Handbook of. Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives. 3rd Edition. George Wypych. <e> ChemTec Publishing

Transcription

1 Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives 3rd Edition George Wypych <e> ChemTec Publishing Toronto 2014

2 "Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical developments 1.2 Expectations from commercial additives 1.3 Definitions 1.4 Classification i i Generic Types 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Characteristic properties of commercial additives Antiblocking agents Mold release agents Slip agents Standard Methods of Control 3.1 Adhesives 3.2 Floor coverings 3.3 Footwear and walkway surfaces 3.4 Geosynthetics 3.5 Leather and coated fabrics 3.6 Lubricants 3.7 Medical 3.8 Paints and Coatings 3.9 Paper 3.10 Plastics and rubber 3.11 Roads and pavement 3.12 Sport equipment 3.13 Textiles 4 Transportation and Storage 4.1 Transportation Storage Mechanisms of Action 5.1 Antiblocking agents 5.2 Slip agents 5.3 Release agents Compatibility and Performance 71 75

3 ii 7 Diffusion and Migration Diffusion Distribution of additive in bulk and on surface How mobility affects additive selection? Additive transfer to material in contact Additive loss Interaction with Other Components of Formulation Fillers Other components of formulation Synergy between surface additives Other properties Processing and Additive Performance Effect on Product Properties Mechanical properties Mar and abrasion Shrinkage and warpage Blocking force Adhesion to mold and demolding Coefficient of friction Residues on molds Residues on molded parts Optical properties Rheological properties Electrical properties Structure and orientation Thermal aging UV radiation Effect on other properties Use in Specific Polymers ABS Acrylics BromobutyI rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose, acetate, butyrate and propionate Cellulose nitrate Chlorinated polyvinylchloride Chlorosulfonated polyethylene Copolymers Cyanoacrylates Ethyl cellulose 145

4 iii Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM Ethylene-propylene rubber. EPR Epoxy resin Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA Ionomers Nitrile rubber Polyamide Polybutadiene Polycarbonate Polyester Polyetherimide Polyethylene Polyimide Polylactide Polymethylmethacrylate Polyoxymethylene Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) Polyphenylene ether Polypropylene Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(phenylene sulfide) Polyvinylacetate Polyvinylalcohol Polyvinylbutyral Polyvinylchloride Polyurethanes Proteins Rubber, natural Silicone Styrene-butadiene rubber Styrene-butadiene-styrene Starch Use in Industrial Products Adhesives and sealants Aerospace Agriculture Automotive applications Bottles Ceramic materials Composites Coated fabrics Cosmetics Dental materials Electronics Fibers Film

5 iv Food Foams Gaskets Inks, varnishes, and lacquers Medical devices Membranes Paints and coatings Pharmaceutical products Photographic materials Pipes Road construction Roofing materials Synthetic paper Tires Toys Wire & cable Various Processing Methods Blow molding Calendering Coextrusion Compression molding Compounding (mixing) Dip coating Dryblending Extrusion Extrusion blow molding Injection molding Lithography Printing Reaction injection molding Rotational molding Rubber processing Slip casting Thermoforming Transfer molding Specialized Analytical Methods Identification Determination ofconcentration Determination of volatility and molecular motion Study of materials containing additives Mathematical Modelling

6 v 16 Health, Safety and Environmental Issues Antiblocking agents Release agents Slip agents Regulations and Data Toxic substance control Carcinogenic effect Workplace exposure limits Food regulatory acts Personal Protection Clothing Gloves Eye protection Respiratory protection Index