ANALYZE RESULTS COST ANALYSIS ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WRITE REPORTS LIST OF PAINTS DEVELOP OUTREACH MATERIALS

11 PROJECT WORKGROUP WIDE REPRESENTATION MARINAS BOAT YARDS PAINT MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS HULL CLEANERS (DIVERS) GOVERNMENT AGENCIES DTSC DPR REGIONAL BOARDS ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS HELD FOUR WORKGROUP MEETINGS OBTAINED INPUT ON APPROACH AND TESTING

12 PROTOCOL FOR PANEL TESTING PANELS HAD TO BE TESTED OVER SUMMER HIGH FOULING REQUESTED COATINGS FROM SUPPLIERS DEVELOPED PROTOCOL PANEL / FRAME PREPARATION CATEGORIZED TEST COATINGS PAINT APPLICATION METHODS SITE TESTING LOCATIONS CLEANING REGIME FOULING INSPECTION REGIME

13 REGULATORY AGENCY COORDINATION AIR DISTRICT REGULATIONS ALLOW USE OF HIGH VOC COATINGS IN SMALL AMOUNTS DPR PERMIT OBTAINED RESEARCH AUTHORIZATION (RA) PERMIT IN SACRAMENTO SUBMITTED NOTICE OF INTENT AND COPY OF RA PERMIT TO COUNTY AGRICULTURAL COMMISSIONER

14 TEST COATING CATEGORIES 46 ALTERNATIVE COATINGS 18 ZINC COATINGS 4 NON-ZINC ORGANIC BIOCIDE COATINGS 24 NON-BIOCIDE COATINGS

15 REFERENCE COATINGS IDENTIFIED ROUTINELY USED COATINGS TO USE AS QC STANDARDS SELECTED COMMONLY USED HIGH AND LOW COPPER CONTENT COATINGS AF-33 (33% CU) SUPER KL (51-75% CU)

16 QA / QC NEGATIVE CONTROLS 4 BLANK PANELS WITH NO GEL OR TEST COATING TO CHARACTERIZE FOULING COMMUNITY IN SIYB 3 SETS OF BLANK PANELS WITH GEL COAT ONLY TO ISOLATE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLEANING METHODS CLEANING CONTROLS 1 NO-CLEAN PANEL FOR EACH TEST COATING EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF EACH PAINT WHEN NOT CLEANED

17 PANEL PREPARATION SIZE USED 12X12 FIBERGLASS PANELS FOR 1 PAINT / CLEANING OPTION SURFACE PREPARATION FOLLOWED PREPARATION PROCESS FOR NEW BOATS DRILLED 1/2 INCH HOLES TO FACILITATE ATTACHMENT TO PVC FRAME GEL COAT BASE APPLIED TO ALL PANELS SANDED AND CLEANED PRIOR TO APPLYING TEST COATINGS

18 APPLICATION OF PAINTS APPLIED AT FOUR BOATYARDS PER INSTRUCTIONS FROM COATING SUPPLIERS APPLICATION METHODS PRIMERS, THINNERS, NUMBER OF COATS, ETC. MOST COATING SUPPLIERS WERE PRESENT AND SOME APPLIED THEIR OWN COATINGS COATINGS WERE APPLIED TO BOTH SIDES OF THE PANELS

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20 FIELD TESTING OF COATINGS FOR EACH PVC FRAME EACH PAINT APPLIED TO 3 PANELS 1 COATING OR 3 PANELS / FRAME ALL PANELS WERE IN WATER BY JUNE 3RD

21 CLEANING PROTOCOL CONSISTENT CLEANING REGIME PER PAINT ONE NO CLEAN PANEL ONE PANEL CLEANED TO SUPPLIER RECOMMENDATIONS (METHOD AND FREQUENCY) ONE PANEL CLEANED WITH CARPET EVERY THREE WEEKS (STANDARD CLEANING METHOD)

22 ASSESSMENT MEASURES FOULING ASSESSMENT EVALUATE PERCENT COVER AND CATEGORIES OF FOULING (I.e. ALGAL SLIME, TUBEWORM, BRYOZOAN, ALGAE, ETC.) ASTM D A STANDARD METHOD PHOTOGRAPHS CLEANING ASSESSMENT LEVEL OF CLEANING EFFORT PRE- AND POST-CLEANING FOULING ASSESSMENT POST-CLEANING COATING CONDITION ASSESSMENT

23 Rating FOULING ASSESSMENT RATING Fouling Performance No to low levels of fouling growth; FR is ; incipient fouling may be present; if macrofouling forms present, are few in number or spread out across panel; paint surface still visible beneath fouling Low levels of fouling; FR is 70-90; macrofoulers present; painted surface may be obscured by fouling Medium levels of fouling; FR is 50-70; primary foulers may be densely grouped and may include large individuals; secondary fouling may be present Medium to high levels of fouling; FR is 30-50; macrofoulers include mature forms that may be densely grouped; secondary fouling attached (i.e. barnacles on barnacles or tunicates attached to barnacle) but still able to distinguish primary and secondary fouling High levels of fouling; FR is <30; macrofoulers densely grouped and may completely cover panel surface; secondary fouling present; may be hard to distinguish primary from secondary fouling; paint surface no longer visible beneath fouling

24 CLEANING ASSESSMENT RATING Cleaning Assessment Rating 1 2 Cleaning Effort Light effort: very easy to remove growth with one wipe Light to medium effort: still easy to remove growth but may require two or more passes in some areas to remove growth 3 Firm effort: firm scrubbing and continuous passes required to remove fouling growth 4 Hard effort: With very hard physical effort, growth presented a challenge to remove but could be removed using specified cleaning mechanism. 5 Using specified cleaning mechanism and hard effort, growth was unable to be removed.

25 Rating POST-CLEANING COATING CONDITION Coating Condition 1 New, slick finish, still shiny if appropriate to type of coating 2 Shine is gone or surface is lightly etched on all of coating, no physical failure detected 3 Physical failure detected in coating less than 20% of panel 4 Some defects. Physical failure detected in coating on 20%-50% of panel 5 Physical failure detected on over 50% of panel

26 DATA ANALYSIS IDENTIFY COATINGS THAT ARE EFFECTIVE IN REPELLING OR PREVENTING GROWTH RELATIVELY EASY TO CLEAN TEST COATINGS MOVING ON TO THE NEXT PHASE COATINGS THAT MEET EITHER OF THE ABOVE CRITERIA COATINGS THAT PROVE TO BE EFFECTIVE RELATIVE TO REFERENCE COATINGS (PERFORM SAME AS OR BETTER THAN)

27 PROJECT STATUS HAVE COMPLETED PANEL TESTING CURRENTLY ANALYZING RESULTS, DATA RESULTS WILL BE PRESENTED AT WORKGROUP MEETING IN DECEMBER HAVE STARTED DEVELOPING PROTOCOL FOR BOAT TESTING INPUT FROM VARIOUS GROUPS PLAN TO BEGIN BOAT TESTS IN MARCH 2009

28 QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS FOR TEST PANELS NEARLY ALL ZINC AND ORGANIC BIOCIDE CONTAINING COATINGS HAVE LOW FOULING EASY TO CLEAN SOME ZINC/ORGANIC BIOCIDE COATINGS START TO FAIL WITH THREE WEEK CLEANING REGIME CONTROVERSY OVER FREQUENT OR INFREQUENT CLEANING AND AGGRESSIVE CLEANING METHODS COATINGS CONTAINING ZINC OXIDE (ADJUVANT) BEHAVE LIKE BIOCIDE COATINGS ZINC OXIDE NOT CONSIDERED ACTIVE INGREDIENT

29 OBSERVATIONS CONT D SOME NON-BIOCIDE COATINGS HAVE LOW FOULING ALSO EASY TO CLEAN CATEGORIES OF NON-BIOCIDE COATINGS SOME HAVE SOFT FOULING SOME HAVE HARD FOULING MANY NON-BIOCIDE COATING SUPPLIER CLEANING METHODS NOT AGGRESSIVE ENOUGH WILL HAVE MORE DETAILED RESULTS IN DECEMBER

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42 ISSUES FOR ALTERNATIVE COATINGS PREDOMINANT ALTERNATIVES AVAILABLE ARE ZINC COATINGS LOWER ZINC ACTIVE INGREDIENT CONTENT HIGHER ALLOWED THRESHOLD QUESTION ABOUT ZINC OXIDE ORGANIC BIOCIDE COATINGS ECONEA LITTLE KNOWN ABOUT IT ARE WE TRADING ONE PROBLEM FOR ANOTHER? NEED BETTER INFORMATION ON APPROPRIATE CLEANING METHODS

43 CONCLUSIONS ALTERNATIVES TO COPPER ANTIFOULING COATINGS NEEDED SIYB, CALIFORNIA, U.S., OTHER COUNTRIES RANGE OF NEW, EMERGING ALTERNATIVE COATINGS AVAILABLE SOME NON-BIOCIDE COATINGS APPEAR TO PERFORM WELL

44 PROJECT CONTACT INFORMATION Katy Wolf, Ph.D. Institute for Research and Technical Assistance (IRTA) 230 N. Maryland Ave., Suite 103, Glendale, CA Phone: (818) Cell: (818) Fax: (818) Karen Holman or Stephanie Bauer Port of San Diego, Environmental Services Department 3165 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA Phone: (619)