Bio Review. C. oxygen D. nitrogen Which of these statements is best illustrated by this diagram?

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1 Name: ate: 1. Which molecule supplies the energy for cellular functions?. TP. oxygen. N. water 6. Which of the following was made possible by the presence of photosynthetic bacteria on Earth?. a water cycle. an oxygen cycle. carbon fixation. anaerobic respiration 2. Which of the following gases do plants use in photosynthesis?. hydrogen. oxygen. carbon dioxide. carbon monoxide Which gas is forming in the test tube shown above?. carbon dioxide. hydrogen. oxygen. nitrogen Which of these statements is best illustrated by this diagram? 4. Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy?. sugar. water. salt. oxygen. nimals under water eat plants.. Land animals exhale oxygen into water.. Water-dwelling animals breathe carbon dioxide.. Plants can take in carbon dioxide from air or water. 5. Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight?. glucose. carbon dioxide. chlorophyll. adenosine triphosphate page 1

2 8. sprig of an Elodea plant was placed in a test tube as shown below. The test tube was then placed in sunlight for 6 hours. 11. There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?. ifferent enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm.. Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions.. n enzyme binds to a specific substrate (reactant) for the reaction catalyzed.. Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes. The bubbles of gas in the diagram are composed mainly of. carbon monoxide. carbon dioxide. nitrogen. oxygen 12. Proteins are large macromolecules composed of thousands of subunits. The structure of the protein depends on the sequence of. lipids.. monosaccharides.. amino acids.. nucleosides. 9. ll living things contain which element?. helium. sodium. copper. carbon 13. Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates?. storage of energy. transmission of genetic material. acceleration of chemical reactions. transport of molecules across membranes 10. What characteristic of carbon () makes it essential to living organisms?. arbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.. arbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.. arbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.. arbon exists in radioactive forms. 14. Which of the following best describes the composition of a nucleotide?. a pair of six-carbon rings attached to each other. a carbon atom joined to hydrogen and three functional groups. a chain of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group bonded to one end. a five-carbon sugar attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base page 2

3 15. Individuals who lack lactase are unable to break down the sugar lactose. Which term best describes lactase?. enzyme. fatty acid. lipid. starch 20. What molecules do both N and RN contain?. uracil. thymine. nucleotides. deoxyribose 16. n iodine solution is placed on the cut side of a potato. Within seconds, a blue-black color appears. What is most likely occurring? 21. Which of the following best describes how N and RN are similar?. a positive test for proteins. a positive test for starches. a negative test for proteins. a negative test for starches. They both contain the nitrogen bases thymine and adenine.. They both are formed in a double-helix structure.. They both are composed of five different nucleotides.. They both contain the nitrogen bases cytosine and guanine. 17. RN and N are which type of organic compound?. carbohydrate. lipid. nucleic acid. protein Which of the following is the template for the production of RN within a cell?. N. TP. protein. carbohydrate 19. Which sequence of N bases would pair with the ones shown in the partial strand below?.. strand of mrn containing the repeating sequence GGGG could code for which of the following amino acid sequences?... lys arg glu lys. ser ser glu glu. lys arg lys arg. lys lys lys lys page 3

4 23. 5 TGGTGG 3 The above sequence of N is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment? chromosome is best described as a. gene that has more than one form.. green cell found in many plants.. strand of N containing genetic information.. reproductive cell found in certain kinds of bacteria. 24. One human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a gene from G to GU. This disease is the result of. a mutation.. a meiosis error.. crossing-over.. polyploidy. 25. base sequence is shown below. GTG 28. Which statement about N is correct?. child s N will be unrelated to the mother s or father s N.. child s N will show similarities to both the mother s and father s N.. female child s N will exactly match the mother s N.. male child s N will exactly match the father s N. How would the base sequence be coded on mrn?. TGTG. GUGU. UGUG. UGU 29. light is a plant disease caused by a fungus that affects potato plants. Some wild breeds of potato have natural resistance to the fungus. These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to taste bad. Scientists are trying to produce potato plants that are resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good. 26. The development of a blight-resistant potato breed might be good for the environment because the new potato breed will need.. less water. less fertilizer. less fungicide. less field space What is the relationship between the three structures in the diagram above?. N is produced by protein which is produced in the cell.. Protein is composed of N which is produced in the cell.. N controls the production of protein in the cell.. cell is composed only of N and protein. 30. Which statement about N is correct?. child s N will be unrelated to the mother s or father s N.. child s N will show similarities to both the mother s and father s N.. female child s N will exactly match the mother s N.. male child s N will exactly match the father s N. page 4

5 31. N contains the code for constructing which molecules?. proteins. fats. starches. sugars 34. N from four organisms was examined using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the diagram below. 32. Genetic information usually flows in one specific direction. Which of the following best represents this flow?. N Protein RN. Protein RN N. RN Protein N. N RN Protein ccording to the data, which of these pairs of organisms are most closely related?. 1 and 2. 2 and 3. 2 and 4. 3 and Which of these is an environmental factor that causes damage to chromosomes?. acid rain. lead paint 33. Look at the illustration below.. methane gas. ultraviolet light 36. researcher recently discovered a species of bacteria. N sequences were obtained from it and from several other species of bacteria. The N sequences came from the same part of the bacterial chromosome of each species. This illustration is a model of. RN. N. a lipid. a protein ccording to the data above, the unknown bacteria are most closely related to which species?. Species I. Species II. Species III. Species IV page 5

6 37. Which of the following is correctly matched with its function? 40. The diagram below represents N fingerprints which are the result of gel electrophoresis done on several N samples found at a crime scene.. rrn contains codes to make new ribosomes. N carries the amino acids to the ribosomes. trn combines with proteins to make up ribosomes. mrn carries genetic codes from nucleus to the ribosomes 38. Which of these represents the structure of messenger RN?.. Which suspect is linked to the crime scene by this N analysis?.. Suspect. Suspect. Suspect. Suspect. 39. In genetics research, what is the purpose of a test cross?. to determine the phenotypes of the parents. to determine the genotypes of the parents. to determine whether or not two parents could produce viable offspring. to determine how many offspring can be produced by two parents 41. olor blindness is a sex-linked trait that is carried on the X chromosome. If a boy is born color-blind, what would have to be true?. His father had normal vision.. His grandmother was color-blind.. His mother carried at least one gene for color blindness.. His grandfather passed on the color-blind trait to his father. page 6

7 42. If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (b) which statement is true? 46. The diagram below represents a cell. The letters in the diagram represent alleles for two different genetic traits.. Jessica inherited both genes from her father.. Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.. Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parent.. Jessica inherited one dominant form of the gene from each parent. ccording to Mendel s law of independent assortment, which of the following shows all of the allele combinations expected in gametes produced by this cell? 43. The diagram below represents a cross between two pea plants.... In pea plants, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for oval seeds (r). In a cross between the two plants above, what percentage of the offspring will have round seeds?.. 100%. 75%. 50%. 25% 44. healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of this individual?. two dominant normal alleles. one recessive lethal allele and one dominant lethal allele. one recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele. one dominant lethal allele and one recessive normal allele 47. scientist crossed a tall pea plant with a short pea plant. ll of the four hundred offspring produced were tall pea plants. Which of these explains these results?. The allele for tall pea plants is dominant.. The offspring are homozygous dominant.. The allele for short pea plants is dominant.. The offspring inherited a new mutation. 45. John and Mary have three daughters. What are the chances that their fourth child will be a boy?. 1 out of 8 (12.5%). 1 out of 4 (25%) 48. Which of these is an example of a heterozygous genotype?. Rr. RR. wrinkled. round. 1 out of 2 (50%). 3 out of 4 (75%) page 7

8 49. Some flowers depend on animals to carry their pollen to other flowers. Some of these flowers use the smell of rotting meat to attract the animals. Which type of animal is most likely attracted by the smell of rotting meat?. bat. fly. frog. moose 54. Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?. muscle cells. sperm cells. skin cells. blood cells 50. Several matings between the same male black guinea pig and female brown guinea pig produce a total of 12 brown and 14 black guinea pigs. If black is dominant and brown is recessive, what are the genotypes of the parents?. bb. b bb. b. b b 55. Which of the following animals goes through metamorphosis?. alligator. frog. lizard. turtle 51. Huntington s disease is a dominant trait. What are the chances that a child will develop Huntington s disease if one parent is heterozygous and the other is normal?. 0 out of 4. 1 out of 4. 2 out of 4. 3 out of The diagram below shows a sea star in various stages of regeneration. 52. Which set of parents can most likely produce a child with type O blood?. one parent with type blood, and the other parent with type blood. one parent with type blood, and the other parent with type O blood. one parent with heterozygous type blood, and the other parent with type O blood What cellular process is directly responsible for this regeneration?. meiosis. mitosis. transpiration. respiration. one parent with homozygous type blood, and the other parent with homozygous type blood 53. Jack bought a small turtle. Three months later, the turtle had grown to twice its original size. Which of the following statements best describes why Jack s turtle got bigger?. Parts of the turtle stretched out as it grew larger.. The number of cells in the turtle s body increased. 57. n organism has 24 chromosomes in most of its cells. How many chromosomes are in the organism s egg cells? The turtle s body absorbed the food it ate and water it drank.. The size of each cell in the turtle s body got bigger as it got older. page 8

9 58. The picture below shows a maple seed. 59. Which statement best describes the importance of sexual reproduction?. Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical.. Sexual reproduction produces variation among offspring.. Sexual reproduction provides for the regeneration of body parts in some species.. Sexual reproduction occurs between individuals of the same species. How will this type of seed most likely be spread?. by the Sun. by birds. by insects. by the wind 60. efore a cell goes through either mitosis or meiosis, which process must be carried out by the N in the nucleus?. replication. nondisjunction. transcription. translation page 9

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