A mobile segment of DNA that travels from one location on a chromosome to another, one element of genetic change

Transcription

1 1 Page 1 Normal N 5' T G GG GG GG TT 3' Met ys Leu Pro Leu Pro ys Stop Mutated 5' T G G GG G GGG T 3' Met Leu Ser Ser Ser Pro Leu Phe What type of mutation is shown? 2 substitution deletion insertion translocation Normal N 5' T G GG GG GG TT 3' Met ys Leu Pro Leu Pro ys Stop Mutated 5' T G G GG G GGG T 3' Met Leu Ser Ser Ser Pro Leu Phe What effect has the mutation had on the codon sequence? 3 mobile segment of N that travels from one location on a chromosome to another, one element of genetic change transposon N methylation The synthesis of polypeptides from the genetic information coded in mrn 5 transposition trinucleotide repeat inversion frameshift transposon N methylation The synthesis of RN from a N template transposon N methylation

2 6 Which of the following is an example of a missense mutation? 7 Which is an example of a nonsense mutation? 8 conservative mostly conservative semiconservative nonconservative Which of the following exists as N surrounded by a protein coat? 10 a chemical change occurs in just one base pair and has no effect on the final protein part of the gene breaks off & travels to a distant location on the chromosome a substitution occurs that changes a regular amino acid codon into a stop codon a substitution occurs that changes a regular amino acid codon into a start codon & creating 2 unfinished proteins t the end of N replication, each of the daughter molecules has one old strand from the parent N and one strand that is newly synthesized. Therefore, N replication is described as 9 a nucleotide is replaced with an incorrect nucleotide that destroys the function of the final protein a nucleotide pair substitution occurs thus coding for a possible incorrect amino acid, but continues a frameshift mutation occurs producing a nonfunctional protein a nucleotide pair is added into a gene destroying the reading frame of the genetic message a retrovirus a virus a eukaryote a prokaryote Why is the gene activity rate of E. coli so much higher than the other cell types? Prokaryotes have noncoding sequences called introns Prokaryotes have alternative splicing to follow Eukaryotes have noncoding N sequences called introns Eukaryotes have repressible operons to control gene activity Page 2

3 11 Which of the following is an example of a nonsense mutation? 12 Each N strand has a backbone that consists of alternating 13 double-ringed purines single-ringed purines double-ringed pyrimidines single-ringed pyrimidines The significance of Griffith's experiment using 2 strains of pneumonia-causing bacteria is that it demonstrated 15 purines and pyrimidines nitrogen-containing bases hydrogen bonds sugar and phosphate molecules denine and guanine are 1 a nucleotide is replaced with an incorrect nucleotide that stops & prematurely ends protein production a nucleotide pair substitution occurs thus coding for a possible incorrect amino acid, but continues a frameshift mutation occurs producing a nonfunctional protein a nucleotide pair is added into a gene destroying the reading frame of the genetic message the conserving nature of N replication was demonstrated harmless cells had become permanently transformed into pathogens through a change in the hereditary material pure N extracted from disease-causing bacteria and injected into harmless strains transformed them into pathogenic strains radioactively labeled bacteriophages transfer their N, but not their protein coats to their host bacteria hargaff's requirement that =T and =G suggested that cytosine pair up with guanine & thymine pair up with adenine the 2 strands in N run in opposite directions the number of adenine in N relative to the number of guanine differs from one species to the next the replication process must necessarily be semiconservative Page 3

4 What process is happening at location 2? 17 2 refers to 18 intron exon gene mrn Type of bond that links the parts of together 19 splicing of introns replication hydrogen disulfide peptide ionic Transcription occurs on the surface of a ribosome is the final process in assembly of protein N template occurs during the synthesis of RN by use of a N template is catalyzed by N polymerase Page

5 20 carries the actual instructions for a protein's sequence to the ribosome. 21 carries amino acids to ribosomes, where amino acids are linked into the primary structure of a polypeptide 22 deoxyribose, uracil uracil, ribose deoxyribose, thymine thymine, ribose If each kind of single nucleotide were able to code for only one kind of amino acid, how many different amino acids could be selected? 26 RN polymerase N polymerase Phenylketonuria trn and are found in RN but not in N 25 transfers genetic instructions from cell nucleus to cytoplasm specifies the amino acid sequence of a particular protein carries an amino acid at one end contains codons catalyzes the process of. 2 mrn trn an intron rrn trn differs from other types of RN because it 23 N mrn rrn trn 20 6 The genetic code is composed of codons 3 = 6 3 = 81 Page 5

6 27 The cause of sickle-cell anemia has been traced to 28 In Hershey and hase experiment 29 TTG UUG UU TT In which of the following ways does RN differ from N? 31 radioactive phosphorus was used to indicate N was genetic material radioactive phosphorus was used to indicate proteins were genetic material radioactive sulfur was used to indicate N was genetic material radioactive sulfur was used to indicate proteins were genetic material uring replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with N sequence TTG? 30 a mosquito-transmitted virus 2 N mutations resulting in 2 amino acid changes 3 N mutations result in a nonsense mutation 1 N mutation resulting in one incorrect amino acid RN contains uracil and deoxyribose RN contains ribose and thymine RN contains uracil and ribose RN contains adenine and ribose section of N contains 22% thymine. How much guanine would be expected in the same strand? 22% 28% % 56% Page 6

7 nswer Key : Question: nswer Page 7