Biology Final Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Biology Final Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible? a. the ultraviolet light b. the particle accelerator c. the centrifuge d. the microscope 4. An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction a. requires more time b. produces identical offspring c. takes less time d. provides genetic diversity 2. Picture of a permeable membrane Based on the picture of a permeable membrane, side A is to side B. a. Hypotonic b. Hypertonic c. Isotonic d. A and B Based on the picture of a permeable membrane, if only water was moving through the membrane, what would the process be called? a. osmotic pressure b. osmosis c. active transport d. facilitative diffusion Picture of cells 1

2 Based on the picture of cells, which letter represents a vacuole? a. D b. E c. F d. O 6. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? a. diffusion b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. osmosis 7. Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix? a. Franklin b. Griffith c. Hershey and Chase d. Watson and Crick 8. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a. deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase b. adenine + phosphate group + thymine c. cytosine + phosphate group + guanine d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine 9. Figure 1 Use Figure 1 to answer the question. Given that structure A is the nucleus, what is B? a. mrna b. Codon c. Ribosome d. trna 10. In eukaryotes a. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus. b. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. c. Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus. d. Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm. 2

3 11. Given the following DNA strand, which of the following is its complementary mrna? G G A C T G A T T a. C C T G A C T A A b. G G A C T G A T T c. C C U G A C U A A d. T T A G T C A G G 16. Okazaki fragments occur on the and are bonded together by a. lagging strand, ligase b. leading strand, polymerase c. mrna, anticodons d. trna, polymerase 12. Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms? a. protein to DNA to RNA b. DNA to RNA to protein c. RNA to protein to DNA d. RNA to DNA to protein 17. Diagram of ATP 13. Human males have a. two Y chromosomes. b. one X and one Y chromosome. c. one X chromosome only. d. two X chromosomes. 14. Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female? a. XX b. XXXY c. XXY d. XY 15. Which of the following diseases and conditions does not appear until late in a person s life? a. colorblindness b. huntington disease c. cystic fibrosis d. sickle cell disease Based on the diagram of ATP, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule? a. C and D b. B and C c. A and C d. A and B 18. What happens during photosynthesis? a. Autotrophs consume carbohydrates. b. Autotrophs produce carbohydrates. c. Heterotrophs produce ATP. d. Heterotrophs consume ATP

4 Diagram of a chloroplast. d. carbohydrates Based on a chloroplast, which represents the stroma? a. A b. B and C c. B d. C 20. Plants gather energy with light-absorbing molecules called a. glucose. b. thylakoids. c. chloroplasts. d. pigments. 21. When microorganisms in milk produce acid under certain conditions, yogurt results. Which of these processes would you expect to be key in the production of yogurt? a. alcoholic fermentation b. lactic acid fermentation c. the Krebs cycle d. photosynthesis 22. A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called a. an element. b. a catalyst. c. a lipid. d. a molecule. 23. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information? a. proteins b. nucleic acids c. lipids 24. Diagram of the brain Based on the diagram of the brain, which represents the frontal lobe? a. 2 b. 1 c. 4 d Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? a. veins b. lymph nodes c. capillaries d. arteries 26. Which of these are the main working cells of the specific immune response? a. self and nonself cells b. antigens and antibodies c. histamines and interferons d. B cells and T cells 27. Which type of white blood cell defends the body by engulfing pathogens? a. basophil b. B cell c. T cell 4

5 d. phagocyte 28. What is the human embryo called after the eighth week of development? a. an infant b. a morula c. a zygote d. a fetus 29. Vascular tissue in plants consists of a. meristems. b. parenchyma and collenchyma. c. epidermis. d. xylem and phloem. d. G 31. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of a leaf through the a. phloem. b. stomata. c. guard cells. d. palisade mesophyll. 32. Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith s transformation experiment? a. heat-killed, harmless bacteria b. live, harmless bacteria mixed with heat-killed, harmless bacteria c. live harmless bacteria d. live, harmless bacteria mixed with heat-killed, harmful bacteria 33. Which type of vascular tissue carries solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis? a. phloem b. tracheids c. lignin d. xylem 30. Diagram of a root Based on the diagram of the root, what letter indicates the tissue known as the xylem? a. H b. F c. E 34. How do most primary producers make their own food? a. by using chemical energy to make carbohydrates b. by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide c. by using light energy to make carbohydrates d. by changing water into carbon dioxide 5

6 a. D b. B c. A d. C Figure Which of the following is a food chain in the food web shown in Figure 3 4? a. grass, caterpillar, robin, hawk b. tree, rabbit, hawk, snake c. tree, deer, mountain lion, fox d. grass, grasshopper, snake, hawk 37. Based on the table of ph values, which substance is most acidic? a. Rainwater b. Sodium hydroxide c. Hydrochloric acid d. Sulfuric acid 38. Genetic engineering has successfully transferred genes from eukaryotic cells into: a. animals b. all of the above c. bacteria d. plants 36. Animal cell diagram Based on the animal cell diagram, which structure tells you that this is a eukaryote and not a prokaryote? 6

7 39. Which of the following findings, if true, would support an argument IN FAVOR of GM foods? a. The populations of bees on farms growing insect-resistant crops are half as large as bee populations on other farms. b. Farmers who grow GM crops have much higher yields that farmers growing unmodified crops. c. The cost of using GM crops is prohibitively expensive for 75 percent of all farmers. d. Farmers using herbicide-resistant crops pollute groundwater more than farmers growing non-gm crops Figure 14-4 In a pedigree, such as the one in Figure 14 4, a half shaded circle represents a(an) a. an affected female. b. a carrier male. c. a carrier female. d. an affected male. Figure 13 5 Use figure Which type of chromosome mutation is A? a. Inversion b. Duplication c. Translocation d. Deletion 42. Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born a. without an X chromosome. b. with one X chromosome. c. with four X chromosomes. d. with three X chromosomes. 43. One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that a. A chromosomal mutation can change the number of chromosomes in a cell. b. A gene mutation affects the DNA of more genes than a chromosomal mutation. c. A chromosomal mutation is more likely to be passed on to offspring or daughter cells. d. A gene mutation can involve a insertion or deletion, but cannot 7

8 result in a frameshift. 46. Which of the following represents a testcross that starts with two purebred (homozygous) P generations? a. Ww x Ww b. WW x WW c. ww x WW d. Ww x WW 44. Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype represented by box 1 is a. wrinkled, green b. round, green c. wrinkled, yellow d. round, yellow 47. Figure 10-3 Mitosis is represented in Figure 10 3 by the letter a. A b. B c. C d. D 45. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called a. incomplete dominance. b. polygenic inheritance. c. multiple genes. d. multiple alleles. 48. Picture of a bacteria 8

9 Based on the picture of a bacteria, which letter represents the flagella? a. A b. B c. C d. D 49. James Hutton s and Charles Lyell s work suggests that a. Earth is several million years old. b. Earth is several thousand years old. c. all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years. d. all rocks on Earth contain fossils. 51. According to Darwin s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the a. possession of adaptations developed through use. b. possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness. c. lack of competition within the species. d. choices made by plant and animal breeders. 50. Figure 16 1 In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in Figure 16 1 are a. examples of fossils. b. vestigial structures. c. acquired traits. d. examples of natural variation. 9

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